一、電子陶瓷是絕緣體還是導體

一般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)，陶瓷(ci)是良好的(de)絕(jue)緣體，它一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)導電(dian)(dian)，因為(wei)(wei)原子(zi)(zi)的(de)外層電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)通常受到原子(zi)(zi)核的(de)吸引力，被(bei)束縛在各自原子(zi)(zi)的(de)周圍，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)自由運動，不(bu)(bu)過電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)陶瓷(ci)具有極為(wei)(wei)寬廣的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣特性，從一般(ban)的(de)絕(jue)緣體，到半導體，導體、甚至超導體，都有不(bu)(bu)同的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)陶瓷(ci)產品。

電子(zi)陶(tao)瓷的(de)種類眾多，其中絕緣陶(tao)瓷裝置瓷和介電陶(tao)瓷是絕緣體，半導體陶(tao)瓷是半導體，離子(zi)陶(tao)瓷是導體，還有一(yi)種超導陶(tao)瓷屬于超導體。

二、電子陶瓷導電原理是什么

電子陶瓷有的導電，有的不導電，導電的電子陶瓷一般是通過(guo)一定(ding)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝處理(li)，使其具有導(dao)電(dian)功能(neng)的(de)(de)。

某些(xie)氧化物陶瓷(ci)(ci)加(jia)熱時，處于原子外(wai)層(ceng)的(de)電(dian)子可以獲得足夠的(de)能量，以便克服原子核對它的(de)吸引(yin)力，而成為可以自由運動的(de)自由電(dian)子，這種陶瓷(ci)(ci)就變(bian)成導電(dian)陶瓷(ci)(ci)。

一(yi)(yi)般(ban)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過材料時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可以(yi)有兩種方(fang)式通過晶格運(yun)動(dong)來(lai)完成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷輸運(yun)過程：①電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)脫(tuo)離(li)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)成(cheng)(cheng)為自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，在晶格中(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)，形成(cheng)(cheng)所謂(wei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；②電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)核一(yi)(yi)起移動(dong)產生所謂(wei)的離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。對金(jin)屬來(lai)說，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是其導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的主(zhu)要方(fang)式，相比(bi)之下(xia)，離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可忽略不計(ji)；但對于導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷來(lai)說，由于離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)活化能比(bi)較低（一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在0.5eV以(yi)下(xia)），離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已不容(rong)忽視(shi)，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)陶瓷的主(zhu)要導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式。