青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)歷史上的宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)較(jiao)為(wei)活(huo)躍,先(xian)后有道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基督新教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入,日(ri)本(ben)神(shen)道(dao)也曾在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩次日(ri)占時期占有一(yi)(yi)席之地(di)。最早傳(chuan)(chuan)入的是(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。公(gong)元前140年即有道(dao)人在(zai)(zai)(zai)嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)修行。公(gong)元3世紀佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入,建于公(gong)元264年的嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)崇佛寺為(wei)佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)的發(fa)端(duan)之地(di)。清末基督教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入,有十幾個國(guo)家的傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1914年第(di)一(yi)(yi)次日(ri)占時期,日(ri)本(ben)神(shen)道(dao)隨日(ri)本(ben)僑民和官兵一(yi)(yi)道(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao),建立了青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)神(shen)社{{原址(zhi)位于若鶴町二(er)丁目,今市北區遼寧路西段(duan)貯水(shui)山(shan)(shan)}}等一(yi)(yi)些參拜(bai)場所,戰后均被毀(hui)。1920年代初,伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)入。宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)開展活(huo)躍,影響深遠。嶗(lao)山(shan)(shan)被譽為(wei)中國(guo)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)全真派(pai)(pai)第(di)二(er)叢林,湛山(shan)(shan)寺為(wei)佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)臺宗在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)內外都有影響的名剎。各(ge)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派(pai)(pai)建立了許多(duo)傳(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)社團,先(xian)后有長(chang)老會(hui)、浸(jin)信會(hui)、信義會(hui)、同善(shan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)等差會(hui)、修會(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)創辦(ban)學校(xiao)、醫院(yuan)、慈善(shan)機構等公(gong)益事(shi)業。
共和(he)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)后,實行宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民(min)主(zhu)改革,廢(fei)除了道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中(zhong)的(de)部分(fen)舊制度(du),將從是(shi)反政(zheng)府活(huo)動(dong)的(de)天主(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)外國(guo)(guo)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士全(quan)部驅逐出境,沒收外國(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)的(de)財(cai)產歸(gui)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)所有,將宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)控制在(zai)中(zhong)共政(zheng)策的(de)指引下(xia)進(jin)行。“文化大革命”期間(jian),正常的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)均(jun)被迫停止(zhi)。1978年后,恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)和(he)落實了中(zhong)共的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)策。1980年,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)人民(min)政(zheng)府宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務處恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)辦公,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛國(guo)(guo)組織和(he)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體(ti)相繼恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)和(he)重新(xin)建立(li)(li)。后相繼成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)基督(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)、青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)、青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)和(he)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)。2001年,青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)開始把駐青(qing)(qing)外國(guo)(guo)人的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)納入依法管理范圍,為青(qing)(qing)島(dao)境內的(de)外國(guo)(guo)人確(que)定(ding)活(huo)動(dong)點。2002年,逐級建立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作責任(ren)制,有宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)村(居)設立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作聯絡員(yuan);在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)首創成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)政(zheng)策法規宣(xuan)講團;在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)首次開展宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體(ti)屆中(zhong)評估工作,建立(li)(li)與宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體(ti)負責人聯系(xi)制度(du)。2003年實施《青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職人員(yuan)管理辦法》、《青(qing)(qing)島(dao)市(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)團體(ti)及宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)場所財(cai)務管理暫行規定(ding)》。2004年,湛山佛學院成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)。
1、道教
中國道(dao)(dao)教流行于嶗(lao)山(shan)已有2000余年的歷史(shi)。其發端始于兩漢,盛于宋元(yuan)。公(gong)元(yuan)前140年,上(shang)清派茅(mao)山(shan)宗在(zai)今(jin)嶗(lao)山(shan)太清景區(qu)老君峰下(xia)始建(jian)太清宮。宋初上(shang)清派茅(mao)山(shan)宗華蓋真人(ren)劉(liu)若拙在(zai)今(jin)嶗(lao)山(shan)上(shang)清景區(qu)敕(chi)建(jian)上(shang)清宮道(dao)(dao)場,在(zai)今(jin)仰口(kou)景區(qu)的上(shang)苑山(shan)奉(feng)敕(chi)建(jian)造(zao)太平宮。明萬歷皇帝賜太清宮《道(dao)(dao)藏(zang)》一(yi)部,以鎮名山(shan)。
自(zi)西漢張(zhang)(zhang)廉夫開山(shan)始基以來(lai),許多著名(ming)道(dao)(dao)士(shi)來(lai)嶗山(shan)潛(qian)修,著書立說,其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)唐(tang)代道(dao)(dao)化普濟真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)李哲玄、宋代華蓋真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)劉若拙、元(yuan)代長(chang)春演道(dao)(dao)主(zhu)教真(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)(ren)丘處機、長(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)輔化宗玄明(ming)德真(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)劉長(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)、道(dao)(dao)教祖師之一張(zhang)(zhang)三豐、明(ming)朝中(zhong)(zhong)元(yuan)永壽太和真(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)徐(xu)復陽、上(shang)元(yuan)普濟道(dao)(dao)化真(zhen)(zhen)君(jun)齊本(ben)守等。這些著名(ming)道(dao)(dao)士(shi)在嶗山(shan)棲居講道(dao)(dao),先后建(jian)有(you)九宮八觀七十二(er)庵。有(you)金山(shan)派(pai)(pai)、隨山(shan)派(pai)(pai)、龍門派(pai)(pai)、華山(shan)派(pai)(pai)等十幾個教派(pai)(pai)。嶗山(shan)太清宮是中(zhong)(zhong)國道(dao)(dao)教全真(zhen)(zhen)派(pai)(pai)的重要叢林之一。明(ming)代在今市北區海(hai)云(yun)街始建(jian)道(dao)(dao)教宮觀海(hai)云(yun)庵,原(yuan)為(wei)佛寺,1926年(nian)翻修后,由道(dao)(dao)士(shi)掌管,屬道(dao)(dao)教華山(shan)派(pai)(pai)。
共和(he)國成立時(shi),尚存道(dao)觀59處,其(qi)中有西漢、后(hou)漢、北魏(wei)、唐、五代(dai)、宋(song)、元、明、清(qing)及(ji)民(min)國建筑(zhu)。人民(min)政府出(chu)資整修(xiu)了一批著名道(dao)觀。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou),青(qing)島市人民(min)政府對太(tai)清(qing)宮、太(tai)平宮、上清(qing)宮、明霞洞、海(hai)云庵(an)(an)等(deng)道(dao)觀進行(xing)修(xiu)繕,恢(hui)復宗(zong)教活動。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)島市道(dao)教協會成立。1994年(nian)(nian)(nian)修(xiu)復海(hai)云庵(an)(an),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)十六舉辦海(hai)云庵(an)(an)糖球會。全市現共有太(tai)清(qing)宮、海(hai)云庵(an)(an)、于姑庵(an)(an)等(deng)開放道(dao)觀5所。
2、佛教
佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教在青島的(de)發展歷(li)史悠久。公(gong)元(yuan)264年(nian),嶗山(shan)建(jian)(jian)崇佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教傳(chuan)入青島。公(gong)元(yuan)412年(nian),高(gao)僧法(fa)顯從(cong)天竺取經(jing)(jing)回國途中,在嶗山(shan)登(deng)陸,并(bing)(bing)在不其(qi)城(今(jin)城陽區)翻譯并(bing)(bing)講(jiang)經(jing)(jing)三個(ge)月,傳(chuan)播(bo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教文化。此(ci)后(hou)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教在青島逐步得(de)到發展,許多朝(chao)代都建(jian)(jian)有佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教寺院,其(qi)中有北魏的(de)法(fa)海(hai)寺,唐朝(chao)的(de)潮海(hai)院、石佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺,元(yuan)朝(chao)的(de)清涼院、菩薩廟,明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)于姑庵(an)、觀音寺、華嚴寺等(deng)。20世紀初,一些有識之士為弘揚佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教文化,籌資興建(jian)(jian)了(le)毗(pi)廬(lu)庵(an)、靈(ling)圣(sheng)寺等(deng)。1934年(nian),今(jin)市南區芝泉(quan)路建(jian)(jian)設了(le)中國最年(nian)輕的(de)天臺宗(zong)寺院——湛山(shan)寺。同年(nian)居士王湘汀(ting)出資在今(jin)小魚山(shan)公(gong)園山(shan)頂上興建(jian)(jian)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)教居士聚(ju)會場(chang)所——湛山(shan)精舍,每周日(ri)下(xia)午講(jiang)經(jing)(jing)。湛山(shan)寺建(jian)(jian)成后(hou),每年(nian)農歷(li)四月初八舉行浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)節,紀念佛(fo)(fo)(fo)祖(zu)釋(shi)迎牟尼誕辰,僧眾、居士在主(zhu)持方丈帶(dai)領下(xia),在浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)壇上進(jin)行浴(yu)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)儀式。開廟逢會三天。屆時(shi)善男信女(nv)進(jin)廟燒(shao)香者(zhe)絡繹(yi)不絕(jue)。寺周圍眾多攤(tan)販叫賣,各地(di)民(min)間藝人也來此(ci)表(biao)演,熱(re)鬧非凡。
第(di)二次日占(zhan)時期(qi),設有(you)日本(ben)佛寺(si)7處,日本(ben)投降后皆(jie)被(bei)取(qu)締。共和國成立前(qian)夕(xi),尚(shang)存寺(si)院13處,和尚(shang)23人(ren),尼(ni)姑6人(ren),寄居7人(ren)。1956年,居士定期(qi)聚會(hui)被(bei)中止;1959年,湛(zhan)山精舍被(bei)拆(chai)除。“文化大革命”期(qi)間湛(zhan)山廟(miao)會(hui)中斷。1978年改革開(kai)放(fang)(fang)后,政府多次撥款對法海寺(si)、華(hua)嚴寺(si)、于姑庵、湛(zhan)山寺(si)等重(zhong)點佛教寺(si)院進行維修。湛(zhan)山寺(si)對外開(kai)放(fang)(fang)。1988年,湛(zhan)山廟(miao)會(hui)恢復;此后每年均(jun)舉辦(ban),并漸融經(jing)貿、旅游活(huo)動(dong)為(wei)一體,赴廟(miao)會(hui)者(zhe)在(zai)數十萬人(ren)以上。現為(wei)青(qing)島惟一佛教廟(miao)會(hui)。1992年成立青(qing)島市佛教協會(hui)。全市現共有(you)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)佛廟(miao)2處。
3、基督新教
青(qing)島(dao)基督教新教和青(qing)島(dao)教會
1873年(nian)(nian),美國傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)郭顯德(de)來(lai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)進行傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong),基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)入青(qing)島(dao)(dao)。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒集(ji)資在今(jin)嶗山區北(bei)宅(zhai)街道(dao)興(xing)建青(qing)島(dao)(dao)最早的(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)——南(nan)(nan)北(bei)嶺教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),屬美國北(bei)美長老會(hui)(hui)。1897年(nian)(nian)德(de)國設立租界(jie)地后(hou),外(wai)國傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)紛紛進入青(qing)島(dao)(dao)。1898年(nian)(nian),德(de)國信義(yi)會(hui)(hui)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)昆祚來(lai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、辦學(xue)校、開醫院(yuan)(yuan);1900年(nian)(nian),昆祚在今(jin)市北(bei)區清和路(lu)主(zhu)持興(xing)建路(lu)德(de)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。1908年(nian)(nian),膠(jiao)澳總督(du)(du)(du)府在今(jin)市南(nan)(nan)區江(jiang)蘇路(lu)出資興(xing)建基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。1931年(nian)(nian),中國人(ren)在陵(ling)縣路(lu)創建基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)靈恩會(hui)(hui)。1935年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)在錦州路(lu)成(cheng)立。1938年(nian)(nian),魯東信義(yi)會(hui)(hui)在今(jin)市南(nan)(nan)區觀象二路(lu)興(xing)建圣(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)羅堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。1942年(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)徒聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)中心在龍山路(lu)建成(cheng),信徒曾達4000余人(ren)。至1949年(nian)(nian),共有屬于11個差會(hui)(hui)(基(ji)(ji)(ji)督(du)(du)(du)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)海外(wai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組織(zhi))的(de)德(de)、英、日、美、法等13個國家的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)在青(qing)島(dao)(dao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),有教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派21個,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)及(ji)聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)場所140余處(chu)(chu)(chu)(其中禮拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)60處(chu)(chu)(chu)),神學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)3處(chu)(chu)(chu),外(wai)籍傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士(shi)90人(ren),中國牧師52人(ren),信徒1.2萬(wan)人(ren)。主(zhu)要禮拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)有江(jiang)蘇路(lu)禮拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、圣(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)羅堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、路(lu)德(de)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、南(nan)(nan)北(bei)嶺禮拜(bai)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。
1951年,青(qing)島市基督教(jiao)抗美援朝“三自”(即“自治、自養(yang)、自傳”)革新運動籌(chou)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)(li)后(hou),外國傳教(jiao)士(shi)相繼(ji)離境。1954年,青(qing)島市基督教(jiao)“三自”愛國運動委員會(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)(li)。1958年,全(quan)市50處(chu)禮(li)拜堂(tang)(tang)合并為(wei)10處(chu)聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)(hui)點,后(hou)再合為(wei)7處(chu)。文(wen)革期間宗(zong)教(jiao)活(huo)動停止。1980年,開始恢(hui)復(fu)江蘇路禮(li)拜堂(tang)(tang)等處(chu)的正常宗(zong)教(jiao)活(huo)動。1981年,青(qing)島市基督教(jiao)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)(li)。1985年,路德(de)堂(tang)(tang)恢(hui)復(fu)聚(ju)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。全(quan)市現共(gong)有開放教(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)25處(chu)。
4、天主教
天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳入(ru)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)已有百余年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史。1898年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)兗(yan)州教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)德(de)籍(ji)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)士白(bai)明德(de)到青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)立(li)了第(di)一(yi)個天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)場所(suo)(suo)。此(ci)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)迅速發展(zhan)。1901年(nian)(nian)(nian),德(de)國神父在(zai)(zai)今曲阜路創辦(ban)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會印刷所(suo)(suo),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)擔《青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)官報(bao) (Amtsblatt für das Deutsche-Gebiet)》的(de)印刷,后(hou)改(gai)稱(cheng)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堂(tang)(tang)印書局,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)印制教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會書籍(ji)。1905年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)今市(shi)北區(qu)博山路開辦(ban)第(di)一(yi)所(suo)(suo)醫院(yuan)——天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)堂(tang)(tang)醫院(yuan),設病床40張。1925年(nian)(nian)(nian),天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)監牧區(qu)成立(li),德(de)籍(ji)神父維昌祿(lu)為監牧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),轄膠州、高密、即(ji)墨(mo)、諸城(cheng)等11縣。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian),青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)代(dai)牧區(qu)成立(li),維昌祿(lu)為代(dai)牧主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1932至1934年(nian)(nian)(nian),維昌祿(lu)自德(de)國募(mu)集資(zi)金在(zai)(zai)今市(shi)南區(qu)浙江路興(xing)建(jian)圣彌額爾(er)大(da)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang),成為青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)最大(da)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)。天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)青(qing)島(dao)(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)受(shou)羅馬(ma)天(tian)(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)總部和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)宗駐南京公使領導,接受(shou)其津貼供給。
1946年(nian),中國天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)實行圣(sheng)統制(zhi)(zhi),青島代(dai)(dai)牧(mu)區升格為青島教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區,德籍神(shen)(shen)(shen)父吳(wu)(wu)伯祿任主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。青島的天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)有(you)圣(sheng)言會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)母文學(xue)會(hui)(hui)(hui)、方濟各瑪利亞傳教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)修(xiu)女會(hui)(hui)(hui)、神(shen)(shen)(shen)愛會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)神(shen)(shen)(shen)掉女會(hui)(hui)(hui)、圣(sheng)神(shen)(shen)(shen)祈禱會(hui)(hui)(hui)等。市區有(you)天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂10處(chu)(chu),修(xiu)女院11處(chu)(chu),外籍神(shen)(shen)(shen)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員36人(ren)(ren),華(hua)籍神(shen)(shen)(shen)修(xiu)人(ren)(ren)員8人(ren)(ren),信教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)群眾5000余人(ren)(ren)。1951年(nian),中國神(shen)(shen)(shen)父劉殿俊被(bei)吳(wu)(wu)伯祿委(wei)任為代(dai)(dai)理主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。1950年(nian)代(dai)(dai)后,全國宗教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)制(zhi)(zhi)度改(gai)革,中國天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)開(kai)始(shi)獨(du)立(li)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),自(zi)辦教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)。1956年(nian),青島市天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛國會(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)。1981年(nian),在中國天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)愛國會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席宗懷(huai)德主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)持下,舉行了開(kai)堂祝圣(sheng)儀式,恢復開(kai)放圣(sheng)彌額爾大教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂。1987年(nian),天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)務會(hui)(hui)(hui)議選舉韓錫讓(rang)為青島教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),成為共和國成立(li)后,青島天主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)第(di)一位自(zi)選自(zi)圣(sheng)的正權(quan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。全市現共有(you)開(kai)放堂點4處(chu)(chu)。
5、伊斯蘭教
1904年(nian)膠(jiao)濟鐵路建成通車后,青(qing)島(dao)的(de)工商業(ye)不斷發展,一些穆(mu)斯(si)林(lin)(lin)從外地(di)陸續(xu)移(yi)居(ju)(ju)青(qing)島(dao)。20世紀初期有回(hui)民300余戶,1800余人,主要集中居(ju)(ju)住在(zai)(zai)市北區(qu)(qu),都是(shi)客籍居(ju)(ju)民,由他們將伊斯(si)蘭教傳入青(qing)島(dao)。其(qi)時(shi)山東(dong)淄博人王(wang)萬英阿訇在(zai)(zai)市南(nan)區(qu)(qu)河南(nan)路租(zu)賃平房兩間(jian),當作青(qing)島(dao)穆(mu)斯(si)林(lin)(lin)的(de)禮拜處所。1929年(nian),回(hui)族穆(mu)斯(si)林(lin)(lin)來青(qing)島(dao)經商者日眾,由穆(mu)華亭、劉尊五(wu)、王(wang)萬英、石小坡等人發起募捐(juan),在(zai)(zai)市南(nan)區(qu)(qu)常州(zhou)路興建清真寺(si),得到(dao)身為回(hui)族人的(de)青(qing)島(dao)市長(chang)馬福祥的(de)支持。在(zai)(zai)馬蘭頂建有穆(mu)斯(si)林(lin)(lin)專用(yong)墓(mu)地(di)。全市現共有開(kai)放清真寺(si)1所。
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