一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是(shi)國家為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)障職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)法(fa)權益而規(gui)(gui)定的(de)強制性保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，用(yong)人單(dan)位具(ju)有(you)為(wei)其員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)并繳納保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)費(fei)的(de)法(fa)定義務(wu)；根據大(da)陸《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例》相關規(gui)(gui)定，應當(dang)參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)而未參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)用(yong)人單(dan)位職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)的(de)，由該用(yong)人單(dan)位按照(zhao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)例規(gui)(gui)定的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇專案(an)和(he)標準支付費(fei)用(yong)。

而商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具有自愿性，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)為其員工購(gou)買商(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一般(ban)認為屬于用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)給予員工的(de)(de)(de)福利待遇，并(bing)不能轉(zhuan)移用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)承擔的(de)(de)(de)工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)如要(yao)想實(shi)現(xian)分(fen)散工傷風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，可在理賠時(shi)與(yu)勞動者達成保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金權益轉(zhuan)讓(rang)協議，將(jiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金權益轉(zhuan)讓(rang)給用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)。或投保(bao)(bao)(bao)財產保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)(de)物為企業(ye)對雇(gu)(gu)(gu)員在雇(gu)(gu)(gu)傭期間應(ying)(ying)承擔的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)賠償責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)，受益人(ren)(ren)是(shi)雇(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)，所(suo)以保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金是(shi)賠償給雇(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)，而且受法(fa)律(lv)和條款的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。因此(ci)轉(zhuan)移法(fa)律(lv)賠償責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)(ying)購(gou)買雇(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"大吉大利"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)傷保(bao)險(xian)(xian)是社(she)會(hui)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)制度的(de)重要組成部分，是國家和(he)社(she)會(hui)為在生產、工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)遭受(shou)事故(gu)傷害和(he)患職業性疾病的(de)勞(lao)動者及親屬提供醫療(liao)救治、生活保(bao)障(zhang)、經濟補償(chang)(chang)、醫療(liao)和(he)職業康復等物質幫助的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)制度。意(yi)外傷害險(xian)(xian)是指人的(de)身體和(he)生命受(shou)到外來和(he)不(bu)可(ke)抗拒因(yin)素的(de)意(yi)外傷害后，根據投保(bao)對雙方合(he)同的(de)約定和(he)投保(bao)額，從保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司獲(huo)取(qu)相應的(de)賠償(chang)(chang)，二者并不(bu)相同。

首(shou)先，工傷(shang)保險是一(yi)種政(zheng)府行(xing)為，而人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)害險是一(yi)種商業行(xing)為。工傷(shang)保險所提供的保障(zhang)水平一(yi)般僅滿(man)足于(yu)被保險人(ren)的基本生活需要(yao),高于(yu)社(she)會貧(pin)困(kun)線，低于(yu)勞動(dong)期(qi)間(jian)的工資標(biao)準(zhun)；人(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)害險所提供的保障(zhang)水平的高低完全(quan)取決保險雙方當(dang)事人(ren)的約定(ding)和投保人(ren)交(jiao)費(fei)的多少(shao)而決定(ding)，投保人(ren)只要(yao)有(you)繳(jiao)費(fei)能力、身(shen)(shen)體健康狀況符(fu)合合同規(gui)定(ding)的要(yao)求(qiu)，投保金額不論(lun)多少(shao)都是可以的。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由政府的(de)勞動和社會(hui)保(bao)障部(bu)門(社會(hui)保(bao)險機構)管理(li)，具有強(qiang)制性，如果(guo)用人單位(wei)違反規定不(bu)為職工購(gou)買工傷保(bao)險，將承擔一定的(de)社會(hui)責任。依照(zhao)《工傷保(bao)險條(tiao)例》第六十二條(tiao)規定，工傷保(bao)險具有社會(hui)強(qiang)制性而意外傷害(hai)保(bao)險則屬于商業(ye)保(bao)險，其(qi)規范(fan)調整屬于商法(fa)部(bu)門，不(bu)具有強(qiang)制性，保(bao)險的(de)賠償金額可根(gen)據投保(bao)金額大(da)小而不(bu)同(tong)，體現締約自由性。

再次(ci)，從繳費標準看，工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇(yu)是(shi)根據社會經(jing)濟發展水平(ping)和承受能力，由政府制定(ding)(ding)統一的(de)繳費標準。在支付(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇(yu)時，要考慮工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)職工(gong)(gong)和供養親屬的(de)基本生(sheng)活需(xu)要。人(ren)身意外傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)額則是(shi)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)雙(shuang)方約定(ding)(ding)的(de)，當發生(sheng)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)事(shi)故時，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)按合同規定(ding)(ding)的(de)金(jin)額一次(ci)性賠付(fu)(fu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)，其保(bao)(bao)障水平(ping)是(shi)依據合同和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)交納的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費多少(shao)(shao)而定(ding)(ding)的(de)，多投(tou)多保(bao)(bao)，少(shao)(shao)投(tou)少(shao)(shao)保(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)不保(bao)(bao)。

最后，從承擔責(ze)任的(de)主體看,建立工傷保險(xian)(xian)的(de)目的(de)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)分(fen)散用人單位承擔責(ze)任的(de)風險(xian)(xian)，調(diao)動(dong)社(she)會(hui)力量(liang)以保證用人單位損失減少，因此(ci)，用人單位在繳納(na)一定(ding)數(shu)額保險(xian)(xian)金后，最后由(you)國(guo)家統(tong)一管理的(de)社(she)會(hui)基(ji)金支付賠償(chang)(chang)金。而人身意(yi)外傷害保險(xian)(xian)其賠償(chang)(chang)是(shi)由(you)保險(xian)(xian)公司從收取的(de)保費中支付。

根(gen)據勞動和社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障部(bu)辦公廳《關于參加(jia)(jia)商(shang)(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)中的人(ren)身意(yi)外(wai)傷害(hai)(hai)險(xian)后是(shi)否(fou)還應當參加(jia)(jia)工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)問題(ti)的復函》的有關規(gui)定(ding)，工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)是(shi)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的一個重要組成部(bu)分，是(shi)國(guo)家強制實施的一項社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障制度。按照勞動法第七十二條“用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)和勞動者必須依法參加(jia)(jia)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)，繳納社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費”的規(gui)定(ding)，中國(guo)境內(nei)的企業(ye)無(wu)論是(shi)否(fou)參加(jia)(jia)了商(shang)(shang)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)中的人(ren)身意(yi)外(wai)傷害(hai)(hai)險(xian)，都(dou)必須按照國(guo)家規(gui)定(ding)參加(jia)(jia)工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)。人(ren)身意(yi)外(wai)傷害(hai)(hai)險(xian)不能代(dai)替工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)。企業(ye)在參加(jia)(jia)工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的同時，可以根(gen)據本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)的實際情況，為職工辦理人(ren)身意(yi)外(wai)傷害(hai)(hai)險(xian)。用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)的投保(bao)(bao)行(xing)為純(chun)粹屬(shu)于給(gei)員工的額外(wai)福利，無(wu)法起到替代(dai)工傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)的功能。

綜(zong)上，職工(gong)在獲得人(ren)身(shen)意外傷害(hai)險賠償(chang)(chang)后，仍可(ke)以(yi)主張工(gong)傷保險賠償(chang)(chang)。用人(ren)單位不能以(yi)職工(gong)已獲得人(ren)身(shen)意外傷害(hai)賠償(chang)(chang)為由進行抗(kang)辯，職工(gong)可(ke)以(yi)同時(shi)得到該兩種賠償(chang)(chang)。