新能源車電池種類

新能源汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為兩大(da)類，即蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)適用(yong)于純新(xin)能源汽車(che)，可(ke)以(yi)歸類為鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)基(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鎳(nie)一(yi)氫(qing)及鎳(nie)一(yi)金屬氫(qing)化(hua)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)一(yi)福及鎳(nie)一(yi)鋅(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、鈉(na)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鈉(na)一(yi)硫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鈉(na)一(yi)氯化(hua)鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、二次鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等類型。而燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)專用(yong)于燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)新(xin)能源汽車(che)，可(ke)以(yi)分(fen)為堿性(xing)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(AFC)、磷酸燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PAFC)、熔融碳酸鹽燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(MCFC)、固體氧化(hua)物(wu)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(SOFC)、質(zhi)子交換膜(mo)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PEMFC)、直接甲醇燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(DMFC)等類型。

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新能源車電池壽命

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)有(you)“干貯存(cun)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)“和”濕貯存(cun)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)“。這兩個概念僅是針對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)自放電(dian)大小而言的(de)(de)(de)，并非電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際使用(yong)期限。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)真正壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)是指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)實(shi)際使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)長短。對一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)而言，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)(ming)是表征(zheng)給出額(e)定容量的(de)(de)(de)工作時間(jian)（與(yu)放電(dian)倍率大小有(you)關(guan)）。

對二次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)而(er)言，電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)壽(shou)命分充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命和濕擱置(zhi)使(shi)用壽(shou)命兩種。充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命，是衡量(liang)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要參數。經受一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)和放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，稱為一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)（或一(yi)(yi)個(ge)周(zhou)期）。在一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)制度下，電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)降至(zhi)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)規定值之前，電(dian)池(chi)能耐受的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數，稱為二次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽(shou)命。

充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)壽命越長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能越好。在(zai)目前常用的二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中，鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)循環(huan)壽命500~800次(ci)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)200~500次(ci)，鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)600~1000次(ci)，鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)很(hen)短(duan)，約100次(ci)左右。

二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽(shou)命與放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)、溫度(du)、充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)制(zhi)式等條(tiao)件有關(guan)。所謂”放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)“是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)出的容(rong)(rong)量占額定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量的百分數。減少放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)(shen)度(du)（即“淺放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)”），二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽(shou)命可以(yi)大(da)大(da)延長(chang)。

濕擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)，也是衡量二次(ci)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能的(de)重要參數(shu)之一。它(ta)是指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)加(jia)入(ru)了電(dian)解液后(hou)開始進行(xing)充(chong)放電(dian)循環(huan)直至(zhi)充(chong)放電(dian)循環(huan)壽(shou)命(ming)終止的(de)時間（包括充(chong)放電(dian)循環(huan)過程中電(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于放電(dian)態濕擱(ge)置的(de)時間）。濕擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)越(yue)長，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能越(yue)好。在目(mu)前常用(yong)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中，鎘(ge)鎳電(dian)池(chi)(chi)濕擱(ge)置使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)2~3年，鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)(chi)3~5年，鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)(chi)5~8年，鋅銀電(dian)池(chi)(chi)最短，只有(you)1年左右。

新能源車充電方式

1、便攜充電

便(bian)攜充(chong)電(dian)(dian)是(shi)指使用(yong)隨車附(fu)帶(dai)的便(bian)攜充(chong)電(dian)(dian)線連接普通家用(yong)插座充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。這是(shi)一種(zhong)非常(chang)方(fang)便(bian)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，只要能找(zhao)到插座，就(jiu)可以充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。但是(shi)其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)速度就(jiu)不敢(gan)恭維了(le)。一般(ban)來說(shuo)(shuo)，普通家用(yong)插座的電(dian)(dian)壓為220V，電(dian)(dian)流為10A，理論(lun)上(shang)功率(lv)為2.2kW，而(er)在實(shi)際使用(yong)中，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)功率(lv)一般(ban)來說(shuo)(shuo)只有1.5kW。奇瑞eQ電(dian)(dian)動汽車上(shang)配備的便(bian)攜充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置。

也就(jiu)是說，使用便攜充(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，為一輛(liang)北汽(qi)新能(neng)源EV200純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(續航里程200km，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量30.4kWh)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)需要20小時，為一輛(liang)比亞迪e6純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(續航300km，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量57kWh)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)需要近40小時。這種速度簡直讓人無法忍受，只能(neng)是作為其他充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式的一種補充(chong)，方便用戶隨時補電(dian)(dian)。

2、家用充電

家(jia)(jia)用充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)最常見(jian)的一(yi)種充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。一(yi)般私人用戶購(gou)買電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)都會附贈一(yi)個家(jia)(jia)用充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。當然，光有(you)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)不(bu)夠(gou)的，還需要有(you)車(che)位并(bing)且物業同意安裝。寶馬i3所配(pei)備的i Wallbox Pro充電(dian)墻(qiang)盒，功(gong)率為7.4kWh。在充電(dian)速度方面，由于(yu)每個廠商提供的充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)規格都不(bu)一(yi)樣，所以充電(dian)速度也不(bu)盡相同。寶馬i3所配(pei)備的i Wallbox Pro充電(dian)墻(qiang)盒功(gong)率為7.4kW。啟辰晨風有(you)2種家(jia)(jia)用充電(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，低配(pei)版的是(shi)3.6kW，高配(pei)版的則是(shi)6.6kW。騰勢(shi)同樣提供2種家(jia)(jia)用充電(dian)柜(ju)可供使用，功(gong)率分別為10kW和20kW。

3、公共充電

家(jia)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)雖然不(bu)錯，但(dan)還(huan)有(you)(you)很(hen)多用戶(hu)由(you)于沒(mei)有(you)(you)固定(ding)車(che)位或是物業(ye)不(bu)配合，無法安裝家(jia)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。對他們(men)來說(shuo)，公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)就(jiu)成了唯一(yi)(yi)的選(xuan)擇。如(ru)果家(jia)里不(bu)能建充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，就(jiu)只能到(dao)(dao)(dao)公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了。公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)般由(you)國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、南(nan)方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業(ye)建設(she)并維護經營。在今(jin)后(hou)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)產業(ye)的成熟(shu)，也會(hui)有(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)民營資(zi)本(ben)進入這一(yi)(yi)領(ling)域(yu)。公(gong)共(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)般分為(wei)(wei)(wei)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前者使用直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)者使用交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：以常見(jian)的國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)例，其輸(shu)出的直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)(wei)(wei)380V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)以達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)50A，輸(shu)出功率可(ke)達(da)19kW。不(bu)過，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)80%以后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就(jiu)會(hui)慢(man)慢(man)下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)10A左(zuo)右。所(suo)以，一(yi)(yi)般用快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)(dao)80%以后(hou)，應該換到(dao)(dao)(dao)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，這樣效率更(geng)高一(yi)(yi)些。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)：由(you)于成本(ben)等方面有(you)(you)優勢，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的數量(liang)較多。雖然直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度更(geng)快，但(dan)是受用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷和(he)建樁(zhuang)(zhuang)成本(ben)的限制，在一(yi)(yi)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站里，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的數量(liang)肯定(ding)是占少(shao)數的。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了利用有(you)(you)限的資(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)更(geng)多人提(ti)供充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務，必(bi)須補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)些交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)慢(man)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。

如何快速找到充電樁

電動汽車車主可以通過網上城市服務內“汽車充電站”，通過地圖篩查和關鍵字查詢迅速找到最近的充電站，在手機里實時(shi)查看充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍的使(shi)用狀態。以(yi)后，車(che)主不會再發(fa)生趕到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站才發(fa)現充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)已(yi)經(jing)被占用，需要等(deng)至(zhi)少(shao)一兩個(ge)小時(shi)的窘境。而且，通過汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)站可(ke)以(yi)直接操作(zuo)啟動或停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，并在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束后一站式完成支付。

目前(qian),“汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站”充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)網路已覆蓋119個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)。這意味著這119個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)市(shi)內近80萬電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)主可以(yi)享受上述查找(zhao)、支(zhi)付等服務。電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)直面(mian)臨(lin)著找(zhao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁難的(de)問題，制(zhi)約(yue)了行業的(de)發展。此前(qian)，市(shi)面(mian)上各類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁都是由不同(tong)的(de)運營(ying)(ying)商各自為政，使用獨立的(de)APP。車(che)(che)主的(de)手機必須裝十(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)甚至二十(shi)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)APP才能保(bao)證(zheng)能在就近不同(tong)運營(ying)(ying)商的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

如今，網上推出“汽車(che)充(chong)電站”之后，車(che)主只(zhi)需要用一(yi)個APP便(bian)(bian)可以完(wan)成。只(zhi)要你(ni)打(da)開網上汽車(che)充(chong)電站，便(bian)(bian)會顯示附近的(de)充(chong)電樁，你(ni)需要點擊(ji)距(ju)離你(ni)最(zui)近的(de)一(yi)個充(chong)電樁，頁面(mian)便(bian)(bian)會顯示其(qi)地址，那么你(ni)可以直接導航過(guo)去，非(fei)常便(bian)(bian)利。

新能源車充電注意事項

1、充電時間

正確掌握充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)一般情況蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)在十小時左右，要避免(mian)(mian)過度充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。準備出(chu)行(xing)時要提前安(an)排好途中充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免(mian)(mian)行(xing)駛中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足。

2、充電頻率

建議(yi)每天(tian)(tian)都(dou)(dou)充(chong)電就算平時行駛路程不多，還是建議(yi)每天(tian)(tian)都(dou)(dou)充(chong)電，這樣(yang)使電池(chi)處于淺循環(huan)狀態，電池(chi)的壽命(ming)會(hui)延長。原理就像手機電池(chi)充(chong)電一(yi)樣(yang)，隨時都(dou)(dou)可以充(chong)。

3、存放

嚴(yan)禁存放時虧(kui)電(dian)在虧(kui)電(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態下存放電(dian)池(chi)，很容易(yi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)硫酸鹽化，硫酸鉛(qian)結(jie)晶物(wu)附著在極板上(shang)，會(hui)堵塞電(dian)離子通(tong)道(dao)，造(zao)成充電(dian)不(bu)足，電(dian)池(chi)容量下降。虧(kui)電(dian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態閑置時間越(yue)長，電(dian)池(chi)損壞越(yue)重。因(yin)此，電(dian)池(chi)閑置不(bu)用時，應每月補充電(dian)一次，這樣能(neng)較好地保(bao)持電(dian)池(chi)健康(kang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。所(suo)以，平時若不(bu)經常用車(che)，也(ye)必須要打著車(che)。這樣才不(bu)會(hui)造(zao)成車(che)輛不(bu)必要的問題出(chu)現(xian)(xian)。