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基本介紹

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)位于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)山(shan)(shan)東麓的(de)(de)黃蓋峰(feng)(feng)下，距登(deng)(deng)封(feng)市區一(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)里，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)主廟(miao)與(yu)象征(zheng)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)(di)區較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)處廟(miao)宇(yu)，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華五岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)、保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)道(dao)教建筑。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)始(shi)建于秦，其(qi)前(qian)身為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)祠，是(shi)祭祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)神的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方。西漢(han)元封(feng)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)110年(nian)(nian)(nian)），漢(han)武帝(di)(di)劉徹率(lv)領群臣(chen)，禮登(deng)(deng)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)峻極峰(feng)(feng)，忽聞山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“山(shan)(shan)呼萬(wan)歲”之(zhi)(zhi)聲，以為(wei)山(shan)(shan)神顯靈，隨下令增建太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)祠，禁伐山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草木，賜(si)山(shan)(shan)下三(san)百戶村民為(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)奉(feng)邑，也就(jiu)是(shi)今(jin)天(tian)的(de)(de)登(deng)(deng)封(feng)市。武則(ze)天(tian)萬(wan)歲登(deng)(deng)封(feng)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元696年(nian)(nian)(nian)），女皇(huang)登(deng)(deng)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)，封(feng)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)神之(zhi)(zhi)后，使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)的(de)(de)名(ming)聲大(da)(da)振。北宋時(shi)(shi)期，太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖趙匡(kuang)胤(yin)和真宗(zong)趙恒則(ze)又(you)(you)按(an)照皇(huang)宮(gong)(gong)形式對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)進行了(le)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)修復建設。經過唐、宋時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)大(da)(da)力整(zheng)修，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)已形成“崇(chong)墉繚(liao)繞，屹若云(yun)連”的(de)(de)壯麗宏(hong)偉規(gui)模(mo)(mo)。清(qing)乾隆皇(huang)帝(di)(di)在位期間，按(an)照故(gu)宮(gong)(gong)形式對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)又(you)(you)進行了(le)大(da)(da)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)整(zheng)修，故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)又(you)(you)有(you)“天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)故(gu)宮(gong)(gong)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱。占(zhan)地(di)(di)11萬(wan)余(yu)平方米(mi)，規(gui)模(mo)(mo)宏(hong)大(da)(da)，歷(li)史悠久，現(xian)(xian)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位。廟(miao)內現(xian)(xian)存(cun)建筑四百余(yu)間，金石(shi)鑄(zhu)器二(er)百余(yu)件(jian)，古柏300余(yu)株，廟(miao)內中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)高靈廟(miao)碑是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)道(dao)教立碑之(zhi)(zhi)祖，宋代鎮(zhen)庫鐵人是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)形體較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)好，造型佳的(de)(de)鐵人，廟(miao)外(wai)(wai)石(shi)刻翁仲是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)(xian)存(cun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代較(jiao)(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)石(shi)雕翁仲，太(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)闕是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)漢(han)三(san)闕之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。另外(wai)(wai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)的(de)(de)香火(huo)極旺(wang)，每年(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待全(quan)國(guo)各(ge)地(di)(di)香客達20余(yu)萬(wan)人次，一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)次的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)會(hui)，始(shi)于隋(sui)唐，己有(you)一(yi)(yi)千多年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷(li)史，是(shi)嵩(song)(song)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區重(zhong)要物資(zi)交流大(da)(da)會(hui)，旅游觀光大(da)(da)會(hui)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)接(jie)待游客達100余(yu)萬(wan)人次。

景點景觀

太室闕

太室(shi)(shi)闕(que)位(wei)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)天中(zhong)(zhong)閣南600余(yu)米處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上(shang)。是中(zhong)(zhong)岳廟(miao)前身太室(shi)(shi)祠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)道闕(que)，始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)東漢(han)安帝元初五(wu)年(nian)(nian)（公元118年(nian)(nian)），為(wei)(wei)當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)城長呂常所建(jian)(jian)，與少室(shi)(shi)闕(que)、啟母闕(que)并(bing)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)岳漢(han)三闕(que)。太室(shi)(shi)闕(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)和神(shen)道一直未變，是古代祭祀(si)太室(shi)(shi)山神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要實物見證。闕(que)是建(jian)(jian)在城門(men)(men)、墓門(men)(men)、宮門(men)(men)、廟(miao)門(men)(men)前面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)相峙對稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物，因中(zhong)(zhong)間沒有(you)橫額，所以叫(jiao)“缺”，古時候(hou)“缺”和“闕(que)”這兩個(ge)字(zi)是通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。闕(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用其實就(jiu)是象征性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大門(men)(men)，代表(biao)著威嚴。1961年(nian)(nian)太室(shi)(shi)闕(que)被國務院公布為(wei)(wei)第(di)一批全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物保護單位(wei)。太室(shi)(shi)闕(que)是用長方形石(shi)塊壘砌而(er)成，上(shang)刻有(you)漢(han)隸(li)和篆、隸(li)參(can)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文(wen)(wen)，記述了建(jian)(jian)闕(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緣由及贊頌中(zhong)(zhong)岳神(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)驗(yan)，是研究中(zhong)(zhong)國書(shu)法(fa)演變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要實物。闕(que)身雕(diao)刻有(you)斗雞、車騎出行、人物、龍、虎等畫像50余(yu)幅，是研究漢(han)代風俗習慣和社會生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴資料，對研究中(zhong)(zhong)國漢(han)代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史、繪畫藝術史具有(you)極高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價值。

中軸線

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳廟的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線是一條(tiao)由青(qing)石板鋪成的大甭道，共(gong)十一進，全長1.3華(hua)里。沿(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線從(cong)南向北，由低(di)而高(gao)，依次為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)門、遙參亭、天中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)閣、配天作鎮坊(fang)、祟圣門、化三(san)門、峻極門、高(gao)高(gao)峻極坊(fang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳大殿、寢殿、御書樓。廟的東路和西路，還分別建(jian)有太尉官(guan)、火神宮(gong)、祖師宮(gong)、小樓宮(gong)、神州(zhou)官(guan)和龍王殿等(deng)單獨(du)的小院落，現存明(ming)清(qing)建(jian)筑近四百(bai)(bai)間(jian)，金石鑄(zhu)器二百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)件，漢(han)到(dao)清(qing)的古(gu)柏三(san)百(bai)(bai)余(yu)(yu)株。正是這些亭門宮(gong)殿，構成了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)岳廟規模宏(hong)大的古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)。

中華門

中華門中岳廟的前門，原名“名山第一坊”，為木建牌樓，1942年改建為磚瓦結構的原廡殿式牌坊，更名為“中華門”。門額內外分別寫有“依嵩”、“帶潁”、“嵩峻”、“天中”八字，簡要地說明了中岳廟所處的地理位置。中華門(men)北有(you)一(yi)座八角重(zhong)檐亭(ting)，即“遙參(can)亭(ting)”，是古代過往行旅拜(bai)謁岳(yue)(yue)神的(de)地方。檐坊和雀替(ti)上(shang)面(mian)透雕戲曲故(gu)事，形象優美，精(jing)巧(qiao)異常。穿過遙參(can)亭(ting)，迎(ying)面(mian)就是天(tian)中閣(ge)。天(tian)中閣(ge)在明(ming)清之際是中岳(yue)(yue)廟(miao)的(de)正門(men)，原名黃中樓，明(ming)嘉靖年間(jian)(jian)改為(wei)今名，面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian)，重(zhong)檐綠瓦，雕梁畫柱(zhu)，飛檐凌(ling)空，風格獨秀(xiu)。門(men)上(shang)虎頭大釘緊(jin)扣(kou)，門(men)外兩個石(shi)(shi)獅守衛，栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生，為(wei)清代雕刻的(de)代表作。東側雄獅口中，有(you)直(zhi)徑為(wei)15厘(li)米(mi)的(de)石(shi)(shi)雕圓球，西側雌(ci)獅前蹄按一(yi)小獅，工藝(yi)精(jing)巧(qiao)，獨具匠心。石(shi)(shi)獅之后，是辟(pi)有(you)三(san)個門(men)洞的(de)高臺樓閣(ge)。臺高7米(mi)有(you)余，上(shang)面(mian)有(you)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)五間(jian)(jian)、進深一(yi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)式建筑(zhu)，覆以綠色琉璃瓦，四周筑(zhu)有(you)女兒(er)墻。游人至此，舉(ju)目四望(wang)，東有(you)牧子崗(gang)，西臨望(wang)朝(chao)嶺，南接玉(yu)案山(shan)，北依黃蓋峰。

配天作鎮坊

出天中(zhong)閣沿甬道拾級而上，其后便是(shi)木結構配(pei)天作鎮(zhen)枋(fang)。它(ta)原(yuan)名(ming)叫“宇廟坊”，古時(shi)稱中(zhong)岳(yue)為(wei)土神，意思是(shi)以(yi)地配(pei)天。枋(fang)起(qi)三架，廡殿式屋頂(ding)，斗拱雀替，雕琢華麗。正(zheng)樓(lou)額書“配(pei)天作鎮(zhen)”，左(zuo)右配(pei)樓(lou)分別書“宇廟”、“俱瞻”。配(pei)天作鎮(zhen)枋(fang)后為(wei)松柏掩映(ying)的崇(chong)(chong)圣門。此門為(wei)過往門庭，因中(zhong)岳(yue)神曾被封為(wei)“中(zhong)岳(yue)天中(zhong)崇(chong)(chong)圣大帝”而得名(ming)。

崇圣門

崇圣門東有古神庫，創建于(yu)(yu)北(bei)宋(song)。在(zai)古神庫周圍有四(si)個(ge)高(gao)大的(de)鐵人(ren)，四(si)大鐵人(ren)鑄造于(yu)(yu)北(bei)宋(song)英宗治平元年(nian)（公元1064年(nian)），高(gao)3米許，重約(yue)3噸，握拳振臂(bei)，怒目挺(ting)胸，形(xing)象威嚴，栩(xu)栩(xu)如生，是中國現存形(xing)體較(jiao)大，保存較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)四(si)個(ge)“守庫鐵人(ren)”，同時(shi)也是北(bei)宋(song)鑄造的(de)藝術珍品。

化三門

化(hua)三門(men)(men)取(qu)名于道(dao)教的(de)“一氣化(hua)三清”，是(shi)中岳廟的(de)過(guo)往門(men)(men)庭。化(hua)三門(men)(men)后(hou)西側，有無字(zi)(zi)碑亭。亭內(nei)立有清代石碑一通，碑上只(zhi)有線刻花邊，沒有文(wen)字(zi)(zi)，故稱"無字(zi)(zi)碑"。立此(ci)碑的(de)意(yi)思(si)是(shi)說(shuo)岳神之德，大得難以用文(wen)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)容(rong)，故立空(kong)石，以示紀念。

龍王廟

龍(long)王廟，其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在(zai)中(zhong)岳(yue)廟院外，整個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)仿古而莊嚴，現(xian)(xian)是在(zai)唐(tang)代(dai)古廟的基地上建(jian)(jian)成一(yi)座具有現(xian)(xian)代(dai)與古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特色的道(dao)觀，位于(yu)中(zhong)岳(yue)山(shan)脈之(zhi)首(shou)，上接天宇，地連龍(long)脈。整座龍(long)王廟，呈龍(long)形與道(dao)家八卦象位而建(jian)(jian)，廟中(zhong)龍(long)王、龍(long)太子形像栩栩如生，威嚴逼真，是求神求財靈(ling)驗之(zhi)道(dao)場(chang)。

交通指南

在登封市乘坐2路公交(jiao)車(che)，在“中(zhong)岳廟”站下車(che)即到，2路公交(jiao)車(che)也可以到嵩陽書院。