一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國(guo)家(jia)為了保(bao)(bao)障職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合法權(quan)益而(er)規(gui)(gui)定的(de)強制性保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位具(ju)有為其員工(gong)(gong)(gong)參加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)并繳(jiao)納(na)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費的(de)法定義務；根(gen)據大陸《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條例》相關規(gui)(gui)定，應當參加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)而(er)未(wei)參加工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)發生工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)，由(you)該用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位按照工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條例規(gui)(gui)定的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)待遇專案和標準支付費用(yong)(yong)。

而(er)商業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)具有自(zi)愿性(xing)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位為其員(yuan)工購買(mai)商業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)，一般認為屬于用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位給予員(yuan)工的(de)(de)福(fu)利待遇，并(bing)不能轉移用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位承擔的(de)(de)工傷(shang)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位如要想實現(xian)分(fen)散工傷(shang)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，可(ke)在(zai)理(li)賠(pei)時(shi)與(yu)勞動者達成保險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)權益轉讓協議，將保險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)權益轉讓給用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位。或(huo)投保財產保險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)被(bei)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)物為企業(ye)對雇(gu)(gu)員(yuan)在(zai)雇(gu)(gu)傭期(qi)間應(ying)承擔的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，受益人(ren)(ren)是(shi)雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)，所以(yi)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)是(shi)賠(pei)償給雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)，而(er)且受法(fa)(fa)律(lv)和條(tiao)款(kuan)的(de)(de)保護。因(yin)此轉移法(fa)(fa)律(lv)賠(pei)償責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)購買(mai)雇(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)制(zhi)度的重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，是(shi)國(guo)家和社會(hui)(hui)為在生產、工(gong)作(zuo)中遭受(shou)事(shi)故傷害和患(huan)職業(ye)性疾(ji)病的勞動者及親屬提供(gong)醫(yi)療救治、生活保(bao)(bao)(bao)障、經濟補償(chang)、醫(yi)療和職業(ye)康復等物質幫助的一種社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障制(zhi)度。意(yi)外(wai)(wai)傷害險(xian)(xian)是(shi)指(zhi)人(ren)的身體和生命受(shou)到外(wai)(wai)來和不(bu)可抗拒因(yin)素的意(yi)外(wai)(wai)傷害后(hou)，根據投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)對雙方合同的約定和投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)額，從保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司獲取相(xiang)(xiang)應的賠償(chang)，二(er)者并不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)同。

首先，工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)是一(yi)種(zhong)政府行(xing)為，而(er)人身意外(wai)傷害險(xian)是一(yi)種(zhong)商(shang)業行(xing)為。工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平(ping)一(yi)般(ban)僅(jin)滿足于被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)人的基本生活需要(yao)(yao)(yao),高于社會貧困(kun)線，低(di)于勞動期(qi)間的工(gong)資標準；人身意外(wai)傷害險(xian)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平(ping)的高低(di)完全取決保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)雙(shuang)方當事人的約定和投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人交費的多(duo)少而(er)決定，投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有繳費能(neng)力、身體健康狀(zhuang)況符(fu)合(he)合(he)同規(gui)定的要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)金額不論多(duo)少都是可以的。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由政府(fu)的(de)(de)勞動和社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障部門(社會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險機構)管理(li)，具(ju)有(you)(you)強制性，如果用人單位違反規(gui)定不為(wei)職工購(gou)買工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險，將承擔一(yi)定的(de)(de)社會(hui)責任。依照《工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險條(tiao)例》第六十二(er)條(tiao)規(gui)定，工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險具(ju)有(you)(you)社會(hui)強制性而意(yi)外傷(shang)(shang)害保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險則屬于商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險，其規(gui)范(fan)調(diao)整屬于商(shang)法部門，不具(ju)有(you)(you)強制性，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險的(de)(de)賠償金額可根(gen)據投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)金額大小而不同(tong)，體現(xian)締約自(zi)由性。

再次，從繳費標準(zhun)看(kan)，工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待(dai)遇是根據(ju)社(she)會(hui)經濟發展水平(ping)和承受能(neng)力(li)，由(you)政府制定(ding)統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)繳費標準(zhun)。在支(zhi)付工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待(dai)遇時，要考慮工傷(shang)(shang)職(zhi)工和供養親(qin)屬的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)生活需要。人(ren)(ren)身意外傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)額則是保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)雙方(fang)約定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，當發生保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故時，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)按合(he)同規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)(jin)額一(yi)次性賠付保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)，其保(bao)(bao)(bao)障水平(ping)是依(yi)據(ju)合(he)同和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)交(jiao)納的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費多(duo)少而定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)，多(duo)投(tou)多(duo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)，少投(tou)少保(bao)(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)不保(bao)(bao)(bao)。

最后，從承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)責(ze)任的(de)(de)主體看(kan),建立(li)工(gong)傷保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)是為了分(fen)散用(yong)人單位承(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)責(ze)任的(de)(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，調動社(she)會力(li)量以保(bao)證用(yong)人單位損失減(jian)少，因(yin)此，用(yong)人單位在繳納一定(ding)數額保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)后，最后由(you)國(guo)家統一管理的(de)(de)社(she)會基金(jin)支付(fu)賠償金(jin)。而人身意外(wai)傷害(hai)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)其賠償是由(you)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司從收取的(de)(de)保(bao)費中支付(fu)。

根(gen)據勞動(dong)和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)部辦公(gong)廳《關(guan)于(yu)(yu)參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)商業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后(hou)是否還應當參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)復函(han)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關(guan)規(gui)定，工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)組成(cheng)部分，是國(guo)家(jia)強(qiang)制實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)制度。按照勞動(dong)法第七十二(er)條“用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位和(he)勞動(dong)者必須(xu)(xu)依法參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，繳納社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)費”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，中(zhong)國(guo)境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)無論是否參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)了商業(ye)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，都必須(xu)(xu)按照國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)定參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)不能(neng)(neng)代(dai)替工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。企業(ye)在參加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，可以根(gen)據本單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際情況，為(wei)職(zhi)工(gong)辦理人(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行為(wei)純粹屬于(yu)(yu)給(gei)員工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)外(wai)福(fu)利，無法起到替代(dai)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)。

綜上，職工(gong)在獲得(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害險賠償(chang)后，仍可以(yi)主(zhu)張(zhang)工(gong)傷保(bao)險賠償(chang)。用人(ren)(ren)單位不能(neng)以(yi)職工(gong)已(yi)獲得(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害賠償(chang)為(wei)由進(jin)行(xing)抗辯(bian)，職工(gong)可以(yi)同(tong)時得(de)(de)到該(gai)兩種賠償(chang)。