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一.產品介紹

涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山彝(yi)族自(zi)治州是(shi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)彝(yi)族聚居最多(duo)的(de)地區(qu)，綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)彝(yi)族人民在(zai)婚喪嫁娶(qu)、過年過節、走(zou)親訪友、招(zhao)待貴(gui)客時必須宰殺的(de)牲畜，它的(de)地位僅次于牛。涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)彝(yi)族人民傳統的(de)生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活資料，價格適中(zhong)，因此，在(zai)彝(yi)族人民的(de)生(sheng)活中(zhong)具有不可替代(dai)(dai)的(de)作用。 涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培育起始(shi)于20世紀50年代(dai)(dai)后期，至(zhi)70年代(dai)(dai)初為細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)階段：引進(jin)新(xin)(xin)疆細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)雜交改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)試驗，并(bing)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)州推(tui)廣，到(dao)1974年改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)5.8萬只(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)逐步建(jian)立了多(duo)個州屬(shu)和縣(xian)屬(shu)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場。但(dan)是(shi)，由于細(xi)(xi)毛改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)對當地雨季潮濕、炎熱(re)氣候適應較(jiao)差，不宜(yi)于制作披氈(zhan)、察爾瓦等(deng)，群眾(zhong)對細(xi)(xi)毛改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)積極(ji)性不高，致使改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)步伐緩(huan)慢。1966年開始(shi)從國(guo)外(wai)(wai)引入(ru)邊區(qu)萊斯(si)特(te)以及羅姆尼(ni)等(deng)半細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與細(xi)(xi)毛改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)后代(dai)(dai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)雜交組合試驗，至(zhi)1986年全(quan)(quan)州半細(xi)(xi)毛改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)11.85萬只(zhi)(zhi)。1986年國(guo)家(jia)科(ke)委(wei)(wei)、農業部將培育48—50支(zhi)粗檔(dang)半細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)連續納入(ru)國(guo)家(jia)“七五”、“八(ba)五”、“九(jiu)五”重點(dian)科(ke)技攻關計劃，由涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山州畜牧局主(zhu)持，組織四川農業大學(xue)、四川省畜牧獸醫研(yan)(yan)究所(suo)、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山州畜牧獸醫科(ke)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究所(suo)等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)聯合攻關。到(dao)1995年，成(cheng)功育成(cheng)了涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半細(xi)(xi)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)，存(cun)欄11萬余只(zhi)(zhi)，其中(zhong)特(te)一級(ji)公(gong)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)到(dao)5190只(zhi)(zhi)，等(deng)級(ji)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)到(dao)35237只(zhi)(zhi)，基礎(chu)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達(da)到(dao)45958只(zhi)(zhi)。2007年存(cun)欄22.31萬只(zhi)(zhi)，其中(zhong)特(te)、一級(ji)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)14.5萬只(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)在(zai)州內外(wai)(wai)廣泛推(tui)廣，其適應性和雜交改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)(liang)效(xiao)果良(liang)(liang)(liang)好。 2009年10月通(tong)過國(guo)家(jia)畜禽遺傳資源(yuan)委(wei)(wei)員會審定并(bing)正(zheng)式(shi)命名(ming)，是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)培育的(de)第一個半細(xi)(xi)毛羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)（證書(shu)編(bian)號：農03新(xin)(xin)品種(zhong)證字第6號），填(tian)補了我(wo)國(guo)養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業中(zhong)的(de)空白。

二.自然生(sheng)態環境(jing)和人(ren)文(wen)歷史因(yin)素

（1）地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)特征(zheng)：涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)彝族(zu)自治(zhi)州(zhou)位于(yu)(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)，北(bei)起大(da)(da)(da)(da)渡河，接川(chuan)(chuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)(yuan)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，靠(kao)雅安、甘孜(zi)兩市（州(zhou)），南(nan)(nan)至金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)河谷，接攀枝花市，東(dong)臨(lin)金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)與云(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)隔江(jiang)相(xiang)望，東(dong)北(bei)低與樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、宜賓(bin)兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)接壤(rang)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)青藏(zang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)、云(yun)(yun)貴高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)向四川(chuan)(chuan)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過度帶，西(xi)(xi)(xi)跨橫斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系，地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌輪廓較為(wei)(wei)復雜多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)，其主(zhu)(zhu)要特征(zheng)是：第(di)(di)(di)一，北(bei)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)低，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)向東(dong)南(nan)(nan)傾斜。第(di)(di)(di)二，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢起伏大(da)(da)(da)(da)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)差懸殊。川(chuan)(chuan)內海(hai)拔最高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)處(chu)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)部(bu)木里縣(xian)境內5958米(mi)(mi)，海(hai)拔最低處(chu)為(wei)(wei)雷波縣(xian)境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)巖洞金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)谷底，僅有(you)325米(mi)(mi)，相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度達到(dao)5633米(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)(chuan)相(xiang)間排列，切割(ge)強烈(lie)，谷深坡陡。第(di)(di)(di)四，峰巒(luan)重迭(die)，而且多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)類(lei)型。如黃茅埂以(yi)東(dong)，稱(cheng)小(xiao)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)切割(ge)破(po)碎，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)坡陡；黃茅埂以(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)稱(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)切割(ge)微弱，主(zhu)(zhu)要地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)型為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)或中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)(yuan)，超(chao)過4000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)很少(shao)，它(ta)又是云(yun)(yun)貴高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)向北(bei)伸廷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一角。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)主(zhu)(zhu)要是屬于(yu)(yu)橫斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)，分屬沙(sha)(sha)魯里山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)相(xiang)嶺—魯南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系。州(zhou)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)都呈南(nan)(nan)北(bei)走(zou)向，從(cong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)到(dao)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分布是：柏林山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魯南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、錦屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、牦牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、螺吉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)相(xiang)嶺、大(da)(da)(da)(da)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州(zhou)由(you)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)(duo)，水深水急，地(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌相(xiang)嵌成(cheng)一個(ge)雄偉(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽谷，富饒美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)川(chuan)(chuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。州(zhou)內以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)1000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)(yuan)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)共有(you)565.18萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)幅(fu)(fu)員(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)93.6%，其中(zhong)屬低中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、極高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)535.05萬(wan)(wan)畝，占全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)幅(fu)(fu)員(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)88.5%。涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半細毛(mao)羊(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)要分布在海(hai)拔1500—4000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區幅(fu)(fu)員(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)500.96萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)241.16萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，是耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7.48倍，可(ke)利用(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)198.71萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)規模既有(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成(cheng)片草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，也有(you)村莊附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零星草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)共有(you)成(cheng)片草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)3504塊(kuai)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)215.51萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，占草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)89.36%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)共有(you)13類(lei)，33個(ge)組，93個(ge)型，天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)達155科，782屬，2106種，其中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)1909種，占草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)90.6%，飼用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)約(yue)占75%左右。飼用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)既有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質禾本(ben)(ben)科牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)，也有(you)品質優(you)(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豆科牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)，各類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)優(you)(you)、良(liang)、中(zhong)三(san)(san)等(deng)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)占絕對(dui)重量(liang)優(you)(you)勢，一般都在60%以(yi)上。天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)單位面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)測定鮮(xian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)產量(liang)為(wei)(wei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)2348.3—17142公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤，全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)5942.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤。人工牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)主(zhu)(zhu)要種植(zhi)白三(san)(san)葉、多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)黑麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)、光(guang)葉紫(zi)花苕、紫(zi)花苜蓿(xu)等(deng)。 

（2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)：涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富。主要(yao)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)金沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)、雅(ya)礱(long)江(jiang)(jiang)、大渡河(he)(he)(he)三大干流(liu)(liu)(liu)，金沙(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)州(zhou)內(nei)會理、會東、寧南、布(bu)拖、金陽和雷波等6個(ge)縣，州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)(quan)長598.7公(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積2.489萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。主要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)塵河(he)(he)(he)，鲹(shen)魚(yu)河(he)(he)(he)、黑(hei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、西溪河(he)(he)(he)、溜筒河(he)(he)(he)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洛河(he)(he)(he)。雅(ya)礱(long)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)木里(li)、鹽源、冕寧、西昌(chang)和德昌(chang)，州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)(quan)長448公(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積2.29萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，主要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)安(an)寧河(he)(he)(he)、理塘河(he)(he)(he)、臥落河(he)(he)(he)、孫(sun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)。大渡河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)州(zhou)內(nei)全(quan)(quan)長35公(gong)里(li)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積4526平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，主要(yao)支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)泥(ni)日(ri)河(he)(he)(he)匯入。涼(liang)山(shan)州(zhou)境內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)縱(zong)橫交錯，流(liu)(liu)(liu)域500—1000平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)(you)22條，100—500平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)的河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)達160條。境內(nei)各河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大部分靠降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補充，在(zai)地(di)(di)域上(shang)的變(bian)化很大，時(shi)空分布(bu)也不(bu)均勻，但總體上(shang)屬于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量豐(feng)富，高于(yu)全(quan)(quan)省、全(quan)(quan)國平均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平。州(zhou)內(nei)洪枯(ku)季(ji)節(jie)變(bian)化明顯，一般(ban)5—10月(yue)(yue)洪汛(xun)期(qi)，11月(yue)(yue)到次年4月(yue)(yue)為枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)，汛(xun)期(qi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量一般(ban)占(zhan)年降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量85%以上(shang)，汛(xun)期(qi)平均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量占(zhan)年徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量的67.5%—88.6%，而(er)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量僅占(zhan)年徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量的11.4%—32.5%。由于(yu)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的嚴重失(shi)衡，加(jia)之草(cao)地(di)(di)、林地(di)(di)的生態保護滯(zhi)后，導致我州(zhou)自然災害較為頻(pin)繁。每年汛(xun)期(qi)來臨時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土流(liu)(liu)(liu)失(shi)嚴重，泥(ni)石(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)損(sun)毀草(cao)地(di)(di)草(cao)場、畜圈和牲畜傷亡。而(er)枯(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)干旱少雨，牧草(cao)生長發育遲緩，草(cao)料供給不(bu)足(zu)，牲畜飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)困(kun)難，制(zhi)約(yue)著(zhu)草(cao)食畜的快速(su)健康發展(zhan)。 

（3）氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件：涼山(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)屬亞熱(re)(re)帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)10.1—19.3℃，≥10.0℃的有(you)效年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)2380—6352℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1227—2603小時(shi)，太陽輻射量91.8—145.5千卡/平方(fang)厘米(mi)(mi)，無霜期(qi)201—321天(tian)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)雨(yu)量796—1164毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)。由于受(shou)地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)等多種(zhong)因素的影響，州(zhou)(zhou)內氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)類型多種(zhong)多樣，獨具特點。一是(shi)垂直變化大(da)，水(shui)(shui)平區(qu)間有(you)明顯差異，素有(you)“一山(shan)有(you)四(si)季(ji)，十里(li)不同天(tian)”之說。以小相嶺和(he)黃(huang)茅埂為(wei)(wei)(wei)界，具有(you)南(nan)(nan)(nan)干北濕、東潤(run)西(xi)燥(zao)、低熱(re)(re)高(gao)涼的特征。西(xi)部氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)、干燥(zao)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.5—12.4℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量793—828毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)長達(da)2600小時(shi)；南(nan)(nan)(nan)部和(he)東部海(hai)拔1200米(mi)(mi)以下(xia)的干熱(re)(re)河谷，是(shi)典(dian)型的南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞熱(re)(re)帶氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)，素有(you)“熱(re)(re)帶非地(di)(di)”之稱(cheng)，被譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不是(shi)海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，勝似海(hai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)”，是(shi)全省熱(re)(re)量資源最好的地(di)(di)段。西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)及中部地(di)(di)區(qu)，光熱(re)(re)資源充足(zu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均溫(wen)(wen)12.0—17.0℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)1700—2600小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量1000—1400毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)；北部山(shan)地(di)(di)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)1600-1800小時(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均溫(wen)(wen)13.0-16.0℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量1000毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)左右。二是(shi)降(jiang)雨(yu)量集中，干濕季(ji)節分明，夏半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)云雨(yu)較(jiao)多，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)涼爽，冬半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)充足(zu)，少雨(yu)干暖。一般5—10月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)雨(yu)季(ji)，降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)量的90%以上(shang)。三是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)(wen)差小，日溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)，冬暖夏涼，四(si)季(ji)如春。最熱(re)(re)月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)，各(ge)縣月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)17.0—24.4℃之間，最冷月(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一月(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)1.6—10.8℃之間。

三.地域范圍

涼(liang)山半細(xi)毛(mao)羊(yang)地(di)理標(biao)志畜產(chan)品產(chan)地(di)范圍(wei)為四(si)川省涼(liang)山彝(yi)族(zu)自治(zhi)州所轄的(de)會東、寧南(nan)、普格、布拖(tuo)、昭(zhao)覺、金(jin)陽、美姑、雷波、越西、甘(gan)洛(luo)、喜德、冕寧、鹽源13個(ge)縣472個(ge)鄉鎮2949個(ge)行政村(cun)5512個(ge)村(cun)民小(xiao)組(zu)，幅員面積(ji)37710平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，其(qi)地(di)理坐標(biao)為東經108°04'—103°52'，北緯26°03'—29°18'。其(qi)中保護面積(ji)2694平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，生產(chan)面積(ji)1536平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，年(nian)存欄187萬只，年(nian)產(chan)量154萬只。

四.產品品質特性(xing)特征

（1）涼山半細毛(mao)羊肉質(zhi)感官特(te)征：宰殺(sha)后，肌(ji)肉豐滿緊密、有堅實感、顏色鮮(xian)(xian)艷、光澤潤滑、水嫩多汁、紅(hong)色均(jun)(jun)勻，用(yong)手(shou)觸(chu)摸濕潤不粘手(shou)、肌(ji)纖維韌性強(qiang)、有彈(dan)性，胴體表面被(bei)覆一層薄薄的(de)白色、均(jun)(jun)勻的(de)脂肪分布(bu)，無膻(shan)味。煮沸(fei)后的(de)羊肉湯澄清透明，羊脂團浮聚于湯表面，香氣四(si)溢(yi)，風味十(shi)足，具有鮮(xian)(xian)、香、濃等特(te)色。

（2）涼山半細(xi)毛羊肉(rou)內在品質指標(biao)和風(feng)味(wei)特征：涼山半細(xi)毛羊羊肉(rou)經(jing)測(ce)定：水(shui)份含(han)量(liang)為70.90%，蛋(dan)白質含(han)量(liang)23.31%，脂肪含(han)量(liang)7.34%，灰分(fen)含(han)量(liang)0.85%。肌肉(rou)中(zhong)富含(han)多種(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan)，其中(zhong)賴氨(an)酸(suan)4.93%、組氨(an)酸(suan)1.85%、氨(an)精酸(suan)3.89%、蘇氨(an)酸(suan)2.64%、纈氨(an)酸(suan)2.75%、蛋(dan)氨(an)酸(suan)1.24%、異亮氨(an)酸(suan)2.69%、亮氨(an)酸(suan)4.77%、苯丙氨(an)酸(suan)2.37%。屠(tu)宰率高且鮮肉(rou)色澤純正，具有清香(xiang)味(wei)，熟肉(rou)肉(rou)質細(xi)嫩鮮美，肉(rou)湯香(xiang)味(wei)濃郁(yu)，風(feng)味(wei)獨(du)特。 

（3）安全生(sheng)產(chan)和產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量控(kong)制：產(chan)地環境、飼料環境、飼養管理、飲用水(shui)、獸藥的使用、疫病(bing)防治(zhi)均符合(he)地理標志保護(hu)相關規定(ding)。