芡實和蓮(lian)子(zi)之間有什么異(yi)同?
蓮(lian)子:是(shi)睡(shui)蓮(lian)科(ke)多年生(sheng)(sheng)水生(sheng)(sheng)植物(wu)蓮(lian)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟種子,主產(chan)于湖南(nan)、福建、江蘇(su)等(deng)地(di),以(yi)秋季采收的(de)(de)種子入(ru)藥(yao),生(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)。芡實為睡(shui)蓮(lian)科(ke)一年生(sheng)(sheng)水生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本植物(wu)芡的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟種仁(ren),主產(chan)于山東、安徽、江蘇(su)等(deng)地(di),以(yi)秋末冬(dong)初采收的(de)(de)種仁(ren)入(ru)藥(yao),生(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)或(huo)炒用(yong)。
芡實:一(yi)年生(sheng)大型水生(sheng)草本(ben)。沉水葉(xie)箭形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢圓腎形(xing)(xing)(xing),兩(liang)面無(wu)刺(ci);葉(xie)柄無(wu)刺(ci);浮水葉(xie)革質,橢圓腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)至圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),盾狀(zhuang),有(you)或無(wu)彎缺(que),全緣,下面帶紫(zi)(zi)色(se)(se),有(you)短(duan)柔(rou)毛,兩(liang)面在葉(xie)脈分枝處有(you)銳刺(ci);葉(xie)柄及花(hua)(hua)梗粗壯,花(hua)(hua)長約(yue)5厘米(mi);萼(e)片披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),內面紫(zi)(zi)色(se)(se),外面密(mi)生(sheng)稍(shao)彎硬(ying)刺(ci);花(hua)(hua)瓣矩圓披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se),成(cheng)數輪排列(lie),向內漸變成(cheng)雄蕊;無(wu)花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu),柱(zhu)頭(tou)紅色(se)(se),成(cheng)凹入(ru)的柱(zhu)頭(tou)盤。漿果球形(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑3-5厘米(mi),污紫(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se),外面密(mi)生(sheng)硬(ying)刺(ci);種子(zi)球形(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑10余(yu)毫(hao)米(mi),黑(hei)色(se)(se)。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)7-8月,果期(qi)8-9月。
相(xiang)同點:二(er)者(zhe)味甘澀(se)而(er)性平(ping),均(jun)歸脾腎(shen)經,其甘可(ke)補(bu)脾,澀(se)可(ke)固(gu)(gu)腎(shen),能止瀉(xie)、止帶、固(gu)(gu)精(jing)。可(ke)治脾虛(xu)久(jiu)瀉(xie)、脾腎(shen)虧虛(xu)之帶下病、腎(shen)虛(xu)尿(niao)頻、滑(hua)精(jing)、遺精(jing)及小(xiao)便不禁等證(zheng)。二(er)者(zhe)還常配伍為用以增強療(liao)效。二(er)者(zhe)均(jun)富含(han)營養成分,可(ke)作食品服用。
不(bu)同(tong)點:蓮子的補(bu)(bu)脾之(zhi)力(li)較芡實(shi)強(qiang)(qiang),素有“脾果”之(zhi)稱。可(ke)兼入心(xin)經,能(neng)補(bu)(bu)益心(xin)氣安神(shen),可(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)虛(xu)不(bu)寐之(zhi)證,但其性平(ping)和(he)。芡實(shi)的除(chu)濕之(zhi)力(li)強(qiang)(qiang)于(yu)蓮子,斂而不(bu)燥不(bu)膩不(bu)留(liu)邪,治(zhi)(zhi)療脾腎氣虛(xu),不(bu)能(neng)制水、泛濫橫溢所致水腫者常用(yong),但作用(yong)平(ping)和(he)。生(sheng)芡實(shi)以補(bu)(bu)腎澀(se)精為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),而炒(chao)芡實(shi)以健(jian)脾開胃(wei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),亦有將芡實(shi)炒(chao)焦使用(yong)的,主(zhu)(zhu)要以補(bu)(bu)脾止瀉為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。