一.產品介紹
涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)彝(yi)族(zu)自治州是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)彝(yi)族(zu)聚居最多的地區,綿(mian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)彝(yi)族(zu)人民(min)在婚(hun)喪嫁娶、過年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)過節(jie)、走(zou)親訪友、招(zhao)待貴客時必須(xu)宰殺的牲畜(chu),它(ta)的地位僅次于牛。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)彝(yi)族(zu)人民(min)傳統(tong)的生產和(he)(he)生活資(zi)料,價格(ge)適(shi)中(zhong),因此,在彝(yi)族(zu)人民(min)的生活中(zhong)具(ju)有不可替代(dai)(dai)(dai)的作(zuo)用。 涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)培育(yu)起始于20世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)后期,至(zhi)70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)初為(wei)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)階段(duan):引進新(xin)疆細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)雜交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)試驗(yan),并在全(quan)州推廣,到(dao)1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)5.8萬(wan)只,并逐步(bu)建立了多個(ge)州屬(shu)和(he)(he)縣屬(shu)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)場(chang)。但是(shi),由于細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)對(dui)當地雨季(ji)潮濕、炎熱氣候適(shi)應較差,不宜于制作(zuo)披(pi)氈、察爾瓦等(deng),群眾對(dui)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)積(ji)極性不高,致使改(gai)(gai)良(liang)步(bu)伐緩(huan)慢。1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始從(cong)國(guo)外引入邊區萊斯特以及(ji)羅(luo)姆(mu)尼等(deng)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)與細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)后代(dai)(dai)(dai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)進行(xing)雜交組合試驗(yan),至(zhi)1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)州半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)(da)11.85萬(wan)只。1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)家科委(wei)、農(nong)業部將(jiang)培育(yu)48—50支粗檔(dang)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品種(zhong)連(lian)續納入國(guo)家“七(qi)五(wu)”、“八五(wu)”、“九五(wu)”重點(dian)科技(ji)攻(gong)關計劃(hua),由涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)州畜(chu)牧(mu)局主持(chi),組織四(si)川(chuan)農(nong)業大學(xue)、四(si)川(chuan)省畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所、涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)州畜(chu)牧(mu)獸醫科學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所等(deng)進行(xing)聯(lian)合攻(gong)關。到(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),成(cheng)功(gong)育(yu)成(cheng)了涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品種(zhong),存欄11萬(wan)余(yu)只,其中(zhong)特一(yi)級公(gong)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)(da)到(dao)5190只,等(deng)級羊(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)(da)到(dao)35237只,基礎(chu)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)(da)到(dao)45958只。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)存欄22.31萬(wan)只,其中(zhong)特、一(yi)級羊(yang)(yang)(yang)14.5萬(wan)只,并在州內外廣泛推廣,其適(shi)應性和(he)(he)雜交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)效果良(liang)好。 2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月通過國(guo)家畜(chu)禽遺傳資(zi)源委(wei)員(yuan)會審定并正式命名,是(shi)我國(guo)培育(yu)的第(di)一(yi)個(ge)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品種(zhong)(證(zheng)(zheng)書編號:農(nong)03新(xin)品種(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)字第(di)6號),填補了我國(guo)養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)業中(zhong)的空(kong)白(bai)。
二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)理特(te)征:涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)彝族(zu)自治州位于四(si)川(chuan)省西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部(bu),北(bei)起(qi)大(da)(da)渡河,接(jie)川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di),靠雅安(an)、甘(gan)孜兩(liang)市(shi)(州),南(nan)至金(jin)沙江(jiang)河谷(gu),接(jie)攀枝(zhi)花(hua)市(shi),東(dong)(dong)臨金(jin)沙江(jiang)與(yu)云南(nan)省隔江(jiang)相(xiang)(xiang)望,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)低(di)與(yu)樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、宜賓兩(liang)地(di)(di)(di)接(jie)壤。地(di)(di)(di)理處(chu)于青藏高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原、云貴高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原向四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過度(du)帶,西(xi)(xi)(xi)跨(kua)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系,地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)輪廓(kuo)較為(wei)復雜多樣(yang)(yang),其主要(yao)(yao)特(te)征是:第(di)(di)一(yi),北(bei)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)低(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)向東(dong)(dong)南(nan)傾斜。第(di)(di)二,地(di)(di)(di)勢起(qi)伏大(da)(da),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)差(cha)懸殊。川(chuan)內(nei)海(hai)拔最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)木(mu)里(li)縣境(jing)內(nei)5958米(mi)(mi),海(hai)拔最低(di)處(chu)為(wei)雷波(bo)縣境(jing)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)巖洞(dong)金(jin)沙江(jiang)谷(gu)底,僅有(you)325米(mi)(mi),相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)達到5633米(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)三(san)(san),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)相(xiang)(xiang)間排列,切(qie)割(ge)強烈,谷(gu)深坡(po)陡(dou)。第(di)(di)四(si),峰巒重迭,而且多樣(yang)(yang)類(lei)型(xing)。如黃(huang)茅(mao)埂(geng)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong),稱(cheng)小涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)切(qie)割(ge)破碎,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)坡(po)陡(dou);黃(huang)茅(mao)埂(geng)以(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)稱(cheng)大(da)(da)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)切(qie)割(ge)微(wei)弱,主要(yao)(yao)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型(xing)為(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)或中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原,超過4000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)很少(shao),它又是云貴高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原向北(bei)伸廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)角。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主要(yao)(yao)是屬(shu)(shu)于橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,分屬(shu)(shu)沙魯里(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小相(xiang)(xiang)嶺(ling)—魯南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)小涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系。州內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈大(da)(da)都呈南(nan)北(bei)走向,從西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)到東(dong)(dong)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布是:柏林山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魯南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、錦(jin)屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、牦牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、螺吉(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小相(xiang)(xiang)嶺(ling)、大(da)(da)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州由(you)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多,水深水急,地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)相(xiang)(xiang)嵌成(cheng)一(yi)個雄(xiong)偉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu),富饒美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)川(chuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)。州內(nei)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主,海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于1000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)共(gong)有(you)565.18萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)州幅員(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)93.6%,其中(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)低(di)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、極高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)535.05萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)州幅員(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)88.5%。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半細(xi)毛羊主要(yao)(yao)分布在海(hai)拔1500—4000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區幅員(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)500.96萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。全(quan)(quan)州天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)241.16萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃,是耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.48倍,可利用(yong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)198.71萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)規(gui)模既(ji)有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成(cheng)片草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di),也(ye)有(you)村莊附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零星(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di),全(quan)(quan)州共(gong)有(you)成(cheng)片草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)3504塊,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)215.51萬(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃,占(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)89.36%,草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)共(gong)有(you)13類(lei),33個組,93個型(xing),天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)多達155科(ke)(ke),782屬(shu)(shu),2106種,其中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)1909種,占(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90.6%,飼(si)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)約占(zhan)(zhan)75%左右(you)。飼(si)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)既(ji)有(you)大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)禾本(ben)科(ke)(ke)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao),也(ye)有(you)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆科(ke)(ke)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao),各類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)優(you)、良、中(zhong)三(san)(san)等以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)(zhan)絕對(dui)重量優(you)勢,一(yi)般都在60%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)單位面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)測定鮮(xian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)產量為(wei)每(mei)公(gong)頃2348.3—17142公(gong)斤,全(quan)(quan)州平均為(wei)5942.5公(gong)斤。人工牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)主要(yao)(yao)種植(zhi)白(bai)三(san)(san)葉(xie)、多年生黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)、光(guang)葉(xie)紫花(hua)苕(tiao)、紫花(hua)苜蓿等。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi):涼山州(zhou)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富(fu)。主(zhu)要(yao)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)金沙江(jiang)(jiang)、雅礱江(jiang)(jiang)、大(da)(da)渡河(he)(he)(he)三大(da)(da)干(gan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),金沙江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經州(zhou)內(nei)會(hui)理(li)(li)、會(hui)東、寧南、布拖、金陽(yang)和(he)雷(lei)波等6個(ge)縣,州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)長598.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)2.489萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。主(zhu)要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)塵河(he)(he)(he),鲹魚河(he)(he)(he)、黑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、西溪河(he)(he)(he)、溜(liu)筒(tong)河(he)(he)(he)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洛(luo)河(he)(he)(he)。雅礱江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經木里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、鹽源、冕(mian)寧、西昌和(he)德(de)昌,州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)長448公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)2.29萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),主(zhu)要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)安(an)寧河(he)(he)(he)、理(li)(li)塘(tang)河(he)(he)(he)、臥(wo)落河(he)(he)(he)、孫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)。大(da)(da)渡河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)長35公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4526平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),主(zhu)要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)泥日(ri)河(he)(he)(he)匯入。涼山州(zhou)境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)縱(zong)橫交(jiao)錯(cuo),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)500—1000平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)22條,100—500平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)達(da)160條。境(jing)內(nei)各河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)部分靠降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補充,在(zai)地(di)域(yu)上的(de)(de)變(bian)化很大(da)(da),時(shi)空分布也不(bu)均(jun)勻,但總(zong)體上屬(shu)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu),高(gao)于全(quan)省、全(quan)國(guo)平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)。州(zhou)內(nei)洪枯(ku)季節變(bian)化明顯,一般5—10月洪汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)(qi),11月到次年(nian)(nian)4月為枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi),汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)(qi)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)一般占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)85%以上,汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)(qi)平(ping)均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)的(de)(de)67.5%—88.6%,而枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)僅占(zhan)年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)量(liang)的(de)(de)11.4%—32.5%。由于降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)(de)嚴重失(shi)衡,加之草(cao)(cao)地(di)、林地(di)的(de)(de)生態(tai)保護滯后,導致我州(zhou)自然(ran)災害(hai)較為頻繁(fan)。每年(nian)(nian)汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)(qi)來(lai)臨時(shi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)嚴重,泥石流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)損毀草(cao)(cao)地(di)草(cao)(cao)場、畜圈和(he)牲(sheng)畜傷亡。而枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)(qi)干(gan)旱少雨(yu),牧草(cao)(cao)生長發育遲緩,草(cao)(cao)料(liao)供給(gei)不(bu)足,牲(sheng)畜飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)困難,制約著草(cao)(cao)食畜的(de)(de)快速健康發展。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)條件(jian):涼山州屬亞(ya)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)10.1—19.3℃,≥10.0℃的有(you)(you)效年(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2380—6352℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數1227—2603小(xiao)時(shi),太陽(yang)輻(fu)射量(liang)91.8—145.5千卡/平(ping)(ping)方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi),無霜期(qi)201—321天(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)796—1164毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。由(you)于受地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌等多(duo)種因素的影響,州內氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型多(duo)種多(duo)樣,獨(du)具特點。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)垂直變化(hua)大,水平(ping)(ping)區間有(you)(you)明顯差(cha)(cha)異,素有(you)(you)“一(yi)山有(you)(you)四(si)季(ji),十里不(bu)同(tong)天(tian)”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。以小(xiao)相嶺和(he)黃茅(mao)埂為界,具有(you)(you)南干北(bei)濕、東(dong)潤西(xi)燥、低熱(re)(re)(re)(re)高涼的特征。西(xi)部(bu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)、干燥,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.5—12.4℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)793—828毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照長達(da)2600小(xiao)時(shi);南部(bu)和(he)東(dong)部(bu)海拔1200米(mi)(mi)以下的干熱(re)(re)(re)(re)河(he)谷,是(shi)(shi)典型的南亞(ya)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),素有(you)(you)“熱(re)(re)(re)(re)帶(dai)非(fei)地(di)(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,被譽為“不(bu)是(shi)(shi)海南,勝似(si)海南”,是(shi)(shi)全省熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)最(zui)好的地(di)(di)段。西(xi)南及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)地(di)(di)區,光熱(re)(re)(re)(re)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)充足(zu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)12.0—17.0℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照1700—2600小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)1000—1400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi);北(bei)部(bu)山地(di)(di)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時(shi)數1600-1800小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)13.0-16.0℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)1000毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)集中(zhong)(zhong),干濕季(ji)節分(fen)明,夏半年(nian)(nian)(nian)云雨(yu)(yu)較多(duo),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)涼爽(shuang),冬半年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照充足(zu),少雨(yu)(yu)干暖(nuan)。一(yi)般5—10月(yue)(yue)份(fen)為雨(yu)(yu)季(ji),降水量(liang)占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降量(liang)的90%以上。三是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)小(xiao),日(ri)(ri)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)(cha)大,冬暖(nuan)夏涼,四(si)季(ji)如春。最(zui)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)月(yue)(yue)為七月(yue)(yue)份(fen),各縣月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)在17.0—24.4℃之(zhi)(zhi)間,最(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)為一(yi)月(yue)(yue)份(fen),月(yue)(yue)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)在1.6—10.8℃之(zhi)(zhi)間。
三.地域范圍
涼山半細毛羊(yang)地理(li)標(biao)志畜產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地范圍為(wei)四川省(sheng)涼山彝(yi)族自治州所轄的會東、寧南、普格(ge)、布拖、昭覺、金陽、美姑(gu)、雷波、越西、甘(gan)洛、喜(xi)德、冕寧、鹽源13個(ge)縣472個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮2949個(ge)行政村(cun)5512個(ge)村(cun)民小(xiao)組,幅員面(mian)積(ji)(ji)37710平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),其地理(li)坐標(biao)為(wei)東經108°04'—103°52',北(bei)緯26°03'—29°18'。其中保護面(mian)積(ji)(ji)2694平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)1536平方(fang)公(gong)里(li),年存欄(lan)187萬(wan)只,年產(chan)量154萬(wan)只。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)涼(liang)山半細毛羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)質感官特(te)(te)征:宰殺后,肌肉(rou)(rou)豐滿緊密、有(you)堅實(shi)感、顏色鮮(xian)艷(yan)、光澤潤(run)(run)滑(hua)、水嫩(nen)多汁、紅色均勻,用(yong)手觸摸(mo)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)不粘(zhan)手、肌纖維韌性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、有(you)彈性(xing)(xing),胴體表(biao)面(mian)被覆一層薄(bo)薄(bo)的(de)(de)白色、均勻的(de)(de)脂肪(fang)分布(bu),無膻味(wei)。煮沸后的(de)(de)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)湯(tang)澄(cheng)清透明(ming),羊(yang)脂團浮聚(ju)于(yu)湯(tang)表(biao)面(mian),香氣四溢(yi),風味(wei)十足,具(ju)有(you)鮮(xian)、香、濃等特(te)(te)色。
(2)涼山半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)肉(rou)內在品質指標和風味(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)征:涼山半(ban)細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)羊(yang)肉(rou)經(jing)測(ce)定(ding):水份含(han)(han)(han)量為70.90%,蛋白(bai)質含(han)(han)(han)量23.31%,脂肪含(han)(han)(han)量7.34%,灰(hui)分含(han)(han)(han)量0.85%。肌(ji)肉(rou)中(zhong)富含(han)(han)(han)多種氨(an)(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan),其中(zhong)賴氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)4.93%、組氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)1.85%、氨(an)(an)精酸(suan)(suan)(suan)3.89%、蘇氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.64%、纈氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.75%、蛋氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)1.24%、異(yi)亮氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.69%、亮氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)4.77%、苯丙氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.37%。屠宰(zai)率高且鮮(xian)(xian)肉(rou)色澤純正,具有清香味(wei)(wei)(wei),熟(shu)肉(rou)肉(rou)質細(xi)嫩鮮(xian)(xian)美,肉(rou)湯香味(wei)(wei)(wei)濃郁,風味(wei)(wei)(wei)獨特(te)。
(3)安全生產(chan)和產(chan)品質量控制(zhi):產(chan)地環境(jing)(jing)、飼料環境(jing)(jing)、飼養(yang)管理、飲用(yong)水、獸藥的使用(yong)、疫病防(fang)治均符合地理標志保護(hu)相關規定(ding)。