最遲始于明代,被譽為“云腿”的云南省地方特產,因產于宣威而得名,宣威市的傳統名特產品,屬中國三大名腿之一
宣(xuan)威(wei)火(huo)腿,云(yun)南省地(di)方特產之一,因產于宣(xuan)威(wei)而得(de)名。它的主要(yao)特點是:形似琵琶(pa),只大骨小,皮薄肉(rou)厚(hou)肥瘦適中(zhong);切開(kai)斷(duan)面,香氣濃郁(yu),色澤鮮艷,瘦肉(rou)呈鮮紅(hong)色或玫瑰色,肥肉(rou)呈乳白色,骨頭略(lve)顯(xian)桃紅(hong),似血氣尚在滋潤。其品質優(you)良(liang),足以代表云(yun)南火(huo)腿,故常(chang)稱“云(yun)腿”。
云(yun)腿位列中(zhong)國(guo)特產有“三腿”之名,不僅(jin)行銷國(guo)內,且在(zai)東南亞等地享有盛(sheng)名。云(yun)腿講(jiang)究“四秘(mi)”之法,形成(cheng)了一套獨特體系。“割(ge)秘(mi)”是(shi)割(ge)腿時(shi)(shi)講(jiang)究刀(dao)功(gong),把豬后(hou)腿割(ge)成(cheng)“琵琶式(shi)”,油膜必(bi)剔(ti)除(chu)干凈。“腌(a)(a)秘(mi)”是(shi)講(jiang)究乘鮮腌(a)(a)即所謂(wei)“血腿”,雖(sui)隔一夜,必(bi)失其(qi)美(mei)味(wei)(wei)。用云(yun)南磨黑鹽(yan)與川鹽(yan)腌(a)(a)成(cheng)風味(wei)(wei)有所不同(tong),前者(zhe)色艷,后(hou)者(zhe)味(wei)(wei)香。鹽(yan)分合適(shi),云(yun)腿可(ke)藏(zang)二(er)三年,其(qi)味(wei)(wei)由香轉甜(tian),極其(qi)美(mei)妙。“藏(zang)秘(mi)”是(shi)講(jiang)究保藏(zang)。“食(shi)(shi)秘(mi)”是(shi)講(jiang)究各種吃法。云(yun)腿腌(a)(a)制到其(qi)表面稍現(xian)綠色時(shi)(shi),在(zai)三個部(bu)位用大(da)針刺入(ru)后(hou)拔出嗅品,達到“三針清(qing)香”說明已腌(a)(a)制成(cheng)功(gong)。此時(shi)(shi)剖開,鮮紅(hong)牙白,色彩誘人,香味(wei)(wei)撲鼻,食(shi)(shi)之回味(wei)(wei) 。
宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)形(xing)似琵琶,身穿綠袍,三針青香無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)(wei),且富(fu)含蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪、氨基酸、微(wei)量元素和(he)維生(sheng)(sheng)素等多種營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),除(chu)以(yi)(yi)豬(zhu)種、飼(si)養(yang)、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術有關外(wai),發(fa)酵過(guo)程是重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)環節,經云(yun)南省(sheng)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物研究的(de)研究表明(ming),國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)種類(lei)的(de)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)系列成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)大同小異(yi),但(dan)(dan)非主(zhu)系列成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)(營(ying)(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)及色香味(wei)(wei)(wei))因發(fa)酵方法(fa)(fa)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它外(wai)地(di)人(ren)(ren)通過(guo)來宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學習(xi),可以(yi)(yi)利用其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術,但(dan)(dan)是所(suo)(suo)(suo)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貯存、發(fa)酵或(huo)用外(wai)地(di)鮮(xian)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)在(zai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)腌制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、貯存都是形(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)。如(ru)昭通、四川、緬(mian)甸曾經派人(ren)(ren)來宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)學習(xi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術,回去(qu)后如(ru)法(fa)(fa)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),但(dan)(dan)因氣候(hou)(hou)、水土(tu)(tu)等條(tiao)件不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,無(wu)法(fa)(fa)腌制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui);在(zai)外(wai)地(di)工(gong)(gong)作的(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)回老家,都要(yao)(yao)(yao)帶(dai)一點(dian)鮮(xian)豬(zhu)肉和(he)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)回工(gong)(gong)作所(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)地(di),是因宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)境(jing)內所(suo)(suo)(suo)產(chan)鮮(xian)豬(zhu)肉肉質(zhi)滋嫩,味(wei)(wei)(wei)道鮮(xian)美;而(er)帶(dai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)則(ze)要(yao)(yao)(yao)選發(fa)酵成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)老腿(tui)(tui)(tui),否則(ze)因氣候(hou)(hou)、水土(tu)(tu)環境(jing)的(de)改(gai)變,好(hao)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壞腿(tui)(tui)(tui)。就是宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周邊鄰近(jin)地(di)區(qu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)產(chan)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)腌制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)一樣,也因氣候(hou)(hou)、水土(tu)(tu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同而(er)在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)始終與宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)有很(hen)大差距,尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是色香味(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)差距相當明(ming)顯,因此這(zhe)些周邊鄰近(jin)地(di)區(qu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)產(chan)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui),一直以(yi)(yi)來都要(yao)(yao)(yao)冠以(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)頭銜,才賣(mai)得出(chu)去(qu)。這(zhe)說明(ming)了宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是在(zai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)殊的(de)地(di)域氣候(hou)(hou)環境(jing)條(tiao)件下(xia),經過(guo)風(feng)干,發(fa)酵成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)理(li)(li)化指(zhi)標(biao)(biao),外(wai)觀形(xing)狀,營(ying)(ying)養(yang)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)定了其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量特(te)色。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)腌制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時只用食(shi)用鹽,不(bu)(bu)(bu)加(jia)(jia)任何食(shi)品(pin)添加(jia)(jia)劑,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理(li)(li)化指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)優(you)于國(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao),特(te)別是亞硝酸鹽含量很(hen)低,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)一特(te)異(yi)性。宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)的(de)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)品(pin)美觀大方,營(ying)(ying)養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu),風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)獨(du)特(te),質(zhi)量上(shang)乘(cheng),食(shi)用方便(bian)。是宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)民根據(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)特(te)定的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)環境(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)總結完善,依據(ju)消(xiao)費需求,立足于國(guo)(guo)際市場接軌,并與其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)品(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術,使(shi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)威(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)(huo)腿(tui)(tui)(tui)在(zai)保持(chi)傳統風(feng)味(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)同時,更加(jia)(jia)精(jing)美,而(er)發(fa)揚光(guang)大。
宣(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)具有鮮、酥、脆(cui)、嫩、香(xiang)甜等特點,一直以營(ying)養豐富,肉質滋嫩,油而不膩,香(xiang)味(wei)濃郁,咸香(xiang)回甜著稱(cheng)于世,被消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)視為名饋(kui)贈(zeng)親朋好友(you)的(de)珍貴禮品,而在競爭日漸劇烈的(de)食品市場(chang)中(zhong)扎(zha)根開花,經(jing)久(jiu)不衰(shuai)。這并非偶(ou)然,而是由(you)其(qi)自身的(de)香(xiang)味(wei)、營(ying)養價值及(ji)風味(wei)特色所決(jue)定的(de)。香(xiang)氣(qi)經(jing)昆(kun)明(ming)醫學院鑒(jian)定出43個(ge)(ge)(ge)芳香(xiang)化合物,包(bao)括(kuo)烴類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)7個(ge)(ge)(ge),醛類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)15個(ge)(ge)(ge)、酮類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)、醇及(ji)酚類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)、脂類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)、呋(fu)喃類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)、其(qi)它2個(ge)(ge)(ge);據(ju)北京營(ying)養研究所及(ji)云南省科學院測試(shi)中(zhong)心營(ying)養朊分(fen)析報告(gao)和測試(shi)分(fen)析結果表明(ming),宣(xuan)威火(huo)腿(tui)內含(han)(han)19種(zhong)(zhong)氮基(ji)酸(suan)(其(qi)中(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)人體不能合成的(de)必需氨基(ji)酸(suan)全(quan)部含(han)(han)有),11種(zhong)(zhong)維生素,9種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素。
宣(xuan)威火腿經(jing)久不衰,主要是取決(jue)于(yu)其色香味美(mei),營養豐(feng)富(fu),風味獨特。而宣(xuan)威火腿的形成,又取決(jue)于(yu)宣(xuan)威獨特的地域地理氣(qi)候環(huan)境
1920年,宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)浦在(zai)庭兄 弟(di)將宣(xuan)和公(gong)(gong)司改為(wei)大有恒公(gong)(gong)司。1923年在(zai)廣州舉辦的(de)全(quan)國各地食品比賽(sai)會(hui)上,獲得各界人士的(de)好(hao)評。以(yi)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火腿制成(cheng)“云腿”罐(guan)頭的(de)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang),也取名為(wei)“德和罐(guan)頭廠(chang)(chang)”,從此(ci)宣(xuan)威(wei)(wei)火腿名聲大振,遠銷東南亞和港(gang)澳地區,現在(zai)還(huan)出口日本和歐美一些國家(jia)。