什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含了串聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)(shi)和并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)式(shi)(shi)的特點。動(dong)(dong)(dong)力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)包括發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，根據助力裝置(zhi)不同(tong)，它(ta)又(you)分為(wei)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)和電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)種動(dong)(dong)(dong)力形式(shi)(shi)。這兩(liang)(liang)種動(dong)(dong)(dong)力單(dan)(dan)元既(ji)可以單(dan)(dan)獨(du)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛，也可以共同(tong)協作。同(tong)時(shi)混(hun)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由于具有單(dan)(dan)獨(du)的發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，不再(zai)像并(bing)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)那樣(yang)使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作為(wei)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，因此發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還可以與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)工作時(shi)對電(dian)(dian)池組進行充電(dian)(dian)。混(hun)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各(ge)有一(yi)套機(ji)(ji)(ji)械變速機(ji)(ji)(ji)構，通過齒輪系(xi)(xi)或采用(yong)行星輪式(shi)(shi)結構結合(he)在一(yi)起，從(cong)而綜合(he)調節內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的轉(zhuan)速關(guan)系(xi)(xi)。

混聯結構在發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)協同(tong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)行駛的同(tong)時，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)還能(neng)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池充電(dian)，不再(zai)像并(bing)聯結構中單一(yi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)需要身兼兩(liang)職，并(bing)且理論上它(ta)能(neng)夠實現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)的模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。因此，混聯結構的驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有，純電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、純油模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、混合模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、充電(dian)模(mo)(mo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)四種(zhong)。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目(mu)前用(yong)到最(zui)多的(de)是(shi)混(hun)聯(lian)混(hun)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統。該結構的(de)優點(dian)是(shi)控制方便(bian)，缺點(dian)是(shi)結構比較復(fu)雜，成本高。從理論上講(jiang)，混(hun)聯(lian)式混(hun)合動(dong)(dong)力系(xi)(xi)統可(ke)以實現串聯(lian)（即(ji)增程式）的(de)工作方式。而與并聯(lian)式混(hun)合動(dong)(dong)力系(xi)(xi)統相比，混(hun)聯(lian)式動(dong)(dong)力系(xi)(xi)統可(ke)以更(geng)加(jia)靈活地(di)根據工況來調節(jie)內燃機的(de)功(gong)率(lv)輸出和(he)電機的(de)運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電動(dong)機(ji)全力(li)驅(qu)動(dong)車輛時也(ye)不(bu)用(yong)擔心(xin)電量(liang)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)問題。并且(qie)得益于“ECVT”的(de)(de)加(jia)入，使(shi)電動(dong)機(ji)和發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)配合更(geng)加(jia)默契(qi)，能夠適應(ying)的(de)(de)工(gong)況(kuang)更(geng)多，節油效果更(geng)加(jia)出色。

不過由于混(hun)聯結(jie)構更(geng)(geng)加(jia)復(fu)雜(za)，相(xiang)應車型(xing)的(de)價(jia)格也更(geng)(geng)高(gao)，而且由于“ECVT”存在(zai)技術壟斷，其他廠家(jia)無法選擇(ze)，但是(shi)隨著(zhu)豐(feng)田專利的(de)到期，相(xiang)信未來將會有更(geng)(geng)多的(de)混(hun)聯車型(xing)推(tui)出。