什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包(bao)含了串聯(lian)式(shi)和并聯(lian)式(shi)的特點。動(dong)(dong)(dong)力系統(tong)包(bao)括發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，根據(ju)助(zhu)力裝置(zhi)不同(tong)(tong)，它(ta)又分為發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為主和電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為主兩(liang)種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力形(xing)式(shi)。這兩(liang)種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力單(dan)元既可以(yi)單(dan)獨驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛，也(ye)可以(yi)共同(tong)(tong)協作(zuo)。同(tong)(tong)時混聯(lian)系統(tong)由(you)于具有(you)單(dan)獨的發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不再像并聯(lian)系統(tong)那樣使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使用(yong)(yong)，因此發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)還可以(yi)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)(tong)工作(zuo)時對電(dian)池組進行充電(dian)。混聯(lian)系統(tong)的內(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)和電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)各有(you)一(yi)套機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械變速(su)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)，通過齒輪(lun)系或采用(yong)(yong)行星輪(lun)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou)結(jie)合(he)在一(yi)起，從而綜合(he)調節內(nei)(nei)燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間的轉(zhuan)速(su)關系。

混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)(gou)在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛行(xing)駛的同時，發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還(huan)能(neng)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，不再像并聯(lian)結構(gou)(gou)中單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要(yao)身(shen)兼兩職，并且理(li)論(lun)上(shang)它能(neng)夠實現發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛的模(mo)(mo)(mo)式。因此，混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)(gou)的驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式有，純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、純(chun)油模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、混(hun)合模(mo)(mo)(mo)式、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用到最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)是混(hun)聯(lian)混(hun)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。該(gai)結構的(de)(de)優點是控制方(fang)便，缺點是結構比較復(fu)雜，成本(ben)高。從(cong)理論上(shang)講，混(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)混(hun)合動力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可以實現串(chuan)聯(lian)（即增(zeng)程式(shi)(shi)）的(de)(de)工作方(fang)式(shi)(shi)。而與并(bing)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)混(hun)合動力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)相比，混(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)(shi)動力系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可以更加靈活地(di)根據工況來調節(jie)內(nei)燃(ran)機的(de)(de)功率輸出和(he)電機的(de)(de)運轉(zhuan)。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機全力驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛時也不用擔心電(dian)(dian)量消耗的(de)問題。并且得益(yi)于“ECVT”的(de)加入，使電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機和發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)配合更(geng)加默契(qi)，能夠適應的(de)工況更(geng)多，節油效果(guo)更(geng)加出色。

不過由(you)于混(hun)聯(lian)結(jie)構更(geng)加復(fu)雜(za)，相(xiang)應車(che)型的價(jia)格也更(geng)高(gao)，而且由(you)于“ECVT”存在技術壟斷，其(qi)他廠(chang)家無法選擇，但是隨著豐田專(zhuan)利的到期，相(xiang)信未來將會有更(geng)多的混(hun)聯(lian)車(che)型推出(chu)。