新能源車電池種類

新能源汽車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)以分為兩大類(lei)，即蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)適用于純新能源汽(qi)車，可(ke)以歸類(lei)為鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳基(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鎳一氫(qing)及鎳一金屬氫(qing)化物(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳一福及鎳一鋅(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、鈉?電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)（鈉一硫(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和鈉一氯化鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)）、二次鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、空氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)等類(lei)型(xing)。而燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)專用于燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)新能源汽(qi)車，可(ke)以分為堿性燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(AFC)、磷(lin)酸燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PAFC)、熔融碳酸鹽(yan)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(MCFC)、固體(ti)氧化物(wu)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(SOFC)、質子交換膜燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(PEMFC)、直接甲醇燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(DMFC)等類(lei)型(xing)。

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新能源車電池壽命

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽(shou)命(ming)有“干(gan)貯存(cun)壽(shou)命(ming)“和(he)”濕貯存(cun)壽(shou)命(ming)“。這兩(liang)個(ge)概念僅是(shi)(shi)針(zhen)對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)自(zi)放電(dian)大小(xiao)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)的，并非電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的實際(ji)使(shi)用期限。電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的真(zhen)正壽(shou)命(ming)是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)池(chi)(chi)實際(ji)使(shi)用的時間長短。對一次電(dian)池(chi)(chi)而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽(shou)命(ming)是(shi)(shi)表征給出額定(ding)容量的工作(zuo)時間（與放電(dian)倍率大小(xiao)有關）。

對二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)而言，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命分(fen)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽命和(he)濕擱置使(shi)用(yong)壽命兩(liang)種(zhong)。充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽命，是衡量(liang)二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)能(neng)的一(yi)(yi)個重(zhong)要參(can)數。經(jing)受一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)充電(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，稱(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)循(xun)環（或一(yi)(yi)個周期）。在一(yi)(yi)定的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)制度下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)降(jiang)至某一(yi)(yi)規(gui)定值之前，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)耐(nai)受的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)次(ci)(ci)數，稱(cheng)為二次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽命。

充放(fang)(fang)電循環壽命越長(chang)，電池的(de)(de)(de)性能越好(hao)。在目(mu)前常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)二次(ci)電池中，鎘鎳電池的(de)(de)(de)充放(fang)(fang)電循環壽命500~800次(ci)，鉛酸電池200~500次(ci)，鋰離子(zi)電池600~1000次(ci)，鋅(xin)銀(yin)電池很(hen)短，約100次(ci)左右。

二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)循環壽命與放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)、溫度(du)、充放電(dian)(dian)制式等條(tiao)件有關。所謂(wei)”放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)“是指電(dian)(dian)池放出的(de)容(rong)量(liang)占額定容(rong)量(liang)的(de)百分數。減(jian)少放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)（即(ji)“淺放電(dian)(dian)”），二次(ci)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)循環壽命可以大(da)(da)大(da)(da)延長。

濕(shi)擱置使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，也是衡量二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)重要參(can)數之一。它是指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加(jia)入了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)后開始(shi)進行充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環直(zhi)至充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環壽命(ming)終止的(de)時間（包括充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)處于放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態濕(shi)擱置的(de)時間）。濕(shi)擱置使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)越長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性(xing)(xing)能越好。在目前常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)，鎘鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)濕(shi)擱置使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)2~3年(nian)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)3~5年(nian)，鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)5~8年(nian)，鋅銀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最短，只有(you)1年(nian)左(zuo)右(you)。

新能源車充電方式

1、便攜充電

便(bian)攜(xie)(xie)充(chong)電是指(zhi)使用隨(sui)車附帶的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)攜(xie)(xie)充(chong)電線連接(jie)普(pu)通家用插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)充(chong)電。這是一種(zhong)非常方便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電方式，只(zhi)要(yao)能(neng)找到(dao)插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，就可以充(chong)電。但是其充(chong)電速度(du)就不敢(gan)恭維了(le)。一般來說，普(pu)通家用插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)電壓為220V，電流為10A，理論(lun)上功率為2.2kW，而在實際使用中，充(chong)電功率一般來說只(zhi)有1.5kW。奇(qi)瑞eQ電動汽車上配備的(de)(de)(de)便(bian)攜(xie)(xie)充(chong)電裝置。

也就是說，使(shi)用(yong)便(bian)攜充(chong)(chong)電(dian)裝置，為(wei)(wei)一輛北汽新(xin)能源(yuan)EV200純電(dian)動汽車(續(xu)航里程200km，電(dian)池容(rong)量30.4kWh)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)需(xu)要20小時(shi)，為(wei)(wei)一輛比亞迪e6純電(dian)動汽車(續(xu)航300km，電(dian)池容(rong)量57kWh)充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)需(xu)要近40小時(shi)。這種速度簡直讓人無法忍(ren)受，只能是作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)其他充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方式的(de)一種補(bu)充(chong)(chong)，方便(bian)用(yong)戶隨時(shi)補(bu)電(dian)。

2、家用充電

家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是最常見的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。一(yi)般私(si)人用(yong)(yong)戶購買電動汽車都(dou)會附(fu)贈一(yi)個(ge)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。當(dang)然，光有(you)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)是不夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)，還需(xu)要有(you)車位并且物業同(tong)意(yi)安裝。寶馬i3所(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)i Wallbox Pro充(chong)電墻盒，功率為7.4kWh。在充(chong)電速(su)度方面(mian)，由于每個(ge)廠商提供的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)規格都(dou)不一(yi)樣，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)充(chong)電速(su)度也不盡相同(tong)。寶馬i3所(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)i Wallbox Pro充(chong)電墻盒功率為7.4kW。啟辰晨風有(you)2種(zhong)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，低配(pei)(pei)版的(de)(de)(de)是3.6kW，高配(pei)(pei)版的(de)(de)(de)則是6.6kW。騰勢同(tong)樣提供2種(zhong)家(jia)用(yong)(yong)充(chong)電柜可供使用(yong)(yong)，功率分別(bie)為10kW和(he)20kW。

3、公共充電

家(jia)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)雖(sui)然不(bu)錯，但還有(you)(you)(you)很多(duo)用戶(hu)由(you)于沒有(you)(you)(you)固定(ding)車位或(huo)是(shi)(shi)物(wu)業不(bu)配合(he)，無法(fa)安裝家(jia)用充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。對他們(men)來說，公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)就成(cheng)了(le)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)選擇。如(ru)果(guo)家(jia)里不(bu)能建(jian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，就只能到(dao)(dao)公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)。公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般(ban)由(you)國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網、南方電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網這類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力企業建(jian)設(she)并維(wei)護(hu)經營(ying)。在(zai)(zai)今后(hou)，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車產業的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟，也會有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)少(shao)(shao)民(min)營(ying)資(zi)本進入這一(yi)領(ling)域。公共充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)般(ban)分為快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)，前者使用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后(hou)者使用交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)：以(yi)常見(jian)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)為例，其輸出(chu)的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為380V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以(yi)達到(dao)(dao)50A，輸出(chu)功率可達19kW。不(bu)過，為了(le)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量達到(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)后(hou)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就會慢慢下降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)10A左右。所以(yi)，一(yi)般(ban)用快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量充(chong)(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)后(hou)，應該換到(dao)(dao)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)滿(man)，這樣效率更高一(yi)些。交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)：由(you)于成(cheng)本等方面有(you)(you)(you)優(you)勢，交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)數量較(jiao)多(duo)。雖(sui)然直流(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)更快(kuai)(kuai)，但是(shi)(shi)受用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷和建(jian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)限(xian)制，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站里，直流(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)數量肯定(ding)是(shi)(shi)占(zhan)少(shao)(shao)數的(de)(de)。為了(le)利用有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)的(de)(de)資(zi)源為更多(duo)人(ren)提供(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服務，必須補充(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)些交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)慢充(chong)(chong)(chong)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)。

如何快速找到充電樁

電動汽車車主可以通過網上城市服務內“汽車充電站”，通過地圖篩查和關鍵字查詢迅速找到最近的充電站，在手機里實時(shi)查(cha)看(kan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍的使用狀態。以后，車主不會再發(fa)生趕到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)才(cai)發(fa)現(xian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁已經(jing)被(bei)占用，需要等至少(shao)一兩個(ge)小時(shi)的窘境。而且，通(tong)過(guo)汽車充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可以直接操作啟(qi)動或停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁，并在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)結束(shu)后一站(zhan)(zhan)式完成支付。

目前,“汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站”充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網路已覆蓋119個城(cheng)市。這(zhe)(zhe)意味著(zhu)(zhu)這(zhe)(zhe)119個城(cheng)市內近80萬(wan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)車(che)主(zhu)可以享(xiang)受上述查找(zhao)、支(zhi)付等(deng)服務(wu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一直(zhi)面臨著(zhu)(zhu)找(zhao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)難的(de)問題，制約了行業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展。此前，市面上各類充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)都是(shi)由不同(tong)的(de)運營商各自為政，使用獨立的(de)APP。車(che)主(zhu)的(de)手機必須裝(zhuang)十(shi)幾(ji)個甚至二十(shi)幾(ji)個APP才能(neng)保證能(neng)在就近不同(tong)運營商的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

如今，網(wang)上(shang)推出“汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)站”之后，車(che)主只需要(yao)用一(yi)個APP便可以完成。只要(yao)你(ni)打開網(wang)上(shang)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)站，便會(hui)顯示附(fu)近的充(chong)電(dian)樁，你(ni)需要(yao)點擊距離你(ni)最近的一(yi)個充(chong)電(dian)樁，頁面(mian)便會(hui)顯示其(qi)地址，那么(me)你(ni)可以直接導航(hang)過去，非常便利。

新能源車充電注意事項

1、充電時間

正(zheng)確掌握充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間一般情況蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間在十小(xiao)時左(zuo)右，要避免過度充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。準備出行時要提前安排(pai)好途(tu)中充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，避免行駛(shi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不足。

2、充電頻率

建議(yi)(yi)每天都充(chong)電就(jiu)算平時(shi)行(xing)駛路程不多，還(huan)是(shi)建議(yi)(yi)每天都充(chong)電，這樣(yang)使電池(chi)處于淺循(xun)環狀態，電池(chi)的壽命會(hui)延長(chang)。原理(li)就(jiu)像手(shou)機電池(chi)充(chong)電一樣(yang)，隨時(shi)都可以(yi)充(chong)。

3、存放

嚴禁存放(fang)時虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)存放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，很容易(yi)出(chu)現硫(liu)酸鹽化，硫(liu)酸鉛(qian)結晶物附著在極板上(shang)，會堵塞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)子通道(dao)，造(zao)成(cheng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)下(xia)降。虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態閑置(zhi)時間越長，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)損壞越重(zhong)。因(yin)此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)閑置(zhi)不用(yong)(yong)時，應每月(yue)補充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一次，這(zhe)樣能較(jiao)好地保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)健康(kang)狀態。所以，平時若不經(jing)常用(yong)(yong)車(che)，也必須要打著車(che)。這(zhe)樣才(cai)不會造(zao)成(cheng)車(che)輛不必要的(de)問題(ti)出(chu)現。