芒果视频下载

網站(zhan)分(fen)類
登錄 |    
桐城歌
0 票數:0 #風俗文化#
桐城歌是起源于安徽桐城的一種地方民歌,是當地勞動人民集體創作的一種韻文形式的地方民間文學,同時又是一種融詞、曲、表演為一體的綜合藝術。2008年,安徽省桐城市申報的“桐城歌”經國務院批準列入第二批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。桐城歌,起源于“桐城派”的故鄉——安徽桐城市的一種地方民歌,是當地勞動人民集體口頭創作的一種韻文形式的民間文學,又是一種融詞、曲、表演為一體的綜合藝術。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 安徽省(sheng)
  • 所屬類別: 民(min)間文學
  • 遺產項目編號: Ⅰ-79
本百科詞條由網站注冊用戶"我心明亮"編輯上傳提供,詞條屬于開放詞條,當前頁面所展示的百科詞條介紹涉及宣傳內容屬于注冊用戶個人編輯行為。與桐城歌的所屬企業/主題/所有人主體無關,詞條主體可以提供資料認證申請管理本詞條權限免費更新資料,也可以因內容與實際情況不符快速在線向網站提出反饋修改! 反饋
詳細介紹 PROFILE +

歷史淵源

桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge),起源(yuan)應(ying)上溯至唐以前的歷史時期。到了明代,桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)開始編印成書(shu),《明代雜(za)曲集(ji)》里(li)采集(ji)桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)25首。明代著名文學(xue)家馮夢龍的《山(shan)(shan)歌(ge)(ge)》辟專卷(juan)“桐城(cheng)時興歌(ge)(ge)”,錄桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge) 24首,并謂之(zhi)(zhi):“鄉俚傳誦”。桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge),起源(yuan)于“桐城(cheng)派(pai)”的故鄉——安(an)徽桐城(cheng)市的一種地方(fang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge),是當地勞(lao)動人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)集(ji)體口頭創作的一種韻(yun)文形(xing)式的民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文學(xue),又(you)是一種融詞、曲、表演為一體的綜合藝術。桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)是傳統民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)歌(ge)(ge)謠(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)一種。桐城(cheng)地區(qu)傳統民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文學(xue)類有“鞭打蘆花、孔雀東(dong)南飛、桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)、六尺巷傳說、徽州民(min)(min)(min)(min)謠(yao)、徽州楹(ying)聯匾額”等6項;民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)音樂類有“五河(he)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)、皖西大別(bie)山(shan)(shan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)、壽(shou)州鑼鼓(gu)、金寨古碑絲弦(xian)鑼鼓(gu)、繁昌(chang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)、銅陵牛歌(ge)(ge)、貴(gui)池民(min)(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)(ge)、石(shi)臺(tai)唱(chang)曲、九華山(shan)(shan)佛教音樂、潛山(shan)(shan)彈腔。著名辭(ci)賦家---錫東(dong)刀客說:“桐城(cheng)歌(ge)(ge),是民(min)(min)(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文化向辭(ci)賦進化的惟一特殊文化現象。”。

藝術特色

藝術形式

桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌由山歌、民謠(yao)、小調(diao)組成(cheng),具(ju)體類別(bie)可分為傳說(shuo)、風(feng)土(tu)、時(shi)政(zheng)、勞動、生活、情愛(ai)、儀式、事(shi)理、趣(qu)味、燈歌、兒(er)歌等(deng)。桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌早在明代以前桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)時(shi)興歌(情歌)就流布于湖北黃梅一(yi)帶和江浙吳語地區,以其獨特的(de)(de)七言五句式體式、委婉凝練的(de)(de)語言、優(you)美動聽的(de)(de)曲調(diao)等(deng)藝術特色,廣為傳唱,乃至刊布成(cheng)帙(《明代雜(za)曲集》及馮夢龍《明清民歌時(shi)調(diao)集》均(jun)收錄桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌)。不僅(jin)成(cheng)為安(an)徽歌謠(yao)盛(sheng)行(xing)時(shi)期的(de)(de)主要(yao)本土(tu)民歌,而(er)且還影響(xiang)到湘、鄂、贛以及浙西地區,歷史上(shang)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)種范圍廣泛的(de)(de)“桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌謠(yao)文化帶”,尤其對黃梅戲(xi)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)和發展(zhan),起(qi)到基因(yin)性孕育(yu)與塑(su)造作用。

主要內容

桐城(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)--接(jie)江趨(qu)淮,河埠陸(lu)驛自古車水(shui)馬龍,素(su)有“七(qi)省通衢”之(zhi)稱。得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)地理(li)位置和悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化積淀(dian),不僅(jin)造就(jiu)了享譽(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)壇300年的(de)(de)(de)(de)桐城(cheng)(cheng)派文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue),還孕(yun)育出象民間文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)《桐城(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)》、民間故事《六(liu)尺(chi)巷》和民間音樂《十番鑼鼓》等內容豐(feng)富、形式多樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)民間民族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化。《桐城(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)》自明(ming)代就(jiu)刊布成帙(zhi),馮(feng)夢龍的(de)(de)(de)(de)《明(ming)清民歌(ge)時(shi)調集》收錄桐城(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)25首,它是載入中國文(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)(xue)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨具特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方民歌(ge),是中國歌(ge)謠發展(zhan)史(shi)(shi)上值得注視的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化現象,獨創的(de)(de)(de)(de)七(qi)言(yan)五句(ju)式歌(ge)體和帶有鮮(xian)明(ming)地方特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)情歌(ge)更是影響廣(guang)遠。

桐(tong)城歌地理環境(jing):桐(tong)城市(shi)位(wei)于安徽省中(zhong)部(bu)偏西南,地處長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)北岸、大(da)別山東麓,東鄰廬江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、樅陽兩縣,西連(lian)潛山縣,北接舒城縣,南抵懷寧縣和(he)安慶宜秀區。全市(shi)國土面積1644平(ping)方公里,耕(geng)地面積52.3萬(wan)畝(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)水(shui)田47萬(wan)畝(mu),旱地5.3萬(wan)畝(mu),湖(hu)泊水(shui)面16.7萬(wan)畝(mu)桐(tong)城地處亞熱帶季風型濕(shi)潤氣(qi)候區,氣(qi)候溫和(he),日照(zhao)充(chong)足,雨水(shui)充(chong)沛(pei),四季分明。境(jing)內礦藏豐富,初步(bu)探明的(de)(de)(de)有(you)石(shi)墨、礬(fan)、花崗石(shi)、大(da)理石(shi)、銅、鐵等10余種,受國家保護的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)稀動(dong)物有(you)金(jin)錢豹、穿山甲、水(shui)靈貓、水(shui)獺、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)豚(tun)、白鶴、巨蜥等,珍(zhen)稀植物有(you)銀(yin)杏、金(jin)錢松、鵝掌楸、杜仲等,藥用植物多達200余種。學者張友茂先生評價(jia)道:“桐(tong)城得天獨厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)自然環境(jing),是桐(tong)城民歌人文靈氣(qi)所在。”。

桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)歌社會條件:桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)系對外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)商(shang)品糧基地(di)(di),國(guo)(guo)家級科技工作先(xian)進(jin)市(shi),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)農(nong)村能源綜合(he)建(jian)設縣(xian)(市(shi))和全(quan)國(guo)(guo)鄉鎮企業(ye)百強(qiang)(縣(xian))市(shi),市(shi)區(qu)為(wei)省級歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)名(ming)城(cheng)(cheng),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)衛生城(cheng)(cheng),設有(you)國(guo)(guo)家星(xing)火(huo)密集區(qu)和經濟技術(shu)開(kai)發區(qu)。桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)日益成為(wei)海內(nei)外(wai)有(you)識之士投資興(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)熱土(tu)。安(an)慶(qing)作為(wei)安(an)徽沿(yan)(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi),實(shi)質(zhi)上處(chu)在“兩淮(huai)以(yi)至(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南”的(de)(de)(de)中心,借(jie)長江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)溝聯,其與(yu)蘇、浙、贛、鄂等省的(de)(de)(de)沿(yan)(yan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)聯系極密,文(wen)化(hua)面貌呈開(kai)放(fang)態勢。在明、清(qing)之際,安(an)徽所(suo)出的(de)(de)(de)歌謠可由(you)此傳(chuan)播到外(wai)省外(wai)地(di)(di),外(wai)省外(wai)地(di)(di)所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)歌謠也可傳(chuan)人此地(di)(di),并由(you)此發散至(zhi)皖中各(ge)處(chu)。故,史(shi)載明清(qing)之際民歌盛行,桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)歌是(shi)那個特定(ding)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)獨有(you)現象,以(yi)安(an)慶(qing)為(wei)中心、“兩淮(huai)以(yi)至(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南”為(wei)范(fan)疇---“明清(qing)之際開(kai)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)民間歌謠文(wen)化(hua)帶”。

桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)歌歷史(shi)(shi)悠(you)久:因(yin)桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)(wen)風昌盛,為(wei)(wei)江淮文(wen)(wen)化(hua)圈的發祥(xiang)地(di)和(he)集中地(di)。早(zao)在春秋時(shi)(shi)代,即(ji)稱桐(tong)國(guo);公元(yuan)757年正式建縣,歷時(shi)(shi)1200余年。其間人(ren)文(wen)(wen)勃興, 代有(you)英(ying)才。特別是明末以(yi)(yi)來桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)更(geng)是異(yi)峰突(tu)起,聲譽高(gao)漲,域內產(chan)生了一(yi)大(da)批影響卓著的大(da)家名(ming)(ming)流,有(you)被譽為(wei)(wei)“十七世紀罕(han)無倫比的百科全書(shu)派”大(da)學者(zhe)方(fang)以(yi)(yi)智,有(you)以(yi)(yi)方(fang)苞(bao),劉(liu)大(da)魁、姚鼐(nai)為(wei)(wei)代表(biao),擁有(you)600 人(ren)之眾,稱霸文(wen)(wen)壇200多(duo)年的作(zuo)家集團──桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)派; 近代又誕生了京師大(da)學堂總教習、清末大(da)儒吳汝倫,中國(guo)美學的奠基人(ren)朱(zhu)光潛(qian),新儒家代表(biao)方(fang)東(dong)美,辛亥革命灤州起義軍總司令(ling)施(shi)從云,前國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)化(hua)部(bu)長黃(huang)鎮,圍棋(qi)大(da)師劉(liu)棣懷(huai),黃(huang)梅戲藝術(shu)家嚴鳳英(ying)等杰出(chu)人(ren)物。桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)因(yin)此而成為(wei)(wei)安徽省(sheng)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng),享(xiang)有(you)“文(wen)(wen)都”盛譽。

桐(tong)城(cheng)歌:早期只是(shi)一(yi)種“手(shou)捧唱(chang)本(ben)”“邊看邊唱(chang)”,屬于一(yi)種音(yin)樂形(xing)式。當其(qi)發(fa)展到一(yi)定(ding)時期,則自然(ran)萌發(fa)了一(yi)種文(wen)學(xue)需求---桐(tong)城(cheng)辭(ci)賦。清(qing)桐(tong)城(cheng)散文(wen)派(pai),引發(fa)桐(tong)城(cheng)歌文(wen)學(xue)求取的(de)(de)欲望,網絡(luo)時代來(lai)臨(lin),桐(tong)城(cheng)歌得到了全(quan)方位創(chuang)造。作(zuo)為音(yin)樂形(xing)式的(de)(de)“桐(tong)城(cheng)歌”則向文(wen)學(xue)形(xing)式---辭(ci)賦嬗(shan)變。桐(tong)城(cheng)歌:據考(kao)證(zheng),上海古籍出版社出版的(de)(de)《明清(qing)民歌時調集》[山歌]中(zhong)就有大量的(de)(de)桐(tong)城(cheng)、安慶(qing)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)方言用字及詞匯,如把(ba)“他(ta)”說成(cheng)“咦”、把(ba)“哪”說成(cheng)“羅(luo)”、把(ba)“睡”說成(cheng)“困”、把(ba)“玩(wan)”說成(cheng)“耍(shua)”、把(ba)“哪里(li)”說成(cheng)“羅(luo)里(li)”、把(ba)“卷口(kou)”說成(cheng)“轉口(kou)”,以及“家(jia)主(zhu)公”(男性長(chang)輩)、“家(jia)主(zhu)婆”(女性長(chang)輩)、“淚直鋪(pu)”(淚直流(liu))、“門角落里(li)”(門后)等,就有“自江淮以至江南”的(de)(de)歌謠一(yi)體化特征。正如辭(ci)賦大師---潘承祥先生云:“桐(tong)城(cheng)歌,是(shi)孕育(yu)桐(tong)城(cheng)賦派(pai)最(zui)豐厚的(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)土(tu)壤。”。

桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)基因(yin)延續:桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)史上(shang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)散文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)流(liu)派--桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)派的(de)(de)(de)發祥地(di),著名(ming)(ming)黃(huang)梅(mei)戲(xi)(xi)表表演藝(yi)術家嚴鳳英的(de)(de)(de)故鄉(xiang)(xiang)。歷代英杰名(ming)(ming)士群星璀璨,素稱文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化之(zhi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)境(jing)(jing)內,綿延百余里的(de)(de)(de)龍眠(mian)山,峰(feng)巒疊(die)翠(cui),風光(guang)旖旎。歷史勝跡,瑰麗多姿(zi)。人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)景觀與自然風光(guang)交(jiao)相(xiang)輝映,是(shi)(shi)人(ren)們旅游觀光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)勝地(di)。交(jiao)通便利,合(肥)九(江(jiang)(jiang))鐵路(lu)(lu),206國道和滬蓉高速公路(lu)(lu)縱貫(guan)全(quan)境(jing)(jing)。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge):明中(zhong)葉以(yi)后,“自兩淮以(yi)至江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)”民間歌(ge)謠(yao)之(zhi)盛行。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)匯(hui)入(ru)這股洪流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)安徽(hui)本土民歌(ge),桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)在“兩淮以(yi)至江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)”一(yi)帶風靡,勢(shi)必給江(jiang)(jiang)淮文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化注入(ru)一(yi)種(zhong)新的(de)(de)(de)活力(li),造成一(yi)種(zhong)“共有”格局。以(yi)使得(de)此一(yi)地(di)域的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化具有一(yi)種(zhong)整(zheng)體風范(fan),具有最(zui)大(da)可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)通與兼(jian)容,較少(shao)排它性(xing),在一(yi)定意(yi)義(yi)上(shang),使得(de)黃(huang)梅(mei)(采(cai)茶)調(diao)(diao)流(liu)人(ren)安徽(hui)不(bu)僅不(bu)遭拒斥,反而能(neng)與當地(di)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化融(rong)為(wei)一(yi)體,受到最(zui)大(da)限度地(di)接納,并且最(zui)終造就(jiu)了黃(huang)梅(mei)戲(xi)(xi)。同時作為(wei)民間歌(ge)謠(yao)本身,其廣泛流(liu)傳,“刊布成帙(zhi)”、“舉世傳誦(song)”。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge),成為(wei)黃(huang)梅(mei)調(diao)(diao)良好的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)礦床(chuang),打破了音樂范(fan)疇的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)梅(mei)調(diao)(diao)迅(xun)速找到文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)依附,交(jiao)合碰撞(zhuang)互補再(zai)造,桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)產生了屬于嚴格意(yi)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)——黃(huang)梅(mei)戲(xi)(xi)。

桐城(cheng)歌(ge):桐城(cheng)自古人文蔚起(qi),號稱“文都”。由于(yu)文化底(di)蘊濃厚、重教傳統(tong)源遠流長,即(ji)便是山村野夫、小(xiao)(xiao)腳老(lao)太、幼稚小(xiao)(xiao)兒,也能哼得幾(ji)(ji)段歌(ge)謠。搖籃曲(qu)、納涼曲(qu)、逍遙曲(qu),粗俗中(zhong)帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)幾(ji)(ji)分真實,調侃(kan)中(zhong)帶(dai)著(zhu)(zhu)幾(ji)(ji)分勸導。“桐城(cheng)歌(ge)”風格獨(du)特,體式結構(gou)自由活(huo)潑,方言和土語疊現,節奏揚抑疾徐(xu),內(nei)容饒有情趣,真切(qie)地反映出黃梅戲的(de)“原生態”:1、《火(huo)亮蟲,夜夜飛》:火(huo)亮蟲,夜夜飛,爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)叫我(wo)捉烏龜。烏龜沒有長毛(mao)(mao),爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)叫我(wo)扯毛(mao)(mao)桃(tao);毛(mao)(mao)桃(tao)沒有開花,爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)叫我(wo)扯黃瓜(gua);黃瓜(gua)沒有落地,爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)叫我(wo)唱戲;唱戲沒有搭臺,爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)叫我(wo)爬柴;爬柴不夠(gou)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)燒,爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)把我(wo)頭上(shang)(shang)打一個包(bao)。2、《小(xiao)(xiao)麻(ma)雞,上(shang)(shang)草(cao)堆》:小(xiao)(xiao)麻(ma)雞,上(shang)(shang)草(cao)堆。爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)馱棍子(zi)打,奶奶燒水泡麻(ma)雞。爹(die)(die)(die)(die)爹(die)(die)(die)(die)吃(chi)(七)肉(育),奶奶啃骨(gu),兒子(zi)喝湯,媳(xi)婦聞香(xiang)。小(xiao)(xiao)伢小(xiao)(xiao)伢你莫哼,鍋里(li)還(huan)有一塊(kuai)小(xiao)(xiao)雞肫,拿去和你(恩)小(xiao)(xiao)姑倆(lia)個人分。吃(chi)半(ban)(ban)邊,留半(ban)(ban)邊,留給奶奶床里(li)邊。老(lao)貓含(扛)到踏(ta)板上(shang)(shang),老(lao)鼠含(扛)到屋檐邊,老(lao)哇叼到樹頭尖。奶奶好吃(chi)(七)哭三天(tian),眼(俺)睛哭之(zhi)燈(deng)盞大,嘴吧哭之(zhi)歪半(ban)(ban)邊(踏(ta)板:床前放鞋(xie)的(de)隔板;老(lao)哇:烏鴉)。3、《肚(du)(du)子(zi)痛》:肚(du)(du)子(zi)痛,找(zhao)(zhao)老(lao)盛(sheng);老(lao)盛(sheng)不在家(jia)(ga),找(zhao)(zhao)老(lao)張;老(lao)張家(jia)(ga)里(li)起(qi)著(zhu)(zhu)火(huo),不找(zhao)(zhao)旁人就找(zhao)(zhao)我(wo)。4、《小(xiao)(xiao)女伢節韶(shao)撩(liao)撩(liao)》。5、《八(ba)角樹》:八(ba)爺門。

桐(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge),入選世界民歌(ge)首批非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄(07年(nian)申報國家(jia)級):安徽(hui)省(sheng)首批省(sheng)級非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄公布,桐(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)入選其中的(de)(de)民間音(yin)樂(le)類。桐(tong)城(cheng)素有(you)(you)“民歌(ge)之鄉”的(de)(de)美譽。悠久的(de)(de)歷史,古老(lao)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua),優美的(de)(de)自然環境造就(jiu)了(le)特征(zheng)多(duo)樣(yang)豐(feng)富多(duo)彩的(de)(de)桐(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)。內容豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)生產(chan)勞動(dong)類、日常生活類、情歌(ge)類、頌歌(ge)類等(deng),涉及到社(she)會生活的(de)(de)各(ge)個方面(mian);體裁(cai)多(duo)樣(yang),有(you)(you)山歌(ge)、號子、小(xiao)調、秧(yang)歌(ge)、風俗禮儀歌(ge)等(deng);語(yu)言(yan)以三字句、五字句、七字句為多(duo),大(da)(da)多(duo)是口耳相傳(chuan),語(yu)言(yan)樸實無(wu)(wu)華,通俗易懂,有(you)(you)少部分唱(chang)(chang)詞典雅,比較講究(jiu)(jiu)音(yin)韻(yun);繁昌民歌(ge)雖然長短不一(yi),但(dan)基本結構都比較完整;繁昌民歌(ge)曲(qu)調豐(feng)富,唱(chang)(chang)法(fa)獨特,無(wu)(wu)論從文(wen)學的(de)(de)角(jiao)度或音(yin)樂(le)的(de)(de)角(jiao)度來審視,都極具(ju)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)藝術(shu)價(jia)值(zhi)和研究(jiu)(jiu)價(jia)值(zhi)。桐(tong)城(cheng)非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)---國家(jia)級非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan),“桐(tong)城(cheng)歌(ge)申遺”是千秋(qiu)大(da)(da)計。

桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌,隨著“徽(hui)劇(ju)”被列入首批國(guo)家非物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)名錄。明(ming)(ming)末清初,徽(hui)戲(xi)形成(cheng)于安慶石牌、樅陽及桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng),其(qi)基礎是青陽腔(qiang)、昆山腔(qiang),并由(you)“桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌”產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)梆子(zi)亂彈腔(qiang)。康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)間,“新奇疊出”吸引觀眾。乾隆(long)年(nian)(nian)間產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)“二黃調(diao)”。“四大徽(hui)班”,充分說明(ming)(ming)桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌與江淮戲(xi)曲文化(hua)、地方劇(ju)種存在著血緣(yuan)關(guan)系。明(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)沈德(de)符在《顧曲雜言(yan)》云:“嘉、隆(long)間乃興《鬧五更》《寄生(sheng)草(cao)》《羅江怨》《哭(ku)皇天》《干(gan)(gan)荷葉》《粉紅(hong)蓮》《桐(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)歌》《銀絞絲》之屬,自(zi)兩(liang)淮以(yi)至江南,漸與詞曲相(xiang)(xiang)遠,不過寫淫媒(mei)情態,略具抑(yi)揚而(er)已。比(bi)年(nian)(nian)以(yi)來,又有《打棗干(gan)(gan)》《掛枝兒(er)》二曲,其(qi)腔(qiang)調(diao)約略相(xiang)(xiang)似,則不問(wen)南、北,不問(wen)男、女,不問(wen)老(lao)、幼、良、賤,人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)習之,亦人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)喜聽之,以(yi)至刊(kan)布成(cheng)帙,舉世傳誦,沁人(ren)(ren)心腑(fu)。”。

桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge):鄉戶田間(jian)村頭老人喲喝聲,是(shi)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)范疇。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),是(shi)桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)文化遺(yi)產。老子輩的(de)(de)東(dong)東(dong),似乎經我(wo)們(men)觸摸(mo)不到了。但,安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公布(bu)首批(pi)(pi)“非遺(yi)”名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)曰,納入了桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)經批(pi)(pi)準,已(yi)(yi)進入安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)文化廳(ting)第(di)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級非物(wu)質文化遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)(共102個項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),包括已(yi)(yi)公布(bu)的(de)(de)國家(jia)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)19項(xiang)。全省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)17個市(shi)(shi)(shi)都有(you)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)入選,入選項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)最多的(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)黃山市(shi)(shi)(shi))。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)入選省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)在(zai)同一(yi)類(lei)型中最具代表性(xing);在(zai)某一(yi)區域內最具影響力;具有(you)鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)地方(fang)特色(se);都處(chu)于(yu)瀕危狀態亟需保(bao)護(hu),有(you)的(de)(de)已(yi)(yi)處(chu)于(yu)滅絕的(de)(de)邊(bian)緣。桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge):屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級非物(wu)質文化遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)---第(di)一(yi)批(pi)(pi)國家(jia)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)(lu)。存在(zai)許多桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)“民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術大師”,并且有(you)“民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術之鄉”(不含國家(jia)級19項(xiang):民(min)間(jian)文學類(lei)有(you)“鞭打蘆(lu)花、孔(kong)雀東(dong)南飛、桐(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、六尺巷傳說、徽(hui)(hui)州民(min)謠、徽(hui)(hui)州楹聯匾額”等6項(xiang))。

桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge),是(shi)十分(fen)珍貴的(de)(de)(de)民族民間(jian)(jian)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)、精神財富,是(shi)祖先們留(liu)給后人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)重要國(guo)學(xue)非物質文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan),是(shi)最能(neng)體現(xian)桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地方特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)要數桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)謠。“桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)”作(zuo)為 一(yi)種歌(ge)(ge)種,早在明(ming)代就(jiu)躋身于中國(guo)歌(ge)(ge)壇。《中國(guo)文(wen)學(xue)史》中對于“桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)”的(de)(de)(de)地位作(zuo)了(le)明(ming)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)肯定,還引(yin)用(yong)、評(ping)述了(le)“桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)”《素帕》卓有成就(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)家們的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術實踐。桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge),是(shi)桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)民間(jian)(jian)文(wen)學(xue)中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)枝奇葩。其歌(ge)(ge)體、藝(yi)術風格及其具有的(de)(de)(de)鮮明(ming)地方特色(se),《明(ming)代雜曲(qu)集》里收(shou)(shou)錄桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)25首,馮夢龍的(de)(de)(de)《山(shan)(shan)歌(ge)(ge)》里收(shou)(shou)24首,清乾隆(long)九(jiu)年(nian)刊《萬花小曲(qu)》也收(shou)(shou)有多首桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)。“桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)”,為明(ming)清民歌(ge)(ge)時(shi)調在更(geng)大范圍內興盛發達(da)埋下了(le)遙遠的(de)(de)(de)伏筆,打下了(le)堅實的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)基(ji)礎。據(ju)調查,時(shi)至今日,安慶懷寧及潛山(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶仍將“折磨媳(xi)的(de)(de)(de)婆婆喊作(zuo)‘焦八叉’”即(ji)“焦母”,“將受折磨的(de)(de)(de)媳(xi)婦叫作(zuo)‘苦枝子’”---流傳下來的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)。

題材分布

桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)由山歌(ge)(ge)、民(min)謠、小調(diao)組成,題材(cai)廣泛,內容豐富,影(ying)響廣泛而深(shen)遠。黃梅(mei)戲史(shi)論家陸洪非先生也(ye)說:“安(an)徽的《桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)》也(ye)是(shi)很早就傳(chuan)(chuan)到黃梅(mei)(湖北(bei)——引者按(an))一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。”因此,“起(qi)于安(an)徽桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地方的”《桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)》非局囿于桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)隅,是(shi)借(jie)安(an)慶(qing)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞,向“吳語(yu)地區”“黃梅(mei)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)”等更大空間擴散(san),以及外地歌(ge)(ge)謠源源融入(ru)安(an)慶(qing)沿江(jiang)開放(fang)共融的文化品貌。明(ming)(ming)人(ren)筆記《萬(wan)歷(li)野獲編》中,沈(shen)德符(1578—1642,字景倩,又(you)字虎臣(chen)、景伯(bo),明(ming)(ming)浙江(jiang)秀水人(ren),萬(wan)歷(li)四十六年(1618)中舉人(ren)。著有《清權堂集》《敝帚軒剩語(yu)》三卷(juan)(juan)、《顧曲(qu)雜言》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《飛鳧語(yu)略》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan)、《秦璽始(shi)末》一(yi)(yi)卷(juan)(juan))論述了(le)嘉靖時(shi)流行的“桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)”發(fa)展(zhan)過程(cheng),提供了(le)明(ming)(ming)代桐(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歌(ge)(ge)研究(jiu)提供了(le)重要理論依據(ju)。

傳承保護

桐(tong)(tong)城歌(ge):桐(tong)(tong)城市文(wen)化館,擔負起非(fei)物(wu)質文(wen)化遺(yi)產歷史性任務(wu):《六尺巷》雖說是民(min)間故(gu)事(shi)(shi),但確(que)實是清代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期發生(sheng)在(zai)桐(tong)(tong)城的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)人真(zhen)事(shi)(shi),并廣為(wei)流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)。“一紙書來只為(wei)墻,讓(rang)(rang)他三(san)尺有何(he)妨”?寬容禮(li)讓(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統美德,幾百年來深(shen)刻影響著人們的(de)(de)(de)思想道德和(he)(he)行為(wei)規范,在(zai)當今(jin)構建和(he)(he)諧社會中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有著積(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)現實意(yi)義(yi)。1956年中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蘇(su)關系惡化,毛澤東接見(jian)(jian)前蘇(su)聯駐華大(da)使尤金時,引(yin)用(yong)了《六尺巷》故(gu)事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“萬里長城今(jin)猶在(zai),哪(na)見(jian)(jian)當年秦始皇”的(de)(de)(de)兩句詩(shi)。《十番(fan)鑼(luo)鼓》自明清以來就在(zai)桐(tong)(tong)城生(sheng)根生(sheng)長;這(zhe)種民(min)間流(liu)傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)吹打(da)音樂(le)形式,長期為(wei)當地老(lao)百姓所喜聞樂(le)見(jian)(jian),是一項重要的(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗活動(dong)。20世紀90年代(dai)我(wo)們還(huan)將其(qi)搬上了舞臺,曾參(can)加中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國安慶(qing)第一、第二屆黃(huang)梅戲藝術(shu)節開幕式文(wen)藝演(yan)出,其(qi)藝術(shu)價(jia)值和(he)(he)表演(yan)形式,深(shen)受廣大(da)觀眾和(he)(he)專家的(de)(de)(de)好評。在(zai)進(jin)行非(fei)物(wu)質文(wen)化遺(yi)產搶救與保護中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),桐(tong)(tong)城歌(ge)得到了有效(xiao)地搶救與保護:

一、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)桐城歌的緊迫性。桐城歌文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)搶救與保(bao)(bao)護(hu),是非物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產屬于民(min)族民(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的范圍。文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)部在1992年(nian)頒布施(shi)行的《群眾藝術館(guan)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)管理辦法(fa)》中,明確(que)了搜集(ji)、整理、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)民(min)族民(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)藝術遺產,是文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)的工(gong)作任務和(he)重要職能。黨(dang)的“十六(liu)大”提(ti)出,要“扶(fu)持(chi)對重要文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產和(he)優秀(xiu)民(min)間(jian)藝術的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作”。

二、拓展桐(tong)城(cheng)歌文(wen)化(hua)(hua)。非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)搶救(jiu)與保護(hu)---桐(tong)城(cheng)歌,由專家、傳承人和群(qun)眾文(wen)化(hua)(hua)工作(zuo)(zuo)者組成的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)小(xiao)組,摸(mo)清(qing)桐(tong)城(cheng)歌文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)亟待搶救(jiu)的(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)對象(xiang),選(xuan)取本地具有代(dai)表(biao)性的(de)(de)民(min)間文(wen)學(xue)《桐(tong)城(cheng)歌》作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)首(shou)批省級非物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)(chan)申報重(zhong)點(dian)(dian),組織座談,深入邊遠鄉村,走(zou)訪民(min)間藝人,掌握了大量珍貴歷史資(zi)料(liao)。開展以“申遺(yi)”為(wei)主題的(de)(de)形式(shi)多樣(yang)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)活動,組織當地民(min)歌手(shou)舉辦“桐(tong)城(cheng)歌”演(yan)唱會。

三、建立長(chang)效機制,做好桐城歌非物質(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產搶救。“保(bao)護(hu)為主(zhu)、搶救第一、合理利用、傳承發展”是非物質(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產桐城歌保(bao)護(hu)工作必須堅持的方針(zhen)。選(xuan)擇一批(pi)有(you)能力、有(you)事業(ye)心的人(ren)專門從事非物質(zhi)(zhi)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產的搜集整理工作;注重(zhong)對傳承人(ren)的保(bao)護(hu),深入基層同民(min)(min)間(jian)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)交朋(peng)友,資料搜集和檔案的建立,包括民(min)(min)間(jian)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)、實物及相關(guan)器(qi)具等(deng)檔案的建立。

四、克服浮躁(zao)思(si)想。利用音像、圖(tu)片等形式(shi)將(jiang)其實(shi)錄并刻制光(guang)盤保存下來;成立(li)(li)重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)項目(mu)研究會,出(chu)版研究專著;建立(li)(li)展(zhan)覽館,開辟文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)網,吸引民(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)參與;培(pei)訓民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)隊伍(wu);建立(li)(li)非物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)保護基金;注重(zhong)培(pei)養青年民(min)(min)(min)歌(ge)手;選取有(you)積(ji)極意義(yi)的傳(chuan)統民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)民(min)(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan),如傳(chuan)統兒歌(ge)、民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)故事、民(min)(min)(min)間(jian)文(wen)(wen)學作(zuo)為鄉土(tu)教(jiao)材(cai)編入鄉土(tu)教(jiao)材(cai)。

發表評論
您還未登錄,依《網絡安全法》相關要求,請您登錄賬戶后再提交發布信息。點擊登錄>>如您還未注冊,可,感謝您的理解及支持!
最新評論
暫無評論
網站提醒和聲明
本站(zhan)(zhan)為注冊(ce)用(yong)戶提供(gong)信息(xi)存儲空(kong)間服(fu)務,非“MAIGOO編輯上傳(chuan)提供(gong)”的文章/文字(zi)均是注冊(ce)用(yong)戶自主發布上傳(chuan),不代表(biao)本站(zhan)(zhan)觀點,更(geng)不表(biao)示(shi)本站(zhan)(zhan)支持(chi)購買和交易,本站(zhan)(zhan)對網頁中內容的合法(fa)性(xing)、準確性(xing)、真實性(xing)、適(shi)用(yong)性(xing)、安全性(xing)等概不負責。版(ban)權歸原作者所有(you),如有(you)侵權、虛(xu)假信息(xi)、錯誤信息(xi)或任何(he)問題(ti),請及時(shi)聯系(xi)我(wo)們,我(wo)們將在(zai)第一時(shi)間刪除或更(geng)正。 申請刪除>> 糾錯>> 投訴侵權>>
提(ti)交(jiao)說明: 查看提交幫助>> 注冊登錄>>
頁面相關分類
熱門模塊
已有3844885個品牌入駐 更新518029個招商信息 已發布1580236個代理需求 已有1329196條品牌點贊