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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)太室(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓(lu)的(de)(de)黃蓋峰(feng)下，距登封(feng)市區一(yi)公里，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)與(yu)象征，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)區較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)一(yi)處廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇，是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華五岳(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)存(cun)規(gui)模(mo)較(jiao)大(da)、保存(cun)較(jiao)完整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)道(dao)教建(jian)筑。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)始建(jian)于(yu)秦，其前身為(wei)太室(shi)祠，是(shi)(shi)祭祀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神的(de)(de)地(di)方。西漢(han)元封(feng)元年(nian)(nian)（公元前110年(nian)(nian)），漢(han)武帝劉徹率領群臣(chen)，禮(li)登嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻(jun)極峰(feng)，忽聞(wen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有“山(shan)(shan)(shan)呼萬(wan)歲”之(zhi)聲，以為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神顯靈，隨(sui)下令增建(jian)太室(shi)祠，禁(jin)伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)木，賜山(shan)(shan)(shan)下三百戶村民為(wei)太室(shi)奉邑，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)今天(tian)的(de)(de)登封(feng)市。武則天(tian)萬(wan)歲登封(feng)元年(nian)(nian)（公元696年(nian)(nian)），女(nv)皇登嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，封(feng)岳(yue)(yue)神之(zhi)后，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)名聲大(da)振(zhen)。北(bei)宋(song)時期(qi)，太祖趙匡胤和(he)真宗趙恒(heng)則又按照皇宮(gong)形(xing)式對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)(jin)行了大(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)修復建(jian)設。經過唐(tang)、宋(song)時期(qi)的(de)(de)大(da)力整(zheng)(zheng)修，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)已形(xing)成“崇墉繚繞，屹(yi)若云連(lian)”的(de)(de)壯(zhuang)麗(li)宏偉規(gui)模(mo)。清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)皇帝在位(wei)期(qi)間(jian)，按照故(gu)宮(gong)形(xing)式對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又進(jin)(jin)行了大(da)規(gui)模(mo)整(zheng)(zheng)修，故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又有“天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小故(gu)宮(gong)”之(zhi)稱。占地(di)11萬(wan)余(yu)(yu)(yu)平方米，規(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)，歷史悠久，現(xian)為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點文物保護單(dan)位(wei)。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)現(xian)存(cun)建(jian)筑四百余(yu)(yu)(yu)間(jian)，金石鑄器二(er)百余(yu)(yu)(yu)件(jian)，古柏300余(yu)(yu)(yu)株，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩(song)高靈廟(miao)(miao)(miao)碑(bei)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)教立碑(bei)之(zhi)祖，宋(song)代鎮庫鐵(tie)人是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)存(cun)形(xing)體較(jiao)大(da)，保存(cun)較(jiao)好，造型佳的(de)(de)鐵(tie)人，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)外(wai)石刻翁(weng)仲(zhong)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)現(xian)存(cun)年(nian)(nian)代較(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)石雕翁(weng)仲(zhong)，太室(shi)闕是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)著名的(de)(de)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)漢(han)三闕之(zhi)一(yi)。另外(wai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)香火極旺，每年(nian)(nian)接待全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各地(di)香客達(da)20余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人次(ci)(ci)，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)二(er)次(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)，始于(yu)隋唐(tang)，己有一(yi)千多年(nian)(nian)歷史，是(shi)(shi)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區重要物資(zi)交流大(da)會(hui)(hui)，旅游觀光大(da)會(hui)(hui)，年(nian)(nian)接待游客達(da)100余(yu)(yu)(yu)萬(wan)人次(ci)(ci)。

景點景觀

太室闕

太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)闕位于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)天中(zhong)(zhong)閣(ge)南600余(yu)米處(chu)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)上。是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)前身太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)祠的(de)(de)神道(dao)闕，始(shi)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)東漢(han)安(an)帝元(yuan)初五(wu)年（公(gong)元(yuan)118年），為(wei)(wei)當時(shi)的(de)(de)陽城(cheng)長(chang)呂常所(suo)建(jian)(jian)，與少室(shi)(shi)(shi)闕、啟母(mu)闕并(bing)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)岳漢(han)三闕。太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)闕的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和(he)神道(dao)一(yi)直(zhi)未變，是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)祭(ji)祀太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)神的(de)(de)重要(yao)實物(wu)(wu)見證。闕是(shi)建(jian)(jian)在城(cheng)門、墓(mu)門、宮門、廟(miao)門前面的(de)(de)兩個相峙對(dui)稱(cheng)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)，因中(zhong)(zhong)間沒有(you)(you)橫(heng)額，所(suo)以(yi)叫“缺”，古(gu)時(shi)候“缺”和(he)“闕”這兩個字是(shi)通用(yong)的(de)(de)。闕的(de)(de)作用(yong)其(qi)實就是(shi)象征性的(de)(de)大門，代(dai)表著威嚴(yan)。1961年太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)闕被國務院(yuan)公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)第一(yi)批全國重點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位。太(tai)室(shi)(shi)(shi)闕是(shi)用(yong)長(chang)方(fang)形石塊壘砌(qi)而成，上刻(ke)有(you)(you)漢(han)隸和(he)篆、隸參(can)半(ban)的(de)(de)銘文，記述了建(jian)(jian)闕的(de)(de)緣由(you)及贊(zan)頌中(zhong)(zhong)岳神的(de)(de)靈驗，是(shi)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)國書法演變的(de)(de)重要(yao)實物(wu)(wu)。闕身雕刻(ke)有(you)(you)斗(dou)雞、車騎(qi)出(chu)行、人(ren)物(wu)(wu)、龍、虎等畫(hua)像50余(yu)幅，是(shi)研(yan)究漢(han)代(dai)風俗習(xi)慣和(he)社會生(sheng)活的(de)(de)珍貴(gui)資料，對(dui)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)國漢(han)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史、繪畫(hua)藝術史具(ju)有(you)(you)極高的(de)(de)價值。

中軸線

中岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)的中軸線是一(yi)條由青(qing)石板鋪成的大(da)甭道，共十(shi)一(yi)進，全長1.3華里。沿中軸線從南向北，由低而(er)高，依次為中華門(men)(men)、遙參亭、天(tian)中閣、配天(tian)作(zuo)鎮坊(fang)、祟圣(sheng)門(men)(men)、化三(san)門(men)(men)、峻極門(men)(men)、高高峻極坊(fang)、中岳(yue)(yue)大(da)殿(dian)、寢殿(dian)、御(yu)書樓(lou)。廟(miao)的東(dong)路(lu)和西路(lu)，還分別(bie)建(jian)有太尉(wei)官、火神(shen)宮、祖師(shi)宮、小(xiao)樓(lou)宮、神(shen)州官和龍王殿(dian)等單獨(du)的小(xiao)院落，現存(cun)明清(qing)建(jian)筑(zhu)近四百(bai)間，金(jin)石鑄器二百(bai)余件，漢到清(qing)的古柏三(san)百(bai)余株。正(zheng)是這(zhe)些亭門(men)(men)宮殿(dian)，構成了中岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)規模宏大(da)的古建(jian)筑(zhu)群。

中華門

中華門中岳廟的前門，原名“名山第一坊”，為木建牌樓，1942年改建為磚瓦結構的原廡殿式牌坊，更名為“中華門”。門額內外分別寫有“依嵩”、“帶潁”、“嵩峻”、“天中”八字，簡要地說明了中岳廟所處的地理位置。中(zhong)華(hua)門北有一(yi)(yi)座八角重檐亭(ting)，即“遙(yao)參亭(ting)”，是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)過(guo)(guo)往(wang)行旅拜謁岳神(shen)的(de)地方。檐坊和雀替上(shang)面(mian)透(tou)雕(diao)戲曲故事，形象優美，精(jing)(jing)巧異常。穿過(guo)(guo)遙(yao)參亭(ting)，迎面(mian)就是(shi)天(tian)中(zhong)閣。天(tian)中(zhong)閣在(zai)明清(qing)之際(ji)是(shi)中(zhong)岳廟的(de)正(zheng)門，原(yuan)名黃中(zhong)樓，明嘉靖年間(jian)改為今名，面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)，重檐綠(lv)瓦，雕(diao)梁畫柱，飛檐凌空，風格(ge)獨(du)秀(xiu)。門上(shang)虎頭(tou)大釘緊扣，門外(wai)兩個石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)守衛，栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng)，為清(qing)代(dai)雕(diao)刻(ke)的(de)代(dai)表作(zuo)。東側雄獅(shi)口中(zhong)，有直徑為15厘(li)米(mi)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)圓球，西(xi)側雌獅(shi)前蹄按一(yi)(yi)小獅(shi)，工(gong)藝精(jing)(jing)巧，獨(du)具匠心(xin)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)之后，是(shi)辟有三個門洞的(de)高(gao)臺樓閣。臺高(gao)7米(mi)有余(yu)，上(shang)面(mian)有面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian)、進深一(yi)(yi)間(jian)的(de)重檐歇山式(shi)建筑(zhu)，覆(fu)以綠(lv)色琉璃瓦，四周筑(zhu)有女兒墻。游人至(zhi)此，舉目四望(wang)，東有牧(mu)子崗，西(xi)臨(lin)望(wang)朝嶺，南(nan)接玉(yu)案山，北依黃蓋峰。

配天作鎮坊

出天(tian)中閣沿甬道拾(shi)級而上，其(qi)后便是木結(jie)構配天(tian)作(zuo)(zuo)鎮(zhen)枋(fang)。它原名(ming)叫(jiao)“宇廟坊”，古時稱(cheng)中岳(yue)為(wei)土(tu)神(shen)(shen)，意思(si)是以地(di)配天(tian)。枋(fang)起(qi)三架，廡殿式屋頂，斗拱雀替，雕琢華麗。正樓額書“配天(tian)作(zuo)(zuo)鎮(zhen)”，左右配樓分別書“宇廟”、“俱瞻”。配天(tian)作(zuo)(zuo)鎮(zhen)枋(fang)后為(wei)松柏掩映的崇圣門。此門為(wei)過(guo)往門庭，因中岳(yue)神(shen)(shen)曾被封為(wei)“中岳(yue)天(tian)中崇圣大帝”而得名(ming)。

崇圣門

崇(chong)圣門東有古神庫(ku)(ku)，創建于北宋(song)。在古神庫(ku)(ku)周圍有四(si)個高大(da)的(de)(de)鐵人(ren)，四(si)大(da)鐵人(ren)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)于北宋(song)英宗(zong)治平元年（公元1064年），高3米許(xu)，重約(yue)3噸，握拳(quan)振(zhen)臂，怒目挺胸，形象威嚴，栩栩如生，是中國現存(cun)形體(ti)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，保存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)四(si)個“守(shou)庫(ku)(ku)鐵人(ren)”，同(tong)時也是北宋(song)鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)藝術珍品。

化三門

化(hua)(hua)三門(men)取名于(yu)道教(jiao)的(de)“一氣化(hua)(hua)三清(qing)(qing)”，是中岳廟的(de)過往門(men)庭(ting)。化(hua)(hua)三門(men)后西側，有(you)無(wu)字碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。亭(ting)(ting)內立(li)有(you)清(qing)(qing)代石(shi)碑(bei)一通，碑(bei)上只(zhi)有(you)線刻花邊，沒有(you)文字，故稱(cheng)"無(wu)字碑(bei)"。立(li)此(ci)碑(bei)的(de)意思是說岳神之(zhi)德，大得難以用文字形容，故立(li)空石(shi)，以示紀念。

龍王廟

龍(long)王廟(miao)(miao)，其建筑在(zai)中岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)院外，整個建筑仿古而莊嚴，現是(shi)在(zai)唐代古廟(miao)(miao)的基(ji)地上建成(cheng)一座(zuo)具有現代與(yu)古代建筑特色的道(dao)觀，位于中岳(yue)山(shan)脈(mo)之首，上接天(tian)宇，地連龍(long)脈(mo)。整座(zuo)龍(long)王廟(miao)(miao)，呈(cheng)龍(long)形與(yu)道(dao)家(jia)八卦象位而建，廟(miao)(miao)中龍(long)王、龍(long)太(tai)子形像(xiang)栩栩如生(sheng)，威嚴逼(bi)真，是(shi)求神(shen)求財(cai)靈驗之道(dao)場。

交通指南

在登封市乘坐2路公交(jiao)車，在“中岳廟”站下(xia)車即到(dao)(dao)，2路公交(jiao)車也可以到(dao)(dao)嵩陽書院。