驚嘆號故障

1、故障原因

一般這(zhe)個故(gu)障(zhang)在排除硬件(jian)問題以后，大多(duo)是(shi)軟件(jian)和(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)標定的(de)問題。大致原因是(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)電池溫度超過預(yu)設的(de)安(an)全值，或者(zhe)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)偶發故(gu)障(zhang)信號，自作主張的(de)限制了車輛的(de)部分功能。

2、應對方案

和解(jie)(jie)決電腦死機，手機卡頓的(de)方法一樣，重(zhong)啟(qi)就能解(jie)(jie)決大(da)(da)部分問(wen)題。純(chun)電動(dong)汽車其實也可(ke)以看做一個大(da)(da)個頭的(de)電子產(chan)品，所有電子系統(tong)和主(zhu)機的(de)供電都由(you)發(fa)動(dong)機艙內的(de)小電瓶負責(ze)。

此(ci)時(shi)只要(yao)用(yong)扳(ban)手擰下小電(dian)瓶的負(fu)極接線并保持(chi)斷(duan)開5分鐘左右，讓(rang)車(che)輛車(che)載系統處于徹底斷(duan)電(dian)狀態，之(zhi)后再將小電(dian)瓶負(fu)極線擰緊恢復。

此時車輛(liang)(liang)的系(xi)統經(jing)過斷電(dian)處(chu)理(li)后，可視(shi)為“重啟(qi)”，所有標(biao)定和檢測都恢復初始值，此時再啟(qi)動車輛(liang)(liang)，幾乎都可以(yi)順(shun)利成功(gong)。

動力電池絕緣故障

可能原因：電動汽車電池箱或插(cha)件(jian)進水(shui)，電芯漏液，環境(jing)濕度(du)大，絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)誤報，整車其他高壓部件(jian)(控制器、壓縮機等)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)不過。

處理方法：正極對地，如果有電壓或絕緣阻值小于規定值，則判處負極電路漏電；負極對地，如果有電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或絕緣阻值(zhi)(zhi)小于規(gui)定值(zhi)(zhi)，則判處正極電(dian)(dian)路漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)。根據其漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)大小除(chu)以此(ci)時的單(dan)串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)就可以計算出(chu)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)點位(wei)，然后根據不同情況分析處理。

功率限制燈亮

這是車(che)主常見的“烏龜(gui)燈”亮了，故障現象是車(che)輛的輸出功率受到(dao)限制，車(che)輛只能在40公(gong)里/小時的限速下行駛(shi)。

1、故障原因

出現這種(zhong)現象有幾個原(yuan)因，其中除去動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)即將耗盡，車(che)輛(liang)進入保護狀(zhuang)態(tai)這個非(fei)故(gu)障原(yuan)因之外，最重要的(de)就是系統檢測車(che)輛(liang)在(zai)電(dian)路系統有故(gu)障，或動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)溫度超過安全(quan)(quan)范圍，需要降低(di)功(gong)率以(yi)保證(zheng)車(che)輛(liang)相關部件的(de)安全(quan)(quan)。

2、應對方案

如果是因為(wei)動(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)虧電(dian)出現烏龜(gui)燈，那么(me)只(zhi)要盡快找地(di)方充(chong)電(dian)就能解決；如果是電(dian)池(chi)溫度過高(gao)，建(jian)議(yi)找地(di)方暫時停車(che)(che)熄火，等電(dian)池(chi)恢復安全溫度后再繼(ji)續(xu)行(xing)駛；如果急著趕路，車(che)(che)主又能自(zi)行(xing)確認車(che)(che)輛(liang)沒(mei)有其(qi)他故(gu)障(zhang)，那么(me)可以臨(lin)時停車(che)(che)，斷(duan)掉(diao)發動(dong)機艙內小電(dian)瓶的負極，讓車(che)(che)輛(liang)重啟并“沖掉(diao)”之前(qian)的故(gu)障(zhang)警告(gao)記錄。

如果(guo)在重啟(qi)以及長(chang)時間冷卻都無法(fa)讓烏龜燈熄滅，而且(qie)確認動力電池電量(liang)充沛，那就還是趕(gan)緊聯(lian)系修車(che)吧。

該圖片由注冊用戶"仰望星空"提供，版權聲明反饋

動力電池溫度故障

1、電池溫差過大

可(ke)能原因：散(san)熱風扇插(cha)頭松(song)動，散(san)熱風扇故障。

故障(zhang)排除：重(zhong)新拔(ba)插風扇插頭線(xian);給風扇單獨供(gong)電，檢查風扇是(shi)否正常。

2、電池溫度過高或過低

可能原因：散熱風(feng)扇(shan)插頭(tou)松動，散熱風(feng)扇(shan)故障，溫度探頭(tou)損壞。

故障排除：重新拔插(cha)風(feng)扇插(cha)頭(tou)線;給(gei)風(feng)扇單獨供電(dian)，檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)風(feng)扇是否正常;檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)電(dian)池實際溫(wen)度是否過高(gao)或過低;測(ce)量溫(wen)度探頭(tou)內阻。

3、電動機產生大量火花，局部過熱、抖動

可能原因：

電(dian)動機進水(shui)造成短(duan)路把電(dian)動機燒壞;

電(dian)動機(ji)超負載運行(xing)使換(huan)向器(qi)短路燒壞(huai)，現(xian)象是換(huan)向器(qi)變黑。

電動機異響

可能原因：

電動機(ji)和后橋連(lian)接同心(xin)度達不(bu)到(dao)標準;

電刷和換向器(qi)接合不好(hao)，需校正調整;

電動機里面(mian)轉子上的軸承壞，需更換。

動力電池故障

動力(li)電池故障（零部(bu)件自身故障除外，如顯示、采集模(mo)塊異常(chang)，實際并未出(chu)現該(gai)故障）

常(chang)見(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)均(jun)可(ke)在MP5中查看，如(ru)?①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均(jun)衡故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超高或(huo)(huo)超低(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)等，出現該類型故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)儀表(biao)液晶顯(xian)示(shi)屏查看動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)，是否(fou)存(cun)(cun)在一(yi)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：單(dan)節(jie)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)大于(yu)(yu)3.85V或(huo)(huo)者小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)2.5V；二級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：單(dan)節(jie)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)大于(yu)(yu)3.75V或(huo)(huo)者小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)2.7V；三(san)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：單(dan)節(jie)或(huo)(huo)多(duo)節(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)大于(yu)(yu)3.65V或(huo)(huo)者小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)2.8V。②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單(dan)體(ti)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過(guo)高或(huo)(huo)過(guo)低(di)(di)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，出現該類型故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時，可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)儀表(biao)液晶顯(xian)示(shi)屏查看動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單(dan)體(ti)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高及最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)值(zhi)(zhi)，是否(fou)存(cun)(cun)在一(yi)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)大于(yu)(yu)75℃；二級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)大于(yu)(yu)70℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)0℃；三(san)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)大于(yu)(yu)60℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)5℃。③電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)絕緣(yuan)等級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，可(ke)采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)信息液晶顯(xian)示(shi)屏查看當前(qian)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)(zhi)，是否(fou)存(cun)(cun)在一(yi)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)500KΩ；二級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)300KΩ；三(san)級(ji)(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)：絕緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)100KΩ。

當出(chu)(chu)現①類型(xing)故(gu)障時，確定單節電(dian)池在幾號電(dian)池箱內，拆箱更(geng)換(huan)該節電(dian)池，此(ci)類故(gu)障目前均由電(dian)池廠家售后人(ren)員處理；當出(chu)(chu)現②類型(xing)故(gu)障時，需溫度恢復至正常范圍，方可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)；當出(chu)(chu)現③類型(xing)故(gu)障時，需使(shi)用(yong)(yong)絕緣(yuan)檢(jian)測(ce)表，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)1000V測(ce)試檔對(dui)所有高(gao)壓連(lian)(lian)接線(xian)進行絕緣(yuan)值(zhi)測(ce)試，正常絕緣(yuan)均在1GΩ以上，出(chu)(chu)現異常值(zhi)則需確認(ren)是否為(wei)該線(xian)束(shu)絕緣(yuan)出(chu)(chu)現問題，或(huo)該線(xian)束(shu)連(lian)(lian)接的高(gao)壓用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器出(chu)(chu)現絕緣(yuan)故(gu)障。

電氣設備件不工作

電動汽(qi)車主要(yao)(yao)電氣(qi)(qi)設備有(you)各種燈(deng)具（前組合(he)燈(deng)、測燈(deng)、倒車燈(deng)、后(hou)組合(he)燈(deng)等(deng)）、收音機、頂部風扇(shan)、真空泵(beng)、刮(gua)水(shui)器(qi)、組合(he)儀(yi)(yi)表、電動助力轉(zhuan)向器(qi)、空調等(deng)。現(xian)場調試過(guo)程中，收音機、真空泵(beng)、組合(he)儀(yi)(yi)表和刮(gua)水(shui)器(qi)經(jing)常(chang)出現(xian)不工(gong)作故障。?電氣(qi)(qi)設備工(gong)作不正常(chang)主要(yao)(yao)是指(zhi)工(gong)作狀態(tai)與(yu)設計(ji)狀態(tai)不一(yi)致，如真空泵(beng)不停地抽氣(qi)(qi)、組合(he)儀(yi)(yi)表顯示不正常(chang)、收音機有(you)很大的(de)干擾等(deng)。

電氣設備不工作的故障分析與處理

電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備工作(zuo)需要符合一(yi)定(ding)的條件，普遍的條件是(shi)(shi)需要有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)源供給、搭(da)鐵。電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備不工作(zuo)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)因為沒(mei)有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)源供給，首(shou)先使用(yong)萬用(yong)表確(que)(que)定(ding)有(you)(you)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)源供給，確(que)(que)認(ren)線束(shu)插接口有(you)(you)無(wu)松動(dong)情況出(chu)現(xian)，再確(que)(que)認(ren)搭(da)鐵是(shi)(shi)否正常。如果均無(wu)上(shang)述情況，則有(you)(you)可能是(shi)(shi)此電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備自(zi)身問題，可以換一(yi)個同款設(she)備接上(shang)嘗試。這類故障(zhang)一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)線束(shu)環節導致電(dian)(dian)源供給中斷，可以根據電(dian)(dian)氣原理圖往前推(tui)確(que)(que)定(ding)故障(zhang)點(dian)。

電動汽車整車沒電

1、保險絲(si)壞(huai)，用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表測量電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓(ya)如有電(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)則正常，如無電(dian)壓(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)則保險絲(si)壞(huai)或(huo)電(dian)池(chi)接插頭掉或(huo)電(dian)池(chi)壞(huai)。

2、接線插頭松動，檢(jian)查電源開關接插件。

3、電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)壞(huai)，用萬用表測量電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)輸入、輸出線兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)壓，如有正常(chang)電(dian)(dian)壓輸出則(ze)電(dian)(dian)源開(kai)關(guan)正

常，如(ru)無(wu)電壓輸(shu)出。則電源(yuan)開關壞(huai)〔電池有電壓輸(shu)出情(qing)況下〕則予(yu)以維修或更換。

充電機不充電

1、充電(dian)機(ji)保險絲燒壞(huai)，此時充電(dian)機(ji)各指(zhi)示燈均不亮，須更(geng)換保險絲。

2、電(dian)池組線掉，則(ze)把電(dian)池連(lian)接(jie)線接(jie)好(hao)。

3、充電機插(cha)(cha)頭和電池插(cha)(cha)座接(jie)插(cha)(cha)不到位，應重新接(jie)插(cha)(cha)。

4、充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)壞，此時充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)保(bao)險(xian)絲正常，用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)測(ce)充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)輸出電(dian)壓應為(wei)零。這(zhe)種(zhong)情況下，先斷開電(dian)源(yuan)、停止(zhi)使用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，過十幾分種(zhong)后重(zhong)新使用(yong)充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

電動機不轉

1、保險(xian)絲燒(shao)掉，更換。

2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關壞，更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關。判斷方(fang)法：打開(kai)(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關，用萬用表歐姆(mu)檔測量一下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關的輸(shu)入端與輸(shu)出端之(zhi)間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)為零則(ze)正常，如(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)無窮大，則(ze)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關壞。

3、加(jia)速器(qi)壞，用萬用表(biao)直流電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)檔(dang)測量一下加(jia)速器(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)端電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，如有電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)則(ze)正(zheng)常，如無電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)則(ze)不(bu)正(zheng)常，入伍電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)則(ze)加(jia)速器(qi)壞，須更換。

4、控(kong)制(zhi)器壞(huai)，須(xu)更換電控(kong)。用(yong)萬用(yong)表測(ce)量電控(kong)輸(shu)出端(duan)電壓(ya)，有輸(shu)出電壓(ya)則(ze)好，否則(ze)則(ze)壞(huai)。

5、電動機(ji)燒壞，更(geng)換電動機(ji)。

6、電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)各連接(jie)線(xian)(xian)線(xian)(xian)頭(tou)松動(dong)，把電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)各連接(jie)線(xian)(xian)頭(tou)重新(xin)檢查(cha)一遍。