一、電子陶瓷是絕緣體還是導體

一般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)，陶瓷是良好的(de)絕緣體(ti)(ti)，它(ta)一般(ban)不導(dao)(dao)電，因為(wei)(wei)原(yuan)子(zi)的(de)外層電子(zi)通常受到原(yuan)子(zi)核的(de)吸引(yin)力，被束(shu)縛在(zai)各自原(yuan)子(zi)的(de)周圍，不能自由運動，不過電子(zi)陶瓷具有極(ji)為(wei)(wei)寬廣的(de)電氣特(te)性，從一般(ban)的(de)絕緣體(ti)(ti)，到半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)，導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)、甚至超導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)，都有不同的(de)電子(zi)陶瓷產(chan)品。

電子(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷(ci)的種(zhong)類眾多，其中絕緣陶(tao)瓷(ci)裝置瓷(ci)和介電陶(tao)瓷(ci)是絕緣體(ti)(ti)，半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)陶(tao)瓷(ci)是半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)，離子(zi)(zi)陶(tao)瓷(ci)是導(dao)體(ti)(ti)，還有一種(zhong)超導(dao)陶(tao)瓷(ci)屬于(yu)超導(dao)體(ti)(ti)。

二、電子陶瓷導電原理是什么

電子陶瓷有的導電，有的不導電，導電的電子陶瓷一般是通(tong)過一定的工(gong)藝處理，使(shi)其具(ju)有導電功(gong)能的。

某些氧化物陶瓷加熱時，處(chu)于原子(zi)外層的(de)電(dian)子(zi)可以(yi)獲得足夠的(de)能量(liang)，以(yi)便克服原子(zi)核對它的(de)吸引力，而(er)成(cheng)為可以(yi)自(zi)由運動的(de)自(zi)由電(dian)子(zi)，這(zhe)種陶瓷就變成(cheng)導電(dian)陶瓷。

一般當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)材料(liao)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可以(yi)有(you)兩(liang)種方(fang)式通(tong)(tong)過(guo)晶格(ge)運動(dong)來(lai)完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷輸運過(guo)程：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脫離(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)為自由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，在晶格(ge)中運動(dong)，形(xing)成(cheng)所謂(wei)(wei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)核一起(qi)移動(dong)產生所謂(wei)(wei)的離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對金(jin)屬來(lai)說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)其導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的主要方(fang)式，相比之下(xia)，離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可忽略(lve)不計；但(dan)對于導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷(ci)來(lai)說(shuo)，由(you)于離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)活化能比較低（一般在0.5eV以(yi)下(xia)），離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已不容(rong)忽視，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷(ci)的主要導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式。