一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國家為了保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)職(zhi)工(gong)合法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)而規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)強制性保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位具(ju)有為其員工(gong)參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)并繳納(na)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)定(ding)(ding)義務；根(gen)據大陸《工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條例(li)》相(xiang)關規定(ding)(ding)，應當參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)而未參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位職(zhi)工(gong)發生工(gong)傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)，由該用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位按照工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條例(li)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)待遇(yu)專案和標準支付費(fei)用(yong)。

而(er)商(shang)業保險(xian)(xian)具有(you)自愿(yuan)性，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位為(wei)其(qi)員工購(gou)(gou)買商(shang)業保險(xian)(xian)，一般認為(wei)屬于用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位給予員工的(de)(de)福利待(dai)遇，并不能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位承(cheng)(cheng)擔的(de)(de)工傷保險(xian)(xian)責(ze)任(ren)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位如(ru)要想實現分散工傷風險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，可在理賠(pei)(pei)時與(yu)勞動者達成保險(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)協議(yi)，將(jiang)保險(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)權益(yi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)給用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位。或(huo)投保財產保險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)保險(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)被保險(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)物為(wei)企(qi)業對(dui)雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)員在雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)傭期間應承(cheng)(cheng)擔的(de)(de)法律賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任(ren)，受益(yi)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)，所(suo)以保險(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)是(shi)(shi)賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)給雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)，而(er)且受法律和(he)條(tiao)款的(de)(de)保護。因此轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移法律賠(pei)(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任(ren)應購(gou)(gou)買雇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任(ren)險(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)是社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度的(de)重要組成部分，是國家和(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)為在生產、工(gong)作中遭(zao)受事故傷(shang)害(hai)和(he)(he)患職業性(xing)疾病(bing)的(de)勞動者(zhe)及親屬提供(gong)醫(yi)療救治、生活保(bao)(bao)障、經(jing)濟補(bu)償、醫(yi)療和(he)(he)職業康復(fu)等物質幫助的(de)一種社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障制(zhi)度。意外傷(shang)害(hai)險(xian)是指人的(de)身體(ti)和(he)(he)生命受到外來和(he)(he)不(bu)可抗拒因素的(de)意外傷(shang)害(hai)后，根據(ju)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)對雙方(fang)合同的(de)約(yue)定和(he)(he)投(tou)保(bao)(bao)額，從保(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司獲取(qu)相應(ying)的(de)賠償，二者(zhe)并不(bu)相同。

首先，工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)一(yi)種政府行(xing)為，而人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)一(yi)種商業行(xing)為。工傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)所提供(gong)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障水平一(yi)般僅滿足(zu)于被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)基本生活需要,高(gao)于社會貧(pin)困線，低于勞動期(qi)間的(de)(de)工資(zi)標準；人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)所提供(gong)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)障水平的(de)(de)高(gao)低完(wan)全取(qu)決保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)雙方當事人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)約定和投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)交(jiao)費的(de)(de)多少而決定，投保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)只要有(you)繳費能力、身(shen)體健康狀況符合(he)合(he)同規(gui)定的(de)(de)要求，投保(bao)(bao)金(jin)額(e)不論多少都是(shi)可以的(de)(de)。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由(you)政府(fu)的(de)勞(lao)動和(he)社會(hui)保障部(bu)門(社會(hui)保險機構)管理(li)，具(ju)有強(qiang)制性，如果用人單位違反規定(ding)不為(wei)職工(gong)(gong)購(gou)買工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保險，將(jiang)承擔一定(ding)的(de)社會(hui)責任。依照《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保險條例(li)》第六十二條規定(ding)，工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)保險具(ju)有社會(hui)強(qiang)制性而意外(wai)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害保險則屬于商(shang)業保險，其規范(fan)調整屬于商(shang)法部(bu)門，不具(ju)有強(qiang)制性，保險的(de)賠(pei)償金(jin)額可根據(ju)投保金(jin)額大小(xiao)而不同，體現締約(yue)自由(you)性。

再次，從繳費(fei)(fei)標(biao)準看，工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待遇(yu)是根據社會經濟發展(zhan)水平和(he)承受能力，由政(zheng)府制定統一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)繳費(fei)(fei)標(biao)準。在支付工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待遇(yu)時，要考慮工(gong)傷(shang)職工(gong)和(he)供養親屬的(de)(de)(de)基本生活需(xu)要。人身意外(wai)傷(shang)害險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金額則是保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人和(he)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)人雙方約定的(de)(de)(de)，當(dang)發生保(bao)(bao)險(xian)事故時，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人按合同規定的(de)(de)(de)金額一(yi)次性賠(pei)付保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金，其保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)水平是依(yi)據合同和(he)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)人交(jiao)納的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費(fei)(fei)多(duo)少(shao)而(er)定的(de)(de)(de)，多(duo)投(tou)(tou)多(duo)保(bao)(bao)，少(shao)投(tou)(tou)少(shao)保(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)(tou)不保(bao)(bao)。

最(zui)后，從承擔(dan)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)主體看,建立(li)工傷保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)的(de)目的(de)是為了分散(san)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)承擔(dan)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)風險(xian)，調動社(she)會力量以保(bao)(bao)(bao)證用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)損失減少(shao)，因此，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)在(zai)繳納一定數(shu)額保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)金(jin)后，最(zui)后由(you)國家統一管(guan)理(li)的(de)社(she)會基金(jin)支付賠償(chang)金(jin)。而人(ren)(ren)身意外傷害保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)其(qi)賠償(chang)是由(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公司從收取的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)費中(zhong)支付。

根據勞動和社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障部辦公廳(ting)《關于(yu)參加(jia)商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)后是(shi)否還應(ying)當參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)問題的(de)(de)(de)(de)復函》的(de)(de)(de)(de)有關規(gui)定，工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，是(shi)國家(jia)強制實(shi)施的(de)(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障制度。按照(zhao)勞動法第(di)七十(shi)二(er)條“用人(ren)單位和勞動者必(bi)須依法參加(jia)社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，繳納社會保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)費”的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定，中國境(jing)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)企業無論是(shi)否參加(jia)了(le)商業保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)，都必(bi)須按照(zhao)國家(jia)規(gui)定參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)不能代(dai)替工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。企業在參加(jia)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，可以(yi)根據本(ben)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際情況，為(wei)職工(gong)(gong)辦理人(ren)身(shen)意外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)(shang)害險(xian)(xian)(xian)。用人(ren)單位的(de)(de)(de)(de)投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)行為(wei)純粹屬(shu)于(yu)給員工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額外(wai)(wai)福利，無法起到替代(dai)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。

綜上，職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)在(zai)獲得(de)人身意(yi)外傷害險賠(pei)償(chang)后，仍可(ke)以(yi)主(zhu)張(zhang)工(gong)傷保險賠(pei)償(chang)。用人單位(wei)不能(neng)以(yi)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)已獲得(de)人身意(yi)外傷害賠(pei)償(chang)為(wei)由(you)進行抗辯，職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)可(ke)以(yi)同時(shi)得(de)到該兩種(zhong)賠(pei)償(chang)。