據《2021年咸陽(yang)國(guo)民(min)經濟和社會(hui)發展統計公報》，截至2021年末，咸陽全市常住人口421.30萬人(ren)，比(bi)上(shang)年末增(zeng)加25.32萬(wan)人(ren)。其中，城鎮常住(zhu)人(ren)口241.20萬人，鄉村常住人口180.10萬人，城鎮人口占(zhan)總(zong)人口比(bi)重（城鎮化率(lv)）為(wei)57.25%，比上(shang)年提高1.81個百分(fen)點。全年(nian)人口出生(sheng)率6.94‰，人口死亡率7.22‰，人口自然增長率-0.28‰。

2021年末(mo)，咸陽市各區縣人(ren)口(kou)暫未(wei)公布，而根據《2021年陜(shan)西省統計年鑒》數據，截至2020年末，咸(xian)陽市各區縣常住人口(kou)中，秦都區常住人口(kou)為49.16萬人(ren)，是咸(xian)陽市常(chang)住人(ren)口(kou)最多(duo)的市區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，其次是興平(ping)市、乾縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、禮(li)泉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、三原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武功(gong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渭城區(qu)、彬州市、涇(jing)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、永壽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，而淳化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)2021年(nian)末常住人(ren)口為14.15萬(wan)人，是(shi)咸(xian)陽常住人口最少的市區縣。

從咸陽市各區(qu)縣戶(hu)籍人口來(lai)看，興(xing)平市戶籍人口599971人（2020年末數據，下同），是(shi)咸陽(yang)市戶(hu)籍(ji)人口最(zui)多的區(qu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。其次(ci)是(shi)乾縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、秦都區(qu)、涇陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、禮泉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、武功縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、渭城區(qu)、三原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、彬州(zhou)市等，而長武縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)戶(hu)籍(ji)人口186151人(ren)，是咸(xian)陽市戶(hu)籍人(ren)口最少的區縣。