什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含了串聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)和(he)(he)并聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)的(de)(de)特點。動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)包括(kuo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，根據助力(li)(li)(li)裝置不(bu)同(tong)，它又分為(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主兩種動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)形式(shi)。這兩種動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)單(dan)元既可以單(dan)獨(du)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)，也可以共同(tong)協作。同(tong)時混聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)統(tong)由(you)于具(ju)有單(dan)獨(du)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)再像(xiang)并聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)統(tong)那樣使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作為(wei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，因此發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還可以與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)工(gong)作時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。混聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)各有一套機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)變速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構，通(tong)過(guo)齒輪系(xi)或(huo)采(cai)用(yong)行星輪式(shi)結構結合(he)在一起，從而(er)綜(zong)合(he)調(diao)節內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)的(de)(de)轉速(su)關系(xi)。

混聯(lian)結構在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛行駛的(de)同時，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還能帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不再像并(bing)聯(lian)結構中單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要身兼兩職，并(bing)且(qie)理論(lun)上它能夠(gou)實現(xian)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛的(de)模(mo)(mo)式。因此，混聯(lian)結構的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)式有，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式、純油模(mo)(mo)式、混合模(mo)(mo)式、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用到最多的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)混(hun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)混(hun)動(dong)系統。該結構的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)是(shi)(shi)控制方(fang)(fang)便，缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)結構比較復雜(za)，成本高(gao)。從理論上講(jiang)，混(hun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)式(shi)混(hun)合動(dong)力(li)系統可以實現串聯(lian)(lian)(lian)（即增(zeng)程式(shi)）的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。而與并聯(lian)(lian)(lian)式(shi)混(hun)合動(dong)力(li)系統相比，混(hun)聯(lian)(lian)(lian)式(shi)動(dong)力(li)系統可以更加靈活地根(gen)據工(gong)況來調(diao)節內(nei)燃機的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率輸出和電機的(de)(de)(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)全力驅動(dong)(dong)車輛時(shi)也不用擔心電(dian)量消耗的問題。并且得益于“ECVT”的加入，使電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的配合(he)更(geng)加默(mo)契(qi)，能夠適(shi)應的工況更(geng)多(duo)，節油效(xiao)果更(geng)加出色。

不過由于(yu)混聯(lian)結構更(geng)加復雜(za)，相(xiang)應車型的(de)(de)價格也更(geng)高，而且(qie)由于(yu)“ECVT”存在技術壟斷，其他廠家無法(fa)選擇(ze)，但是隨著(zhu)豐(feng)田專利的(de)(de)到期，相(xiang)信未來將(jiang)會有(you)更(geng)多的(de)(de)混聯(lian)車型推出。