黑龍江地區(qu)是一個多民(min)族、多宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)。主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有三種形式(shi):薩滿教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),是通古斯語(yu)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有少數民(min)族都信(xin)仰(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao);從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)及(ji)周圍地區(qu)傳入的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao);19世紀末傳入的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)東正教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西方國家宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。這些宗(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形式(shi)先后在白(bai)山黑水之間(jian),在不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族之中(zhong)(zhong)和不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域范圍內(nei)廣泛存在,并歷經了漫長的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史演變(bian)。
一.道教的傳入
道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)始于(yu)(yu)唐代(dai)(dai),興盛于(yu)(yu)金(jin)朝,在(zai)(zai)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)民國(guo)(guo)年間流(liu)傳較廣,其后漸衰(shuai),今略有(you)復興。唐高宗提(ti)倡佛、道(dao)(dao)并興,曾詔令全(quan)國(guo)(guo)各(ge)州各(ge)設一寺、一觀(guan)(guan)(guan),在(zai)(zai)這種情況下道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)由中原和朝鮮半島,傳入向(xiang)唐朝納貢稱臣的地(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)權——渤海國(guo)(guo),并在(zai)(zai)渤海國(guo)(guo)五京等(deng)地(di)(di)廣泛(fan)流(liu)傳。黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)最興盛、時(shi)期是金(jin)、清(qing)兩(liang)代(dai)(dai),保(bao)存較好(hao)的、最早的道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)遺址是阿(a)(a)城松鋒山(shan)(shan)(shan)的海云觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)的道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有(you)的從關(guan)內直接流(liu)入,但多(duo)數是從遼寧(ning)、吉林(lin)遞傳而來,舊《鐵剎山(shan)(shan)(shan)志》載(zai)黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)從韌于(yu)(yu)“三山(shan)(shan)(shan)”,即遼寧(ning)本溪(xi)的鐵剎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(云光洞)、千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(無量觀(guan)(guan)(guan)),及錦州北(bei)票的醫巫閭山(shan)(shan)(shan)(海云觀(guan)(guan)(guan))。清(qing)·同治三年,全(quan)真道(dao)(dao)龍(long)門派(pai)16代(dai)(dai)弟子王合祥在(zai)(zai)綏(sui)化創建祖師廟(miao),清(qing)·光緒18年,王教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參道(dao)(dao)士在(zai)(zai)阿(a)(a)城松鋒山(shan)(shan)(shan)太虛洞修建海云觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。此后,道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)發展迅速,僅(jin)寧(ning)安、綏(sui)化、延壽、巴(ba)彥就有(you)道(dao)(dao)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)80余(yu)處。目前,黑(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)著名(ming)的道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)廟(miao)宇有(you)阿(a)(a)城松鋒山(shan)(shan)(shan)海云觀(guan)(guan)(guan),虎(hu)林(lin)虎(hu)頭關(guan)帝廟(miao)和牡(mu)丹江(jiang)(jiang)天仙廟(miao)。
黑龍江現存(cun)的道教(jiao):齊齊哈爾市(shi)(shi)關(guan)帝廟(miao)、齊齊哈爾市(shi)(shi)萬(wan)善寺、虎林市(shi)(shi)虎頭鎮關(guan)帝廟(miao)、阿(a)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)松峰山海云觀、牡丹江市(shi)(shi)天仙(xian)廟(miao)。
二.佛教傳入
佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)傳(chuan)入始(shi)于(yu)唐代渤(bo)海國時(shi)期(qi)。公元755年(nian),渤(bo)海國遷都于(yu)上京忽汗城(cheng)(今寧(ning)安縣(xian)渤(bo)海鎮),據(ju)記載城(cheng)內(nei)至少有(you)九座佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)院(yuan)。同時(shi),來(lai)自西(xi)(xi)藏的佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(喇(la)嘛(ma)教(jiao))開始(shi)在蒙古族(zu)人(ren)居住的黑龍江(jiang)省西(xi)(xi)部地(di)(di)區(qu)傳(chuan)播,清朝初年(nian)在肇源縣(xian)建(jian)(jian)立(li)的衍福寺(si)僅(jin)幸存(cun)的東(dong)西(xi)(xi)白塔(ta)是黑龍江(jiang)省喇(la)嘛(ma)教(jiao)的惟一(yi)幸存(cun)。在牡丹江(jiang)地(di)(di)區(qu)寧(ning)安市(shi)至今仍(reng)保(bao)存(cun)較為完整的興(xing)(xing)隆寺(si)。其寺(si)院(yuan)結構與中原地(di)(di)區(qu)一(yi)脈相承。渤(bo)海國時(shi)期(qi)的珍稀(xi)文物有(you)大石佛(fo)(fo)(fo)和石燈(deng)幢(chuang)。金代,金都上京會寧(ning)府(fu)(今阿城(cheng)市(shi)境內(nei))城(cheng)內(nei)有(you)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)、佛(fo)(fo)(fo)塔(ta)多處,已知有(you)慶元、儲慶、興(xing)(xing)元、興(xing)(xing)王、寶勝、光林諸寺(si),其中儲慶寺(si)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)金都宮城(cheng)近側,專供王室(shi)皇眷拜(bai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之用,現已不復存(cun)在。
民國初年,哈爾濱市出現了(le)被稱為北(bei)方四大(da)佛(fo)教(jiao)叢林(長春的(de)(de)般若(ruo)寺(si)(si)、沈(shen)陽(yang)的(de)(de)恩(en)慈寺(si)(si)、營口(kou)的(de)(de)楞嚴寺(si)(si))的(de)(de)哈爾濱極樂(le)寺(si)(si)成為著(zhu)名的(de)(de)佛(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)(si)院。松花(hua)江北(bei)岸馬(ma)家船口(kou)處的(de)(de)觀音寺(si)(si),雖然(ran)只剩(sheng)下遺址,但香港佛(fo)教(jiao)泰斗永惺法(fa)師確曾在此就(jiu)讀佛(fo)學(xue)。齊(qi)齊(qi)哈爾的(de)(de)大(da)乘寺(si)(si)在其結構(gou)上也是國(guo)內佛(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)(si)院最獨特(te)的(de)(de)。
黑龍江佛教的主要寺院:極樂寺、哈爾濱市普照寺、哈爾濱市華嚴寺、湯原縣愿海寺、依蘭縣慈云寺、齊齊哈爾大乘寺、南大廟(興隆寺)、五大連池鐘靈寺廟、巴彥縣靈隱寺、木蘭縣慈航古寺、賓縣二龍山萬佛寺、牡丹江市圓通講寺、雙城觀音寺、克山縣楞嚴塔等。更多黑龍江名寺>>>
三.伊斯蘭教傳入
伊(yi)斯(si)蘭(lan)(lan)教(jiao)傳入(ru)黑龍江地區是隨著(zhu)信(xin)仰伊(yi)斯(si)蘭(lan)(lan)教(jiao)民(min)族人(ren)口(kou)遷徙(xi)而來,歷史考證說明,回(hui)族從清朝(chao)初年開始大批量(liang)的(de)遷徙(xi)到黑龍江的(de)齊齊哈爾(er)、呼蘭(lan)(lan)、阿城(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮和(he)農村,最早(zao)的(de),也應該是最大的(de)伊(yi)斯(si)蘭(lan)(lan)教(jiao)寺院是齊齊哈爾(er)的(de)卜奎(kui)清真寺。
黑龍江伊斯蘭教主要廟宇:依蘭清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、齊(qi)齊(qi)哈(ha)爾清真(zhen)(zhen)東(dong)寺(卜奎寺)、寧安清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、阿城(cheng)清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、呼蘭清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、哈(ha)爾濱(bin)清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、綏化清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、佳木斯清真(zhen)(zhen)寺、哈(ha)爾濱(bin)市韃靼(da)清真(zhen)(zhen)寺等。
四.天主教傳入
天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的時間(jian)大約也(ye)在(zai)(zai)元代,當時的蒙(meng)古人種(zhong)就有信奉天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者。史(shi)載,1287年(nian)(nian)蒙(meng)古大將乃顏兵變,其(qi)所率軍中(zhong)(zhong)有一些蒙(meng)古人是天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu),甚至(zhi)其(qi)軍中(zhong)(zhong)旗幟上(shang)還綴有十(shi)字(zi)架標(biao)志,但(dan)此后(hou)(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的影響并沒有形(xing)成。直到1863年(nian)(nian)有英國(guo)(guo)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士開始(shi)在(zai)(zai)阿城、呼蘭(lan)、依蘭(lan)等地(di)傳經布道,1882年(nian)(nian)呼蘭(lan)曾發生了反對天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的著名(ming)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)案。中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和國(guo)(guo)成立后(hou)(hou),于1959年(nian)(nian)召開黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒(tu)(tu)代表大會,決定廢除原來(lai)黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省內的幾(ji)個(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),重(zhong)新成立中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)哈(ha)爾(er)濱教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(1983年(nian)(nian)改稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)省教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu))。與會代表一致選舉王瑞環(huan)神父(fu)為該教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)正權主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)府(fu)設在(zai)(zai)哈(ha)爾(er)濱市南崗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)大直街47號,原波蘭(lan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堂舊址。7月14日在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)府(fu)舉行隆重(zhong)的晉牧典禮,由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)皮漱石總主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)禮,吉(ji)林教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)王為民和遼寧教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)趙佑民為鑲禮,王瑞環(huan)是黑龍(long)(long)江(jiang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有史(shi)以來(lai)的第一位中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。
黑龍(long)江主(zhu)要教(jiao)堂(tang):波蘭(lan)教(jiao)堂(tang)、阿利(li)克謝(xie)耶(ye)夫(fu)教(jiao)堂(tang)、齊齊哈爾(er)(er)天(tian)主(zhu)堂(tang)、海(hai)倫市(shi)天(tian)主(zhu)堂(tang)、哈爾(er)(er)濱市(shi)道外區天(tian)主(zhu)堂(tang)等。
五.基督教傳入
第(di)二(er)次鴉片戰爭(zheng)后,清廷被迫(po)同(tong)意(yi)各(ge)國傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)可進一步前(qian)往包括原本封禁的(de)情王室(shi)“祖(zu)宗肇跡(ji)興王之(zhi)所(suo)的(de)東(dong)北(bei)地(di)區內各(ge)地(di)租(zu)買田地(di),建立教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂,自(zi)由(you)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1863年,英國基(ji)(ji)督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)韋廉臣受(shou)“蘇格蘭圣經(jing)協會(hui)(hui)”派(pai)遣第(di)二(er)次來(lai)華。1866年,韋氏由(you)芝罘(fu)(今山東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)煙臺市轄(xia)區)泛海(hai),登陸牛莊,經(jing)伯都訥(今吉林省(sheng)(sheng)松原市境內),先(xian)后到阿什河(今阿城(cheng))、三姓(xing)(今依(yi)蘭)等地(di)散發《圣經(jing)》游行布道。這(zhe)是目前(qian)所(suo)知最(zui)早見于記載的(de)基(ji)(ji)督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在黑龍(long)(long)江地(di)區傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。最(zui)早來(lai)黑龍(long)(long)江地(di)區活動的(de)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi),均(jun)系(xi)英國長老會(hui)(hui)系(xi)統,分屬蘇格蘭和(he)愛(ai)爾蘭兩個(ge)差(cha)會(hui)(hui)。1886年,蘇格蘭長老會(hui)(hui)派(pai)遣醫師(shi)和(he)牧師(shi)一同(tong)來(lai)雙城(cheng),通(tong)過治病傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),設立福音堂和(he)禮拜(bai)堂。這(zhe)是黑龍(long)(long)江地(di)區最(zui)早的(de)基(ji)(ji)督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂。
黑(hei)龍江主要教(jiao)(jiao)堂:南崗大直街(jie)教(jiao)(jiao)堂、哈(ha)利路(lu)亞教(jiao)(jiao)堂、新陽路(lu)教(jiao)(jiao)堂等。
六.東正教傳入
東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)即(ji)東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)。公元1054年(nian)基(ji)督教(jiao)東(dong)(dong)西兩派分裂后,東(dong)(dong)部教(jiao)會稱東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao),簡稱東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)。在漫長的歷史演(yan)變過程中,又衍化為(wei)操希(xi)臘語的希(xi)臘正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)和操斯拉夫(fu)語的俄羅斯正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao),傳入中國(guo)的東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)即(ji)屬(shu)后者。東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)傳入中國(guo)始(shi)(shi)于清初,與沙俄侵華(hua)密切(qie)相(xiang)關。公元1653年(nian)(清·順治(zhi)十年(nian))10月19日,沙俄在我(wo)國(guo)尼布楚東(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)建立涅爾琴斯克城堡,強迫達斡(wo)爾族(zu)居民歸(gui)順沙俄,始(shi)(shi)有人該(gai)信東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)。
1683年(nian)(清(qing)·康熙二十二年(nian))夏,阿(a)爾(er)(er)巴(ba)(ba)津(jin)(即雅克(ke)(ke)薩)東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)司祭馬克(ke)(ke)西(xi)姆·列昂耶夫,隨沙(sha)俄(e)軍(jun)隊一(yi)伙(huo)67人,從(cong)阿(a)爾(er)(er)巴(ba)(ba)津(jin)乘(cheng)船下行竄擾,被(bei)清(qing)軍(jun)俘獲,解送北京。清(qing)政府將他們編入旗籍,設一(yi)個(ge)佐領(牛(niu)錄額真),允許俄(e)人保持原(yuan)有的(de)宗教(jiao)(jiao)信(xin)仰,馬氏遂成(cheng)(cheng)為北京第(di)一(yi)座(zuo)東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)的(de)第(di)一(yi)任掌院,還被(bei)清(qing)廷封(feng)賜七品官銜(xian)。日俄(e)戰爭(zheng)以(yi)(yi)后,俄(e)僑猛增10萬以(yi)(yi)上,其中(zhong)大(da)(da)部分為東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)徒,大(da)(da)批教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)也隨之沿中(zhong)東(dong)(dong)鐵路相繼(ji)建(jian)立(li)。1898年(nian)建(jian)于哈(ha)爾(er)(er)濱(bin)市香坊區(qu)香政街的(de)圣·尼古拉教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)是我省出現(xian)的(de)第(di)一(yi)座(zuo)東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)。1898年(nian)以(yi)(yi)后,隨著(zhu)中(zhong)東(dong)(dong)鐵路的(de)修筑,東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)開始大(da)(da)規模進入黑龍江地區(qu),并成(cheng)(cheng)為外(wai)(wai)來(lai)(lai)宗教(jiao)(jiao)的(de)主(zhu)導勢(shi)力。到“九一(yi)八”事變前,僅哈(ha)爾(er)(er)濱(bin)一(yi)地就有東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)27座(zuo)。這些(xie)外(wai)(wai)來(lai)(lai)宗教(jiao)(jiao)遺存與中(zhong)國傳統文化(hua)(hua)形成(cheng)(cheng)對比鮮(xian)明(ming),反差強烈(lie),有些(xie)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)的(de)建(jian)筑藝術價值(zhi)和宗教(jiao)(jiao)文化(hua)(hua)意義極(ji)高,如哈(ha)爾(er)(er)濱(bin)索菲亞(ya)大(da)(da)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)曾是遠東(dong)(dong)地區(qu)最大(da)(da)的(de)東(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang),有著(zhu)較(jiao)強的(de)可觀(guan)賞(shang)性,因而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)為不可多得的(de)珍貴旅游資源。
黑龍(long)江主要東正教(jiao)教(jiao)堂(tang):圣(sheng)(sheng)母并蒙教(jiao)堂(tang)、尼古拉中央大教(jiao)堂(tang)、圣(sheng)(sheng)·索菲亞教(jiao)堂(tang)等。
七.儒教的發展
20世紀(ji)初,沙(sha)俄(e)等外國列強,不(bu)斷(duan)地入侵中(zhong)國。它(ta)們不(bu)但在(zai)政治(zhi)上奴役(yi)中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)、經濟上掠奪(duo)中(zhong)國財務而且在(zai)文化(hua)上和精神上進行殖民(min)思(si)想(xiang)觀念的(de)滲透和影響,如建立了教堂(tang),以(yi)愚(yu)弄中(zhong)國人(ren),使(shi)之聽天(tian)由命,對(dui)(dui)侵略(lve)者不(bu)許反抗(kang)(kang)等等。面(mian)對(dui)(dui)這種(zhong)情況,一(yi)些愛(ai)國愛(ai)民(min)志士憂心忡(chong)忡(chong)。以(yi)少(shao)帥張學良為首的(de)一(yi)批仁人(ren)志士,倡議(yi)并決(jue)定在(zai)哈爾(er)濱(bin)市修建一(yi)座大型(xing)文廟(miao),以(yi)祭(ji)孔尊孔的(de)形式,弘(hong)揚中(zhong)國傳統的(de)儒家文化(hua),鼓勵人(ren)們學習科學文化(hua)知識(shi),提高國民(min)素質,積極自(zi)覺地投入到(dao)抗(kang)(kang)敵救國的(de)洪流中(zhong)去(qu)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)哈爾(er)濱(bin)文廟(miao)具有一(yi)種(zhong)弘(hong)揚愛(ai)國主義精神的(de)特殊意義。關于這一(yi)點,文廟(miao)院內的(de)建廟(miao)紀(ji)念碑(bei)碑(bei)文寫的(de)一(yi)清二楚。碑(bei)文系少(shao)帥張學良所(suo)(suo)題,現(xian)在(zai)依稀(xi)可(ke)認,具有珍貴(gui)的(de)史料(liao)價值(zhi)。
黑龍江儒教主要廟(miao)宇(yu):哈爾濱文廟(miao)。
八.黑龍江的主要廟會盤點
1.黑龍江哈爾濱極樂(le)寺(si)文園廟會
每年農歷四月(yue)初八、十(shi)八、二(er)十(shi)八的(de)慶佛(fo)日,極樂寺(si)都要舉行盛(sheng)大的(de)廟會(hui),熙熙攘(rang)攘(rang),熱鬧非凡(fan)。哈(ha)爾濱極樂寺(si)與長春般(ban)若寺(si)、沈陽慈恩寺(si)、營口楞嚴寺(si),并稱為東北(bei)(bei)四大佛(fo)教(jiao)之林,是(shi)(shi)東北(bei)(bei)三省(sheng)的(de)四大著(zhu)名(ming)佛(fo)教(jiao)寺(si)院之首。該寺(si)整體設計(ji)、布局(ju)和建(jian)筑結構,均保留了(le)我國寺(si)院建(jian)筑的(de)風格和特點,既是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)教(jiao)徒(tu)參謁朝拜(bai)的(de)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)佛(fo)教(jiao)圣地,也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)外游人觀(guan)賞瀏覽的(de)名(ming)勝(sheng)所在。
2.黑龍江猴(hou)石山廟會
猴(hou)石(shi)山(shan)由(you)主峰有巨大石(shi)頭(tou)似石(shi)猴(hou)而得名(ming)。景區(qu)松(song)花江水三面環繞(rao),水陸(lu)交通便利。景區(qu)內山(shan)水、草原(yuan)資源豐富,寺(si)(si)廟(miao),古跡聞名(ming)遐邇,是(shi)(shi)光觀、休假、進香(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)好去處。 1929年興建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)青蓮寺(si)(si),其規模宏大,氣(qi)勢(shi)磅礴,香(xiang)煙繚繞(rao),當時被稱為“東北的(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)隱(yin)寺(si)(si)”。1998年8月6日賓縣政府(fu)批準為猴(hou)石(shi)山(shan)風景區(qu)。 猴(hou)石(shi)山(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)不單純是(shi)(shi)宗教活動(dong),而是(shi)(shi)地(di)方性民(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)日活動(dong),猴(hou)石(shi)山(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)可稱為節(jie)日型廟(miao)會(hui)。它保留了當地(di)及周邊(bian)地(di)區(qu)以(yi)(yi)民(min)(min)(min)間信仰(yang)為特(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)傳統民(min)(min)(min)間文(wen)化,是(shi)(shi)研究東北民(min)(min)(min)眾(zhong)(zhong)民(min)(min)(min)間信仰(yang)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)重要依據;保留了許多民(min)(min)(min)間藝術、民(min)(min)(min)間手工藝的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)形(xing)態(tai),不僅(jin)可以(yi)(yi)傳承(cheng)民(min)(min)(min)族民(min)(min)(min)間文(wen)化,還可以(yi)(yi)豐富群眾(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)業余文(wen)化生(sheng)(sheng)活。
3.黑龍江佳木(mu)斯(si)佛光寺廟會(hui)
每年(nian)陰歷(li)四(si)月十(shi)八為佛(fo)(fo)光(guang)(guang)寺(si)大(da)(da)廟(miao)會(hui),游客眾(zhong)多,以(yi)上香祈(qi)福為主。佛(fo)(fo)光(guang)(guang)寺(si)位于佳木斯市水源(yuan)(yuan)山東北面,座(zuo)南朝北,是(shi)黑龍江省東部較大(da)(da)寺(si)院(yuan)(凈土道場)。佛(fo)(fo)光(guang)(guang)寺(si)源(yuan)(yuan)于一九(jiu)三八年(nian)的(de)般若大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)寺(si),后因社會(hui)動蕩(dang)僧眾(zhong)星散各方(fang),廟(miao)宇(yu)無(wu)存。在黨的(de)十(shi)一屆三中(zhong)全會(hui)落實宗(zong)教信(xin)仰自(zi)由政策,應(ying)信(xin)眾(zhong)的(de)請求恢(hui)復佛(fo)(fo)教事(shi)業。寺(si)院(yuan)是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)教的(de)表相,佛(fo)(fo)法住世(shi)的(de)象(xiang)征。在政府的(de)大(da)(da)力支持下,批(pi)準選址水源(yuan)(yuan)山,開山建(jian)寺(si)。九(jiu)五年(nian)明(ming)臨法師住持后,慨(kai)然以(yi)重光(guang)(guang)寺(si)院(yuan),隆盛道場為己任。明(ming)臨法師按著自(zi)辦方(fang)針,于九(jiu)六年(nian)大(da)(da)興土木之(zhi)施,歷(li)經十(shi)余(yu)年(nian)建(jian)成殿宇(yu)十(shi)座(zuo),二(er)層樓房二(er)棟,建(jian)筑面積1.3萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。總(zong)體(ti)布局(ju)分(fen)屬兩(liang)個區域,山門前是(shi)休閑觀(guan)光(guang)(guang)區:3千平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)園(yuan)林式(shi)的(de)蓮花園(yuan),園(yuan)門是(shi)仿(fang)宋風格彩(cai)繪,高大(da)(da)牌樓,兩(liang)側(ce)是(shi)古式(shi)彩(cai)繪長(chang)廊和六座(zuo)三層飛檐涼亭相對稱。中(zhong)心是(shi)蓮花池,池上縱跨拱形漢白玉石橋,南端建(jian)晚霞紅大(da)(da)理石九(jiu)龍壁映照山門。
4.黑龍江克山廟會
每年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)歷四(si)月十八日(ri)。克山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)都會舉辦一(yi)場盛(sheng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廟會。克山縣自然風(feng)光(guang)秀麗(li),境內丘陵起伏,漫(man)川漫(man)崗,有烏裕爾(er)河(he)(he)(he)、訥謨爾(er)河(he)(he)(he)、潤津(jin)河(he)(he)(he)等5條河(he)(he)(he)流,全(quan)縣林(lin)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)125.9萬(wan)畝,草地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)17.9萬(wan)畝,郁郁蔥蔥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然林(lin),清(qing)澈(che)見底的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)水,一(yi)望無(wu)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草原,清(qing)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新鮮(xian)空氣讓(rang)人(ren)流連忘返。永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)坐落在(zai)克山縣城西北(bei)角,始建于1931年(nian)(nian),為漢傳佛(fo)教。是(shi)克山當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)德慶祥藥店、麻坊廠、一(yi)梁(liang)姓(xing)家族和(he)(he)一(yi)家小火磨制(zhi)面(mian)廠等幾戶有經濟實力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)家共同出資修建的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)為當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓(xing)祈福消災(zai),保佑一(yi)方(fang)平(ping)安(an)(an)。永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)只(zhi)有500平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),寺(si)(si)(si)廟也只(zhi)有正殿和(he)(he)東(dong)西配(pei)殿各一(yi)座,只(zhi)供奉了(le)釋迦牟尼佛(fo)和(he)(he)觀世音菩薩,住持由從(cong)哈(ha)爾(er)濱極樂(le)寺(si)(si)(si)請來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)普老和(he)(he)尚擔任。1999年(nian)(nian),經克山縣宗教局(ju)請示(shi)省宗教局(ju)批準(zhun),永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)得以恢(hui)復重(zhong)建。十年(nian)(nian)來,永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)恢(hui)復建設已頗具規(gui)模(mo),與過(guo)去(qu)只(zhi)有正殿和(he)(he)東(dong)西配(pei)殿及500平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)相比(bi),如今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)占(zhan)地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已達3.5萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。時(shi)至今(jin)日(ri)永(yong)安(an)(an)寺(si)(si)(si)早已恢(hui)復了(le)往日(ri)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興盛(sheng),從(cong)每年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廟會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模(mo)就可見一(yi)斑。
5.黑龍江松峰山廟會(hui)
松峰山廟(miao)會(hui)始于(yu)金熙宗(zong)年間,1148年召太(tai)一教始祖(zu)蕭(xiao)抱珍來金上(shang)京(jing)問道(dao),為(wei)皇后(hou)治病。此后(hou)每(mei)(mei)年農歷(li)四月(yue)(yue)十(shi)七(qi)至十(shi)九日皆舉(ju)(ju)辦春(chun)季廟(miao)會(hui)。松峰山廟(miao)會(hui)分道(dao)神祭(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)與(yu)商業購物兩(liang)部(bu)分,其中(zhong)道(dao)神祭(ji)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)為(wei)廟(miao)會(hui)核心內容。廟(miao)會(hui)從正月(yue)(yue)就開始準備,農歷(li)三(san)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)六舉(ju)(ju)行(xing)山神節,四月(yue)(yue)十(shi)四日呂祖(zu)誕辰,四月(yue)(yue)十(shi)七(qi)午夜陸續有(you)香(xiang)客赴廟(miao)會(hui),每(mei)(mei)一處要三(san)叩(kou)九拜(bai)(bai)(bai)、請神上(shang)供、燃(ran)燭(zhu)上(shang)香(xiang)、攢香(xiang)焚表及叩(kou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)。每(mei)(mei)叩(kou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)一次道(dao)士便鳴鐘示神。叩(kou)拜(bai)(bai)(bai)畢向功德(de)箱(xiang)捐獻功德(de)錢(qian),以示“謝山”。道(dao)士拜(bai)(bai)(bai)斗臺設(she)壇,左輔右弼(bi)北(bei)斗七(qi)星,壇中(zhong)燃(ran)三(san)臺、十(shi)三(san)盞燈,燈花一百零八(ba)支,訟北(bei)斗經(jing)、順星誥(gao)、祈(qi)禱福祿壽。
6.黑龍江(jiang)依蘭縣(xian)廟會
文化(hua)旅游已成為人(ren)們追求的(de)新興旅游模式,為了傳(chuan)承中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民俗文化(hua)發展依蘭(lan)旅游事業經縣委、縣政府批準(zhun),將(jiang)每年(nian)(nian)農(nong)歷(li)七月(yue)二十二定(ding)為“依蘭(lan)縣財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神文化(hua)節”暨“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)會(hui)日”,全力打造中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)方地區最大(da)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神文化(hua)活(huo)動日。每年(nian)(nian)的(de)農(nong)歷(li)七月(yue)二十二日是(shi)(shi)(shi)增福(fu)(fu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神圣誕日,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)老百姓都要到(dao)(dao)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)上(shang)香燃放(fang)爆竹(zhu),以此祈求五(wu)谷豐(feng)登、財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)源(yuan)(yuan)廣進(jin)。依蘭(lan)縣財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)建(jian)于清(qing)康熙六(liu)十年(nian)(nian)(1721年(nian)(nian)),是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)北(bei)方最大(da)的(de)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao),位于三(san)江(jiang)交匯(hui)之要沖,及財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)源(yuan)(yuan)匯(hui)聚之地,秉無邊之靈(ling)(ling)氣,承壬(ren)癸之源(yuan)(yuan)泉。天地合一(yi),感天動地,靈(ling)(ling)驗非常,有求必(bi)應。五(wu)福(fu)(fu)納財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)吉(ji)祥(xiang)大(da)法(fa)(fa)會(hui):財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)從(cong)名山道(dao)觀(guan)請來大(da)德高道(dao)主(zhu)壇舉(ju)辦(ban)“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神慶典(dian)大(da)法(fa)(fa)會(hui)”,由高功法(fa)(fa)師誦經、拜懺、焚(fen)書、升表、慧(hui)通天龍護法(fa)(fa),朝拜天地神靈(ling)(ling),祈求風調雨順,國(guo)(guo)泰民安,為廣大(da)信眾祈福(fu)(fu)、消災(zai)、納財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)、旺運、延壽(shou)。愿(yuan)祖師慈(ci)顏親蒙(meng)、神光普照(zhao)、愿(yuan)善念、善緣、給您帶(dai)來福(fu)(fu)音,求三(san)教之法(fa)(fa)護佑(you)您子孫萬(wan)(wan)代興旺發達(da)。紫氣東來九萬(wan)(wan)里(li),神光護佑(you)大(da)眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)!法(fa)(fa)會(hui)將(jiang)由主(zhu)壇大(da)法(fa)(fa)師為您免費派送財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神利(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)、福(fu)(fu)星米。法(fa)(fa)會(hui)期間為財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神上(shang)頭香、大(da)供、點增福(fu)(fu)增財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)燈者請到(dao)(dao)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)提前辦(ban)理手續。放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)延壽(shou)道(dao)場:農(nong)歷(li)七月(yue)二十一(yi),財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神廟(miao)舉(ju)辦(ban)放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)延壽(shou)道(dao)場,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)救命,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)還債,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)慈(ci)悲,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)覺悟,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)福(fu)(fu)善,放(fang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)延壽(shou),望(wang)廣大(da)信士(shi)、居士(shi)、善士(shi)廣而告知(zhi),傳(chuan)一(yi)福(fu)(fu)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),傳(chuan)百功德滿!
7.黑(hei)龍江(jiang)鐘靈禪(chan)寺廟(miao)會
五(wu)大(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)池風(feng)景區鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)建(jian)在藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)口內,佛(fo)教廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)眾(zhong)多,規(gui)(gui)模宏(hong)(hong)大(da)(da),有(you)近百(bai)余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,五(wu)大(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)池鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)是(shi)建(jian)在火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)口上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座寺(si)廟(miao)(miao),這在世界(jie)上(shang)也(ye)是(shi)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)號(hao)稱火(huo)口第一(yi)(yi)(yi)寺(si)。藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)坐落在五(wu)大(da)(da)連(lian)(lian)池風(feng)景區老(lao)期(qi)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)口平曠(kuang)之處,距火(huo)口垣尚有(you)十余米的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度,與火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)堰塞湖和新老(lao)期(qi)火(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)相映生輝,構(gou)成了獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人文景觀。藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)不算(suan)高,拾級而上(shang)十多分(fen)鐘(zhong)(zhong)就可以上(shang)去了,鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)始建(jian)于中華民(min)(min)國18年(nian)(nian),后又多次遭劫(jie),幾次修建(jian),歷(li)盡滄桑,現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)規(gui)(gui)模為1990年(nian)(nian)以后復建(jian),總(zong)占地面(mian)積為25000平方(fang)米,總(zong)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積7227.2平方(fang)米。鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)是(shi)漢傳佛(fo)教寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),屬凈土(tu)宗(zong)和禪(chan)(chan)宗(zong),寺(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)采(cai)用了獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“伽藍(lan)七堂制(zhi)”,打破了坐北朝(chao)南建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge),而是(shi)面(mian)朝(chao)西(xi)方(fang),背朝(chao)東(dong)(dong)方(fang),寓意(yi)咫尺(chi)西(xi)天。以東(dong)(dong)至西(xi)為中軸線,保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)距離(li),修建(jian)若干殿(dian)(dian)堂。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門殿(dian)(dian)——天王殿(dian)(dian)——大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)——藏經閣(ge)—臥佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)形成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)組規(gui)(gui)模宏(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)而排(pai)列有(you)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)群。每逢大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)廟(miao)(miao)會,人們(men)都(dou)習(xi)慣性的(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)到(dao)藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan),祈福求安。農(nong)歷(li)大(da)(da)年(nian)(nian)初(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi),來(lai)(lai)自全(quan)國各地和省內外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游人香客(ke)登上(shang)藥(yao)(yao)泉(quan)山(shan)(shan)(shan),參加鐘(zhong)(zhong)靈(ling)(ling)禪(chan)(chan)寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)會,在農(nong)歷(li)新年(nian)(nian)掀起民(min)(min)俗游的(de)(de)(de)(de)小高潮。
8.老道外廟會
老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)是(shi)哈爾濱的(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)根脈,凝聚著百年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史文(wen)(wen)化(hua),積淀(dian)了整(zheng)個城市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)特(te)色。老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)術和(he)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)很多。這里有(you)(you)(you)哈爾濱最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)字號和(he)小吃,有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)北三省(sheng)現存的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)皮影戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)團,有(you)(you)(you)紙葫(hu)蘆等(deng)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)工藝(yi)(yi)和(he)一(yi)批身(shen)懷絕技(ji)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),其民(min)(min)俗文(wen)(wen)化(hua)是(shi)一(yi)筆寶貴的(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)財富(fu)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)依托老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai),政(zheng)府搭臺,藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)參(can)加,恢復春(chun)節(jie)廟會(hui),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)讓市(shi)民(min)(min)在春(chun)節(jie)期間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)游玩的(de)(de)(de)去(qu)處,品味(wei)傳統年(nian)(nian)(nian)味(wei)。據史料記載,老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)自(zi)(zi)古以(yi)(yi)來就有(you)(you)(you)春(chun)節(jie)趕廟會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)習俗。自(zi)(zi)清末以(yi)(yi)來,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)正月初(chu)(chu)一(yi)至初(chu)(chu)七(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)廟會(hui)之日。那(nei)時,以(yi)(yi)同記商(shang)場為(wei)(wei)(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)會(hui)都會(hui)組織(zhi)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)巡游隊(dui)伍,隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)前邊耍長龍,踩(cai)高蹺,花船、花車(che)、舞獅緊隨(sui)其后。道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)區以(yi)(yi)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)俄(e)羅(luo)斯(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)”在哈活(huo)動(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)契機,推出(chu)哈爾濱關(guan)道(dao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)月系(xi)列活(huo)動(dong),精心(xin)打造了十(shi)大類“年(nian)(nian)(nian)貨”,包括(kuo)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)現場制作,年(nian)(nian)(nian)畫、剪紙等(deng)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)工藝(yi)(yi)品,老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)仁義、正陽(yang)樓(lou)等(deng)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)字號小吃等(deng)內容(rong)。從(cong)小年(nian)(nian)(nian)到初(chu)(chu)七(qi)(qi)之間(jian)(jian),在道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)區橫(heng)跨北十(shi)八(ba)道(dao)街兩側新建(jian)高度(du)(du)6米(mi)、寬度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)11米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)日牌(pai)樓(lou)一(yi)座,并在北十(shi)八(ba)道(dao)街上設立(li)200個攤(tan)(tan)位,組建(jian)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)攤(tan)(tan)區。屆時,道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)區文(wen)(wen)體局組織(zhi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)字號商(shang)品攤(tan)(tan)區,在哈爾濱關(guan)道(dao)展(zhan)(zhan)廳內舉(ju)辦“老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)剪紙藝(yi)(yi)術展(zhan)(zhan)”,來自(zi)(zi)全市(shi)民(min)(min)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)上千件(jian)剪紙藝(yi)(yi)術精品將(jiang)參(can)與展(zhan)(zhan)示。為(wei)(wei)(wei)突出(chu)關(guan)東(dong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)味(wei),從(cong)初(chu)(chu)一(yi)至初(chu)(chu)七(qi)(qi)期間(jian)(jian),每天10時,在北十(shi)八(ba)道(dao)街演出(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)傳統戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu);14時,演出(chu)一(yi)場皮影戲(xi)(xi),市(shi)民(min)(min)到道(dao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)區逛廟會(hui)、看大戲(xi)(xi)和(he)購年(nian)(nian)(nian)貨。
9.牡丹(dan)江北(bei)山廟會
為(wei)活(huo)躍市民(min)文化(hua)生活(huo),由(you)牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)愛民(min)區(qu)主辦的“牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)北山(shan)廟(miao)會”,牡(mu)丹(dan)(dan)江(jiang)市民(min)可前去觀賞專場(chang)文藝(yi)演出(chu)、馬(ma)戲團雜技表演等(deng),放(fang)松心情,樂享(xiang)生活(huo)。廟(miao)會共有美食、土特(te)產、奇石玉器等(deng)主題,每(mei)個主題都設有專門(men)展(zhan)區(qu)。活(huo)動舉辦時間為(wei)6月11日至6月17日,地點(dian)設在地明街與(yu)新華路交叉口至北山(shan)公(gong)園路段,以(yi)及(ji)(ji)北山(shan)體育(yu)場(chang)南廣(guang)場(chang)。活(huo)動期間,為(wei)豐富廟(miao)會內(nei)容(rong),主辦方(fang)每(mei)天早晚(wan)(wan)都在現場(chang)安(an)排了專場(chang)文藝(yi)演出(chu),每(mei)晚(wan)(wan)還(huan)將播放(fang)一(yi)場(chang)免費露(lu)天電影。另外,廟(miao)會還(huan)專門(men)制作了毛(mao)絨吉祥物(wu)“粽(zong)娃(wa)”,以(yi)及(ji)(ji)一(yi)個4米(mi)高的仿真“祈福樹”,豐富廟(miao)會內(nei)容(rong),吸引(yin)市民(min)參與(yu)。
10.齊齊哈(ha)爾(er)大乘寺廟會
每年(nian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哈(ha)(ha)爾(er)市(shi)的大乘(cheng)寺都會在四月初八這天舉辦(ban)廟會。大乘(cheng)寺位(wei)于(yu)黑龍(long)江省齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哈(ha)(ha)爾(er)市(shi),又名大佛寺,因寺內(nei)(nei)供有(you)數(shu)尊巨(ju)大的漢(han)白玉石雕佛像(xiang)而(er)得名。在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哈(ha)(ha)爾(er)火車站以西約(yue)二(er)公(gong)里處(chu)。位(wei)于(yu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)哈(ha)(ha)爾(er)市(shi)鐵鋒區木海街與民航路交叉口、西滿革命烈士陵(ling)園南側。林(lin)木環繞,境致清幽。建(jian)于(yu)1943年(nian),占地面積(ji)3.1萬(wan)平方米(mi)。大乘(cheng)寺屬十方叢林(lin)規模,在省內(nei)(nei)與哈(ha)(ha)爾(er)濱極樂寺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名。
11.一面坡普照寺廟會
一面(mian)坡(po)普(pu)(pu)照寺(si)(si)(si)座落在(zai)一面(mian)坡(po)鎮的(de)南山上,位于(yu)螞蟻河對岸,在(zai)一個(ge)山清水秀的(de)好地(di)方。普(pu)(pu)照寺(si)(si)(si)始建(jian)于(yu)1932年(nian),由護國法師禪和地(di)方紳士們創建(jian)普(pu)(pu)照寺(si)(si)(si)坐(zuo)南,面(mian)北,寺(si)(si)(si)后(hou)依(yi)山勢(shi)筑圍墻.進入山門后(hou),院內鋪設整齊石條(tiao),正為(wei)大(da)殿(dian)(dian),兩側(ce)配殿(dian)(dian),配殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)出(chu)廊(lang),內塑四(si)大(da)金剛(東西(xi)各(ge)二),,腳(jiao)踩(cai)八大(da)怪,森(sen)嚴可怕。正殿(dian)(dian)內釋伽牟尼像一尊,高一米許,座前(qian)設有大(da)銅香爐(lu)、香案、燭(zhu)臺等器物。后(hou)殿(dian)(dian),阿(a)彌佗佛站蓮花(hua)銅像,觀音菩薩(sa)站蓮花(hua)銅像和佛事器具。廟(miao)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)東側(ce)有僧舍九間(jian),房子東下角有泉井一眼,廟(miao)后(hou)僧人(ren)開辟(pi)數(shu)十(shi)畝地(di),盡植杏樹,每(mei)(mei)到春(chun)季(ji),杏花(hua)似錦,招(zhao)來游人(ren)。每(mei)(mei)年(nian)舊(jiu)歷四(si)月十(shi)八日廟(miao)會,唱戲三(san)天,更是(shi)熱(re)鬧一時(shi),善男信女絡繹不絕,成為(wei)哈(ha)爾濱地(di)區(qu)有名佛事活動基地(di)。
相關推薦:
黑龍江傳統習俗文化知識大全 約你看冰雪大世界 賞二人轉 識黑龍江文化