一.產品介紹
美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),是由(you)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)縣巴普鎮俄普村(cun)一(yi)帶駐地(di)(di)彝民(min)族(zu)在(zai)特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)環境下和特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產生活方(fang)式(shi)(shi)下飼養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)逐步培育形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。據2000多年前(qian)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)彝族(zu)經典文獻《孜孜尼(ni)渣(zha)》中記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)彝族(zu)人民(min)在(zai)在(zai)祭祀神靈(ling)、祈求(qiu)平安的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀式(shi)(shi)中所使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物“癡布樹尼(ni)”就是指黑色公山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang),在(zai)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)管理過程中,農(nong)戶(hu)只能將山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)關在(zai)圈(quan)里同(tong)豬一(yi)起喂養(yang)或將山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)用繩索套牢(lao)牽至耕(geng)地(di)(di)附近進行(xing)拴(shuan)牧(mu)(mu)和牽牧(mu)(mu),由(you)此逐漸(jian)形(xing)成了以圈(quan)養(yang)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)生產模式(shi)(shi)。由(you)于放牧(mu)(mu)場地(di)(di)有限,每家每戶(hu)飼養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)數量也(ye)有限,少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)使農(nong)戶(hu)投入(ru)了更多的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力,使當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)得到了精(jing)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang),生產性能不(bu)斷得到提(ti)高。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因(yin)素
(1)土壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:美姑縣位于涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)州東(dong)北部(bu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)(chu)大涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)腹心地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,距州府西昌171公里。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)(chu)(chu)青藏高原東(dong)南部(bu)的(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈與四(si)川盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)西南邊(bian)緣交匯處(chu)(chu)(chu),境內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,河流縱(zong)橫(heng)(heng),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由東(dong)北向西南傾(qing)斜,平(ping)均海拔(ba)2000米,最(zui)高海拔(ba)在大風頂為4042米,最(zui)低處(chu)(chu)(chu)640米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為主(zhu),丘陵和平(ping)壩只(zhi)占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)8%。土壤(rang)(rang)有17個土類(lei),以(yi)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)、暗棕壤(rang)(rang)、紫色土、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)土為主(zhu)。全縣天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積193.35萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)共有8類(lei):亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積44.53萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)23.03%;高寒(han)(han)灌叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積10.79萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)5.58%;高寒(han)(han)沼澤草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積0.27萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)0.14%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)疏(shu)林草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積25.28萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)13.07%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灌叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積25.27萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)13.07%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積18.86萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)9.75%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積25.89萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)13.34%;農(nong)隙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積42.46萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)(de)21.96%。天然牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主(zhu)要有禾本科(ke)、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科(ke)、豆科(ke)、菊科(ke);人工牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主(zhu)要種植白三葉、多(duo)年(nian)生 黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、光葉紫花苕(tiao)、紫花苜蓿、皇竹草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等。
(2)水文情況: 美姑山羊產(chan)地區域河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)為內陸河(he),全縣大小河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和溪溝159條,總(zong)長287公里。東北(bei)部的瓦侯(hou)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入馬邊河(he),屬岷江水系,河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)全長45公里;美姑河(he)(含下游溜筒(tong)河(he))由北(bei)向(xiang)南出(chu)境流(liu)(liu)(liu)入金沙(sha)江,境內干流(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)長142.5公里。全縣河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)年涇流(liu)(liu)(liu)量29億立方米,水資源豐富。
(3)氣候(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件:境內山(shan)嶺連綿,異峰疊起,大(da)(da)(da)部份(fen)為(wei)(wei)高山(shan)谷(gu)地,最(zui)(zui)高海拔的(de)大(da)(da)(da)風頂為(wei)(wei)4042米(mi),最(zui)(zui)低海拔640米(mi),海拔高差懸殊很大(da)(da)(da),立體氣候(hou)(hou)明(ming)顯(xian),四季分明(ming),年(nian)均(jun)氣溫(wen)11.4℃,日溫(wen)差較大(da)(da)(da)。常年(nian)日照充足,年(nian)日照1790.7小時,雨量充沛,年(nian)均(jun)降水量814.6毫米(mi),但降水量北(bei)部多(duo)南部少,分布不(bu)均(jun)。冬季長(chang)達135天,年(nian)均(jun)霜期125天。得天獨厚的(de)自然環境孕(yun)育出(chu)了(le)許(xu)許(xu)多(duo)多(duo)的(de)珍(zhen)禽異獸,其中(zhong)最(zui)(zui)具代表的(de)美(mei)姑大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)具有性(xing)情溫(wen)順(shun)、繁殖率(lv)強的(de)特點,1974年(nian)送(song)往(wang)墨西哥的(de)雌性(xing)大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)在墨西哥首產成(cheng)活幼仔而轟(hong)動(dong)世界,1975年(nian)送(song)往(wang)成(cheng)都動(dong)物(wu)園的(de)大(da)(da)(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)“美(mei)美(mei)”連產7胎,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)懷孕(yun)率(lv)、產仔率(lv)、產仔成(cheng)活率(lv)最(zui)(zui)高的(de)“英雄母親”,2008年(nian)送(song)往(wang)臺灣的(de)“團團”、“園園”的(de)祖藉(jie)也是(shi)美(mei)姑縣大(da)(da)(da)風頂自然保護(hu)區。同時也孕(yun)育出(chu)了(le)性(xing)情溫(wen)順(shun)、繁殖率(lv)高、屠(tu)宰率(lv)高、膽固(gu)醇含(han)量低、肉質(zhi)好的(de)美(mei)姑山(shan)羊。
(4)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文歷(li)史情況:美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)是直接從(cong)奴隸社(she)會(hui)跨入(ru)社(she)會(hui)主義社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彝(yi)(yi)族聚(ju)居(ju)縣(xian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)婚(hun)喪嫁娶(qu)、畢摩法事、過(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)過(guo)節、走親訪友(you)、招待(dai)貴(gui)客時必需(xu)宰殺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位僅次于(yu)牛(niu)。由(you)(you)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)兼具(ju)了“偶蹄四肢”和(he)(he)皮毛可(ke)(ke)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)、肉質細嫩鮮美(mei)(mei)等(deng)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)貴(gui)重動物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng),且其(qi)(qi)個(ge)體適(shi)中,價格較(jiao)牛(niu)更容(rong)易讓廣(guang)大彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠承受,因(yin)此,使用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)比牛(niu)廣(guang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)替代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),所以(yi)彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)家家戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)歷(li)來(lai)都(dou)有(you)(you)(you)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣。美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)。90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)初,美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)縣(xian)境內(nei)(nei)巴(ba)普鎮俄(e)(e)普村(cun)為(wei)(wei)中心區(qu)域一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)域范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)繁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群(qun)(qun),暫定(ding)名為(wei)(wei)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),其(qi)(qi)形成(cheng)歷(li)史近(jin)30余年(nian)(nian)(nian)。據(ju)調查,美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是從(cong)上(shang)世紀70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)以(yi)來(lai),由(you)(you)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)縣(xian)巴(ba)普鎮俄(e)(e)普村(cun)一(yi)(yi)帶駐(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)彝(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)族在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境下和(he)(he)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)方式下飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)逐(zhu)步培(pei)育(yu)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)(you)于(yu)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)交通(tong)不(bu)(bu)便、地(di)(di)(di)(di)域封閉(bi)、水(shui)草豐茂、土地(di)(di)(di)(di)肥(fei)沃、人(ren)(ren)(ren)丁興旺、人(ren)(ren)(ren)多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)少,除(chu) 耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)外基本上(shang)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)牲(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)放牧(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)(di),因(yin)此,該(gai)村(cun)除(chu)極少經(jing)濟(ji)條(tiao)件較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1-2只(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)外幾乎沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)其(qi)(qi)它草食畜(chu)(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管理(li)過(guo)程中,農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關(guan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)圈里(li)同(tong)豬一(yi)(yi)起(qi)喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)或將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)繩索套(tao)牢牽至耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)附近(jin)進行拴(shuan)牧(mu)(mu)和(he)(he)牽牧(mu)(mu),由(you)(you)此逐(zhu)漸形成(cheng)了以(yi)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模式。由(you)(you)于(yu)放牧(mu)(mu)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian),每家每戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)數量也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian),少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)投(tou)入(ru)了更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精力,使當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)得到(dao)了精心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)斷得到(dao)提高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中偶爾出(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)一(yi)(yi)胎兩羔,甚至多(duo)(duo)羔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)母體和(he)(he)后代(dai)(dai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)斷被(bei)(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)長(chang)期留養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),如此經(jing)過(guo)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然選(xuan)擇和(he)(he)群(qun)(qun)眾自發(fa)(fa)選(xuan)育(yu),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自發(fa)(fa)將(jiang)產(chan)(chan)雙羔以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公、母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)再進行選(xuan)育(yu)、培(pei)育(yu),逐(zhu)漸形成(cheng)了具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)繁殖率高(gao)、前期生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)速(su)度快、適(shi)應(ying)范(fan)圍(wei)廣(guang)、性(xing)(xing)情溫順宜圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)效(xiao)益(yi)高(gao)等(deng)特(te)色,并(bing)深受當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)喜愛,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方優(you)良(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群(qun)(qun)—美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。由(you)(you)于(yu)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)簡(jian)便,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么(me)特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件限(xian)制,特(te)別是美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)黑色、光(guang)亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)毛特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)迅(xun)速(su)受到(dao)了廣(guang)大彝(yi)(yi)族人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歡迎。美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)很快成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)彝(yi)(yi)族在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)過(guo)節、迎親嫁娶(qu)等(deng)喜慶(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)里(li)贈(zeng)送親友(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong),收(shou)到(dao)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)這一(yi)(yi)貴(gui)重禮(li)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)親友(you)也(ye)倍加珍惜和(he)(he)愛護這一(yi)(yi)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)而予(yu)以(yi)精心喂(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),使得美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)范(fan)圍(wei)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)廣(guang),數量越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo),規模越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)大,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)形成(cheng)了特(te)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)類群(qun)(qun)。經(jing)過(guo)畜(chu)(chu)(chu)牧(mu)(mu)部(bu)門十多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)育(yu)和(he)(he)推廣(guang),美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已從(cong)1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全縣(xian)僅有(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)3個(ge)村(cun)中不(bu)(bu)到(dao)100戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)統計)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)36個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮)136個(ge)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8000多(duo)(duo)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),存欄美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)從(cong)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)400只(zhi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)59150只(zhi),核心群(qun)(qun)達(da)9640只(zhi),選(xuan)育(yu)群(qun)(qun)達(da)12200只(zhi)。主要分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)海拔(ba)700米(mi)到(dao)2800米(mi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)普鎮、農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巴(ba)古鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、佐戈依達(da)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、依洛拉達(da)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、牛(niu)牛(niu)壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、九口鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洛俄(e)(e)依甘鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、井葉特(te)西(xi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)全縣(xian)36個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮)136個(ge)村(cun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)境內(nei)(nei)海拔(ba)700米(mi)到(dao)2800米(mi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)都(dou)表現(xian)(xian)出(chu)了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應(ying)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)高(gao)繁性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)傳穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。同(tong)時美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方式既可(ke)(ke)舍飼(si)(si)(si)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)放牧(mu)(mu),不(bu)(bu)但(dan)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)半(ban)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)半(ban)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),也(ye)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)區(qu)和(he)(he)牧(mu)(mu)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)(bu)但(dan)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)美(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),也(ye)適(shi)合(he)于(yu)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、四川(chuan)大部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),周邊(bian)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州境內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)波、昭(zhao)覺、金(jin)陽、布(bu)拖(tuo)、越(yue)(yue)西(xi)以(yi)及樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峨邊(bian)、馬邊(bian)等(deng)縣(xian)均曾來(lai)我縣(xian)引(yin)進飼(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。其(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前景非常廣(guang)闊。
三.地域范圍
美(mei)(mei)姑山(shan)羊地(di)理(li)(li)標志畜產品產地(di)范圍(wei)為(wei)四川(chuan)省涼山(shan)州美(mei)(mei)姑縣所轄(xia)的36個鄉鎮291個村。其地(di)理(li)(li)坐標為(wei)東經102°53′-103°29′,北緯28°02′-28°53′。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
(1)美姑山羊(yang)肉(rou)質感官(guan)特(te)(te)征:宰(zai)殺(sha)后(hou),肌肉(rou)豐滿緊密(mi)、有(you)堅實感、顏色(se)鮮艷、光澤潤滑、水嫩多(duo)汁、紅色(se)均(jun)勻,用手(shou)觸摸濕(shi)潤不粘手(shou)、肌纖維韌(ren)性強(qiang)、有(you)彈性,胴體表(biao)面(mian)被覆一(yi)層薄薄的(de)(de)白色(se)、均(jun)勻的(de)(de)脂肪分布,有(you)輕(qing)微的(de)(de)膻(shan)味,無其他異(yi)味。煮(zhu)沸后(hou)的(de)(de)羊(yang)肉(rou)湯(tang)(tang)澄清透明,羊(yang)脂團浮聚于湯(tang)(tang)表(biao)面(mian),香氣(qi)四溢,風味十(shi)足,具有(you)鮮、香、濃等特(te)(te)色(se),品嘗過美姑山羊(yang)湯(tang)(tang)鍋的(de)(de)人都對其贊不絕口。
(2)美姑山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)內在(zai)品(pin)質指(zhi)標和風味特征:美姑山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(后腿(tui)肌肉(rou))經農業部食品(pin)質量(liang)(liang)監督檢(jian)驗(yan)測(ce)試中(zhong)心(xin)(成(cheng)都)進行了測(ce)定和分析,結果(guo)表明:美姑山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)品(pin)質好,營(ying)養豐富,水分含(han)量(liang)(liang)為74.73%,肌肉(rou)中(zhong)粗(cu)(cu)蛋白含(han)量(liang)(liang)達(da)22.3%,粗(cu)(cu)脂肪含(han)量(liang)(liang)達(da)3.72%,灰分含(han)量(liang)(liang)達(da)0.97%。膽固醇(chun)含(han)量(liang)(liang)為41.7㎎/100g,明顯低于84.62%的(de)其他(ta)(ta)山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)在(zai)成(cheng)都檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)平均(jun)數(shu);富含(han)17種氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan),其中(zhong)天冬門氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)2.26%、蘇氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.96%、絲氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.79%、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)3.75%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.25%、丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.52%、胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.050%、纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.12%、蛋氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.56%、異亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.06%、亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.83%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.78%、苯丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.91%、賴(lai)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)2.10%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.58%、精氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)1.56%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)0.95%,氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)總量(liang)(liang)22.1%,氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)比其他(ta)(ta)山羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)的(de)平均(jun)數(shu)21.63%略高。屠宰率高且(qie)鮮肉(rou)色澤純正,具有清香味;熟肉(rou)肉(rou)質細嫩(nen)鮮美;膻味小,肉(rou)湯香味濃郁,風味獨(du)特。