什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包(bao)含了串聯(lian)式(shi)和(he)并聯(lian)式(shi)的(de)特點。動(dong)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)包(bao)括發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)，根(gen)據助力裝(zhuang)置不(bu)同(tong)，它(ta)又分為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)主和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)主兩(liang)種動(dong)力形式(shi)。這兩(liang)種動(dong)力單元既可以單獨驅動(dong)車輛，也可以共(gong)同(tong)協(xie)作(zuo)。同(tong)時(shi)混聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)由(you)于具有單獨的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，不(bu)再像并聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)那樣(yang)使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)，因此發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)還(huan)可以與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)共(gong)同(tong)工作(zuo)時(shi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。混聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)各有一(yi)套機(ji)(ji)械變速(su)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，通過齒(chi)輪系(xi)(xi)(xi)或采用(yong)(yong)行星輪式(shi)結構(gou)結合在一(yi)起，從而綜合調節(jie)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)。

混(hun)聯(lian)結構在(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同(tong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)行駛(shi)的(de)同(tong)時，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還能帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池充電(dian)，不再像并聯(lian)結構中單一(yi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要身(shen)兼兩職(zhi)，并且理(li)論上它能夠(gou)實現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)的(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式。因此，混(hun)聯(lian)結構的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式有，純(chun)電(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、純(chun)油模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、混(hun)合模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、充電(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用(yong)到(dao)最多的(de)是(shi)(shi)混(hun)聯混(hun)動系統(tong)。該結(jie)構的(de)優點是(shi)(shi)控制方(fang)便，缺(que)點是(shi)(shi)結(jie)構比較復雜，成(cheng)本高。從理論上講，混(hun)聯式(shi)混(hun)合動力系統(tong)可以實現串聯（即(ji)增程式(shi)）的(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)。而(er)與并聯式(shi)混(hun)合動力系統(tong)相比，混(hun)聯式(shi)動力系統(tong)可以更加靈活地根據工況來調(diao)節內(nei)燃機的(de)功率輸出和(he)電機的(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)全力驅動(dong)(dong)車輛時(shi)也(ye)不用擔心電量(liang)消耗的(de)問題。并且得益于“ECVT”的(de)加入(ru)，使(shi)電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)和發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)配合更(geng)加默(mo)契，能夠適應(ying)的(de)工況更(geng)多，節油效果更(geng)加出色。

不過由于混聯結構更(geng)(geng)加復雜(za)，相應車(che)型的價格也更(geng)(geng)高，而且由于“ECVT”存在技(ji)術壟(long)斷，其(qi)他廠家無(wu)法選擇，但(dan)是隨著豐(feng)田專利的到期，相信(xin)未來將會有更(geng)(geng)多的混聯車(che)型推(tui)出(chu)。