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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)位(wei)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)太(tai)室山(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓的黃蓋峰(feng)下，距登(deng)封市區一(yi)公(gong)里，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的主(zhu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)與象征，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地區較大(da)的一(yi)處廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華五岳(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)存(cun)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)較大(da)、保(bao)(bao)存(cun)較完整的道教建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于秦，其前(qian)身為(wei)(wei)太(tai)室祠，是(shi)祭祀中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)的地方(fang)。西漢(han)(han)元(yuan)封元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)110年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），漢(han)(han)武(wu)帝劉徹率領群臣，禮(li)登(deng)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻極峰(feng)，忽(hu)聞山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)呼萬(wan)歲”之聲(sheng)，以為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)(shen)顯(xian)靈，隨(sui)下令增建(jian)(jian)(jian)太(tai)室祠，禁伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草木(mu)，賜山(shan)(shan)(shan)下三(san)百戶(hu)村民(min)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)室奉邑，也就是(shi)今天(tian)的登(deng)封市。武(wu)則天(tian)萬(wan)歲登(deng)封元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)元(yuan)696年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），女皇登(deng)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，封岳(yue)(yue)(yue)神(shen)(shen)之后，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的名聲(sheng)大(da)振。北(bei)宋時期，太(tai)祖(zu)趙匡胤和真宗趙恒則又(you)按照皇宮形式對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)進行了大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)的修(xiu)復(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。經過唐、宋時期的大(da)力整修(xiu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)已(yi)形成“崇墉繚繞，屹若云連”的壯麗宏偉(wei)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)。清乾隆皇帝在(zai)位(wei)期間(jian)，按照故(gu)宮形式對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又(you)進行了大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)整修(xiu)，故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)又(you)有(you)“天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小故(gu)宮”之稱(cheng)。占地11萬(wan)余平方(fang)米，規(gui)(gui)模(mo)宏大(da)，歷史悠久(jiu)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)國重點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位(wei)。廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)現(xian)(xian)(xian)存(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑四百余間(jian)，金(jin)石(shi)鑄器(qi)二百余件，古柏300余株，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)內(nei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)高靈廟(miao)(miao)(miao)碑是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國道教立碑之祖(zu)，宋代鎮庫(ku)鐵(tie)人(ren)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)(xian)(xian)存(cun)形體(ti)較大(da)，保(bao)(bao)存(cun)較好，造型佳的鐵(tie)人(ren)，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)外石(shi)刻翁(weng)仲是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國現(xian)(xian)(xian)存(cun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代較早的石(shi)雕翁(weng)仲，太(tai)室闕(que)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國著名的嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)漢(han)(han)三(san)闕(que)之一(yi)。另外，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的香火極旺，每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)(jie)待全(quan)(quan)國各(ge)地香客(ke)達20余萬(wan)人(ren)次，一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二次的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會，始于隋唐，己有(you)一(yi)千多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史，是(shi)嵩(song)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區重要物資交(jiao)流大(da)會，旅游觀(guan)光大(da)會，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)(jie)待游客(ke)達100余萬(wan)人(ren)次。

景點景觀

太室闕

太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)(que)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)天中(zhong)閣南600余(yu)米處的(de)(de)中(zhong)軸線上。是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)身太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)祠(ci)的(de)(de)神(shen)道闕(que)(que)(que)(que)，始建于(yu)東漢安帝元初(chu)五年（公元118年），為(wei)當時的(de)(de)陽城(cheng)長(chang)(chang)呂(lv)常所建，與(yu)少室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)(que)、啟(qi)母闕(que)(que)(que)(que)并(bing)稱為(wei)中(zhong)岳(yue)漢三闕(que)(que)(que)(que)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)位(wei)(wei)置和神(shen)道一直未(wei)變，是(shi)(shi)古代(dai)祭祀太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)山神(shen)的(de)(de)重要實物(wu)見證(zheng)。闕(que)(que)(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)建在城(cheng)門、墓(mu)門、宮門、廟(miao)(miao)(miao)門前(qian)面的(de)(de)兩個相峙對(dui)稱的(de)(de)建筑物(wu)，因中(zhong)間沒有橫額，所以叫(jiao)“缺”，古時候“缺”和“闕(que)(que)(que)(que)”這(zhe)兩個字是(shi)(shi)通用的(de)(de)。闕(que)(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)作用其實就是(shi)(shi)象征性的(de)(de)大門，代(dai)表著(zhu)威嚴。1961年太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)(que)被國務(wu)院公布為(wei)第一批全國重點文物(wu)保護單位(wei)(wei)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)闕(que)(que)(que)(que)是(shi)(shi)用長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形石塊壘(lei)砌而成，上刻(ke)有漢隸和篆、隸參半的(de)(de)銘文，記述了建闕(que)(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)緣(yuan)由(you)及贊頌(song)中(zhong)岳(yue)神(shen)的(de)(de)靈驗(yan)，是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究中(zhong)國書法(fa)演(yan)變的(de)(de)重要實物(wu)。闕(que)(que)(que)(que)身雕刻(ke)有斗(dou)雞、車騎出行、人物(wu)、龍、虎等畫像50余(yu)幅，是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究漢代(dai)風俗習慣和社會生(sheng)活的(de)(de)珍貴(gui)資料，對(dui)研(yan)究中(zhong)國漢代(dai)建筑史、繪(hui)畫藝術(shu)史具有極高的(de)(de)價值。

中軸線

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線是(shi)一(yi)(yi)條由青石板(ban)鋪成的(de)(de)大甭道，共十一(yi)(yi)進，全長1.3華(hua)里。沿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線從南向北(bei)，由低而高，依次為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)門、遙(yao)參亭、天(tian)(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣(ge)、配(pei)天(tian)(tian)作鎮坊、祟圣門、化(hua)三門、峻(jun)極門、高高峻(jun)極坊、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳大殿(dian)、寢殿(dian)、御書樓。廟(miao)的(de)(de)東路和西路，還分別建有太尉官、火(huo)神宮(gong)、祖師宮(gong)、小樓宮(gong)、神州官和龍王殿(dian)等單獨的(de)(de)小院落(luo)，現存明清(qing)(qing)建筑(zhu)近四百(bai)間，金(jin)石鑄器二百(bai)余件，漢到清(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)古(gu)柏三百(bai)余株。正是(shi)這些亭門宮(gong)殿(dian)，構(gou)成了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)規模宏大的(de)(de)古(gu)建筑(zhu)群。

中華門

中華門中岳廟的前門，原名“名山第一坊”，為木建牌樓，1942年改建為磚瓦結構的原廡殿式牌坊，更名為“中華門”。門額內外分別寫有“依嵩”、“帶潁”、“嵩峻”、“天中”八字，簡要地說明了中岳廟所處的地理位置。中華門(men)(men)北有(you)一(yi)(yi)座八(ba)角重(zhong)檐(yan)亭(ting)，即“遙參亭(ting)”，是古代過往(wang)行旅拜謁(ye)岳(yue)神的(de)(de)地方。檐(yan)坊和雀替(ti)上(shang)面(mian)(mian)透雕戲曲故事，形象優美，精(jing)巧(qiao)異常。穿過遙參亭(ting)，迎面(mian)(mian)就是天中閣(ge)。天中閣(ge)在明清之際(ji)是中岳(yue)廟(miao)的(de)(de)正(zheng)門(men)(men)，原名黃(huang)中樓，明嘉靖年間改為(wei)今名，面(mian)(mian)闊五間，重(zhong)檐(yan)綠(lv)瓦(wa)，雕梁畫(hua)柱(zhu)，飛(fei)檐(yan)凌空，風格獨(du)秀。門(men)(men)上(shang)虎頭大(da)釘緊扣(kou)，門(men)(men)外(wai)兩個石獅(shi)(shi)守衛(wei)，栩(xu)栩(xu)如生(sheng)，為(wei)清代雕刻的(de)(de)代表作。東側雄獅(shi)(shi)口中，有(you)直徑(jing)為(wei)15厘米的(de)(de)石雕圓球，西側雌獅(shi)(shi)前蹄按一(yi)(yi)小(xiao)獅(shi)(shi)，工藝精(jing)巧(qiao)，獨(du)具匠心。石獅(shi)(shi)之后，是辟有(you)三(san)個門(men)(men)洞的(de)(de)高臺(tai)樓閣(ge)。臺(tai)高7米有(you)余，上(shang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)面(mian)(mian)闊五間、進深(shen)一(yi)(yi)間的(de)(de)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇山(shan)式建筑(zhu)，覆以(yi)綠(lv)色(se)琉璃瓦(wa)，四(si)周(zhou)筑(zhu)有(you)女兒墻。游(you)人(ren)至此，舉目四(si)望(wang)(wang)，東有(you)牧子崗(gang)，西臨望(wang)(wang)朝嶺，南(nan)接(jie)玉(yu)案(an)山(shan)，北依黃(huang)蓋峰。

配天作鎮坊

出天(tian)(tian)(tian)中閣沿甬道拾級(ji)而(er)上(shang)，其后(hou)便是木結構配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)作鎮枋(fang)。它原(yuan)名(ming)叫“宇廟(miao)坊”，古時稱(cheng)中岳為(wei)(wei)土(tu)神(shen)，意思是以地配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。枋(fang)起三架，廡(wu)殿式(shi)屋(wu)頂，斗拱雀替，雕琢華(hua)麗。正(zheng)樓額書“配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)作鎮”，左右配(pei)(pei)樓分別書“宇廟(miao)”、“俱瞻”。配(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)作鎮枋(fang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)松柏掩映的(de)崇(chong)圣門(men)。此門(men)為(wei)(wei)過往門(men)庭，因中岳神(shen)曾被封為(wei)(wei)“中岳天(tian)(tian)(tian)中崇(chong)圣大帝(di)”而(er)得名(ming)。

崇圣門

崇圣(sheng)門東(dong)有(you)古神庫(ku)，創建(jian)于北宋(song)(song)。在(zai)古神庫(ku)周圍有(you)四(si)個高大的鐵人(ren)(ren)，四(si)大鐵人(ren)(ren)鑄造于北宋(song)(song)英宗治(zhi)平元年(nian)（公(gong)元1064年(nian)），高3米許(xu)，重約3噸，握拳振臂，怒目挺胸(xiong)，形象威嚴，栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生(sheng)，是(shi)中國現存形體較大，保存較好(hao)的四(si)個“守庫(ku)鐵人(ren)(ren)”，同(tong)時也是(shi)北宋(song)(song)鑄造的藝(yi)術(shu)珍品(pin)。

化三門

化三門(men)(men)取名于道教的“一氣化三清(qing)”，是(shi)(shi)中岳廟(miao)的過往門(men)(men)庭。化三門(men)(men)后西(xi)側，有(you)無字碑(bei)亭。亭內立(li)有(you)清(qing)代石(shi)碑(bei)一通，碑(bei)上只(zhi)有(you)線刻花邊(bian)，沒有(you)文字，故稱(cheng)"無字碑(bei)"。立(li)此(ci)碑(bei)的意思是(shi)(shi)說岳神之(zhi)德，大得難(nan)以用文字形(xing)容，故立(li)空(kong)石(shi)，以示紀念。

龍王廟

龍(long)(long)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)，其建筑在中(zhong)岳廟(miao)(miao)(miao)院外，整個建筑仿古(gu)而莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)，現(xian)是在唐(tang)代古(gu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)的基地上(shang)建成(cheng)一(yi)座(zuo)具(ju)有現(xian)代與古(gu)代建筑特(te)色的道觀，位于中(zhong)岳山脈之首，上(shang)接(jie)天宇(yu)，地連(lian)龍(long)(long)脈。整座(zuo)龍(long)(long)王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)，呈(cheng)龍(long)(long)形(xing)與道家八卦象(xiang)位而建，廟(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)龍(long)(long)王(wang)、龍(long)(long)太子形(xing)像栩栩如生，威嚴(yan)逼真，是求(qiu)神求(qiu)財靈驗之道場。

交通指南

在登封市(shi)乘坐2路公交車，在“中岳廟”站(zhan)下車即到，2路公交車也可以到嵩陽書(shu)院。