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一.產品介紹

西瓜（學(xue)名：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai）一年(nian)生蔓(man)生藤本；莖、枝粗(cu)壯，具明顯的棱。卷須較粗(cu)壯，具短柔毛(mao)，葉(xie)柄(bing)粗(cu)，密被柔毛(mao)；葉(xie)片(pian)紙(zhi)質(zhi)，輪廓三角狀卵形(xing)(xing)，帶(dai)白綠色，兩面(mian)具短硬毛(mao)，葉(xie)片(pian)基(ji)部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)。雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)同(tong)株。雌(ci)、雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)均(jun)單生于葉(xie)腋。雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長3-4厘(li)米，密被黃褐色長柔毛(mao)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼筒(tong)寬鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃色；雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊近(jin)離生，花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短，藥室折(zhe)曲(qu)。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼和花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)同(tong)；子(zi)房(fang)卵形(xing)(xing)，柱頭(tou)腎形(xing)(xing)。果實大型，近(jin)于球形(xing)(xing)或橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，肉質(zhi)，多汁，果皮光滑，色澤(ze)及紋飾(shi)各式(shi)。種子(zi)多數，卵形(xing)(xing)，黑色、紅色，兩面(mian)平滑，基(ji)部(bu)鈍圓(yuan)，通(tong)常邊緣稍(shao)拱起，花(hua)(hua)(hua)果期夏季。

中國各地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)，品種甚(shen)多(duo)，外(wai)果(guo)皮、果(guo)肉及種子(zi)形式(shi)多(duo)樣，以新(xin)疆、甘肅(su)蘭(lan)州、山東德州、江蘇東臺等地(di)最為(wei)有(you)名(ming)。其原(yuan)種可能來自非洲，久已廣泛栽(zai)培(pei)于(yu)世界(jie)熱帶到溫帶，金、元(yuan)時始傳(chuan)入中國。

西瓜(gua)為夏季(ji)之水(shui)果，果肉味甜，能降溫(wen)去暑；種(zhong)子含油，可作消遣食品；果皮(pi)藥用，有清熱、利尿、降血壓之效。

形態特征

一年生蔓(man)生藤本；莖(jing)、枝(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具明顯的(de)棱溝，被長(chang)(chang)而密的(de)白(bai)色(se)或淡黃褐色(se)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛。卷須較粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛，2歧，葉(xie)柄(bing)粗，長(chang)(chang)3-12厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，粗0.2-0.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，具不明顯的(de)溝紋，密被柔(rou)(rou)毛；葉(xie)片(pian)紙(zhi)質，輪廓三(san)角狀卵形，帶白(bai)綠(lv)色(se)，長(chang)(chang)8-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)5-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，兩面具短(duan)硬毛，脈上和背(bei)面較多，3深裂(lie)，中裂(lie)片(pian)較長(chang)(chang)，倒(dao)卵形、長(chang)(chang)圓狀披針形或披針形，頂端急尖或漸尖，裂(lie)片(pian)又(you)羽狀或二(er)重羽狀淺(qian)裂(lie)或深裂(lie)，邊(bian)緣波狀或有疏齒(chi)，末(mo)次裂(lie)片(pian)通(tong)常有少數淺(qian)鋸齒(chi)，先端鈍(dun)圓，葉(xie)片(pian)基部心形，有時形成半圓形的(de)彎缺，彎缺寬(kuan)1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，深0.5-0.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。

雌(ci)雄同(tong)株。雌(ci)、雄花(hua)均單生于葉腋。雄花(hua)：花(hua)梗長(chang)3-4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，密(mi)(mi)被黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)長(chang)柔毛；花(hua)萼(e)筒(tong)寬鐘形，密(mi)(mi)被長(chang)柔毛，花(hua)萼(e)裂(lie)片狹(xia)披(pi)針(zhen)形，與花(hua)萼(e)筒(tong)近等長(chang)，長(chang)2-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)；花(hua)冠(guan)淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)，徑2.5-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，外(wai)面(mian)帶綠色(se)(se)(se)，被長(chang)柔毛，裂(lie)片卵狀長(chang)圓(yuan)形，長(chang)1-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬0.5-0.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)端鈍或稍尖，脈黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)，被毛；雄蕊3，近離生，1枚(mei)(mei)1室(shi)，2枚(mei)(mei)2室(shi)，花(hua)絲短，藥室(shi)折曲。雌(ci)花(hua)：花(hua)萼(e)和花(hua)冠(guan)與雄花(hua)同(tong)；子房卵形，長(chang)0.5-0.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，寬0.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，密(mi)(mi)被長(chang)柔毛，花(hua)柱長(chang)4-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，柱頭(tou)3，腎形。

果(guo)實(shi)大型，近于球形(xing)或橢圓形(xing)，肉(rou)質，多汁，果(guo)皮光(guang)滑(hua)，色(se)澤及紋(wen)飾各(ge)式。種子多數，卵形(xing)，黑色(se)、紅色(se)，有時為白(bai)色(se)、黃色(se)、淡綠色(se)或有斑紋(wen)，兩面(mian)平滑(hua)，基部鈍(dun)圓，通常(chang)邊緣稍拱(gong)起，長1-1.5厘米，寬0.5-0.8厘米，厚1-2毫米，花果(guo)期夏季。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)(qing)(qing)況 夏(xia)邑(yi)(yi)屬(shu)(shu)黃淮沖積平(ping)原(yuan)，地(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)西(xi)北向(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)微(wei)傾，地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)平(ping)坦。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)潮土(tu)(tu)類沙(sha)質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，耕作(zuo)層(ceng)(ceng)深厚(hou)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)ph7.8，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質含量(liang)1.41%，全(quan)氮1.037克(ke)/千(qian)克(ke)，速效磷15.3毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/千(qian)克(ke)，速效鉀(jia)131毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/千(qian)克(ke)。土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥沃，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)通透(tou)性好(hao)(hao)兩合(he)土(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)和淤土(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)共占土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)94%。無污染(ran)源(yuan)，病蟲害少，非常(chang)適合(he)西(xi)瓜生長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)(qing)(qing)況 夏(xia)邑(yi)(yi)縣屬(shu)(shu)淮河流(liu)域(yu)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐沛(pei)，年平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)（地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）總量(liang)為(wei)(wei)3.413億立方(fang)米(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是主要供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來源(yuan)，具有埋藏淺、增補快、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質好(hao)(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)適宜、開采容易等(deng)特(te)點(dian)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)來自降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和入境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)以上流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)虬龍溝、巴清河、沱河、東(dong)沙(sha)河等(deng)14條河流(liu)自西(xi)向(xiang)東(dong)橫穿全(quan)境(jing)，年平(ping)均(jun)入境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1億多立方(fang)米(mi)。根據調查分(fen)析，全(quan)縣大部(bu)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良好(hao)(hao)，淺層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化度(du)小于2克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)好(hao)(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積和2－3克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)中等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)積分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)1033.8平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)和343.9平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，占全(quan)縣總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)93.5％。中層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質大部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化度(du)2克(ke)/升(sheng)，深層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質全(quan)為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化度(du)小于1.5克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)，一般PH值(zhi)6－9，溶解氧5.6－12.5毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，生化耗氧量(liang)1.4－4.7毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質富含硒，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質達到國家灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)標準。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候情(qing)(qing)(qing)況 夏(xia)邑(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)(di)處南(nan)北氣(qi)(qi)候過渡帶，屬(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕潤(run)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區，年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.1攝(she)氏度(du)。全(quan)年光照充足(zu)，冷暖適中，四季(ji)(ji)分(fen)明，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和，全(quan)年日(ri)照時數(shu)2258.4h。常(chang)年無霜期為(wei)(wei)217d。年平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)785.2mm。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.6℃，7月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.3℃，1月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)0.4℃，設施栽培(pei)中西(xi)瓜果(guo)實膨大期的(de)四、五月份外界(jie)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)37.5℃。種植西(xi)瓜的(de)環境(jing)條件(jian)十分(fen)優越。

三.地域范圍

夏(xia)(xia)邑縣(xian)位(wei)于河(he)南省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)部，隴(long)海鐵(tie)路南側，東(dong)(dong)部和南部與(yu)(yu)(yu)永城市(shi)為(wei)鄰，西部和北(bei)部與(yu)(yu)(yu)虞(yu)城縣(xian)接壤，西南部與(yu)(yu)(yu)安徽(hui)亳州(zhou)市(shi)交界，東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部與(yu)(yu)(yu)安徽(hui)省(sheng)碭山縣(xian)毗鄰。夏(xia)(xia)邑西瓜地域(yu)范圍(wei)東(dong)(dong)端(duan)自火店鄉(xiang)周莊村，西端(duan)至(zhi)郭(guo)店鎮(zhen)(zhen)張(zhang)廠(chang)村；南端(duan)自岐河(he)鄉(xiang)吳張(zhang)莊村，北(bei)端(duan)至(zhi)王集鄉(xiang)草場(chang)村。地理坐標位(wei)于北(bei)緯(wei)34°04′07″至(zhi) 34°21′20″，東(dong)(dong)經(jing)116°02′18″至(zhi)116°25′25″，區域(yu)面積43581公頃，主要(yao)涉及王集鄉(xiang)、郭(guo)莊農(nong)貿區、劉店鄉(xiang)、太平鎮(zhen)(zhen)、火店鄉(xiang)、北(bei)嶺(ling)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、曹集鄉(xiang)、胡(hu)橋鄉(xiang)、孔莊鄉(xiang)、郭(guo)店鎮(zhen)(zhen)、會(hui)亭鎮(zhen)(zhen)、岐河(he)鄉(xiang)，1個(ge)農(nong)貿區，11個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)，373個(ge)行政村。目前夏(xia)(xia)邑西瓜種植(zhi)面積9666.7公頃，總產55.5萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官特征：果形(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)球形(xing)(xing)，發育正常，具有(you)本品種應(ying)有(you)的特征，不得有(you)畸形(xing)(xing)。果皮(pi)為(wei)(wei)淺(qian)綠色(se)，并(bing)有(you)十幾條鋸(ju)齒狀墨綠色(se)條紋，果皮(pi)光滑，茸毛消(xiao)失，果皮(pi)無(wu)傷害。 4.2內(nei)在品質指標：瓤(rang)(rang)色(se)為(wei)(wei)粉紅色(se)，無(wu)白筋，無(wu)僵塊。果實成熟，汁多味甘(gan)，肉質細(xi)嫩。單果重4～8kg，含可(ke)溶性(xing)固形(xing)(xing)物(wu)瓜瓤(rang)(rang)中心≥12.4%；瓜瓤(rang)(rang)邊(bian)緣≥11.2%；可(ke)滴定(ding)酸0.72g/kg；抗壞血(xue)酸8.44mg/kg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)與栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)特(te)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結(jie)(jie)構。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四(si)(si)膜(mo)多(duo)層覆(fu)蓋(gai)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)30-50米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)、高(gao)2.0米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)竹桿(gan)或鋼管(guan)結(jie)(jie)構拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。該(gai)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)透光率高(gao)，升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快，抗(kang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)雪災害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)能(neng)力(li)(li)較強，投入(ru)成(cheng)(cheng)本較低(di)，建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪(nuo)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)，且(qie)能(neng)達到(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立(li)春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、4月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)（骨架、塑(su)(su)料(liao)膜(mo)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工）投入(ru)3500元左(zuo)右(you)(you)，但(dan)年純畝(mu)(mu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)達6000多(duo)元，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年。 3.2 為(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)點，選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇了(le)(le)(le)(le)自(zi)根(gen)(gen)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)。夏(xia)(xia)邑(yi)縣(xian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)根(gen)(gen)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)，與采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，由(you)于(yu)顯(xian)著縮(suo)短定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)提早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，并(bing)(bing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口感(gan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)味，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市場具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較強競爭力(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)年份比(bi)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場售(shou)價每(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤高(gao)0.5-0.6元。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)，育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)(cheng)本比(bi)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減少70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.3 設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪(lun)(lun)茬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解決(jue)重(zhong)茬問題(ti)。全(quan)縣(xian)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍推(tui)廣了(le)(le)(le)(le)連續(xu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2年西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬(ban)家更(geng)換(huan)(huan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)配合(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)，既減少了(le)(le)(le)(le)肥(fei)料(liao)、農(nong)藥使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，又減輕了(le)(le)(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，利(li)于(yu)實現優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，外(wai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)多(duo)數(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區均(jun)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克服設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)重(zhong)茬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于(yu)枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)帶(dai)(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)難題(ti)。夏(xia)(xia)邑(yi)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)，不(bu)(bu)僅重(zhong)視選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，而(er)且(qie)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)技術(shu)(shu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 通(tong)(tong)過(guo)近幾年的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)比(bi)試驗，篩選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)適(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且(qie)綜合(he)(he)性(xing)狀表(biao)現較好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口感(gan)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo)，纖維少，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉酥脆，甜度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)，果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)型(xing)美觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色(se)(se)鮮亮。目前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦(tan)、排(pai)灌方(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件符合(he)(he)NY/T 5010-2016無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件，3年以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)未(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類(lei)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)建(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)符合(he)(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)田(tian)灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體(ti)(ti)跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)6m，長(chang)30-40m，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無立(li)柱鋼架，堅固耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，安卸方(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)，遮(zhe)陰少，便(bian)(bian)于(yu)管(guan)理(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積1.5-2hm2，早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，秋茬接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒(jiao)。2年更(geng)換(huan)(huan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)，結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效解決(jue)連作(zuo)(zuo)帶(dai)(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)茬障礙，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)少,利(li)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)“自(zi)根(gen)(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)“換(huan)(huan)根(gen)(gen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口感(gan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)味。 3.4.3 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1個(ge)月(yue)(yue)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)基(ji)肥(fei)，每(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐(fu)熟糞肥(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg，或商品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機菌(jun)肥(fei)100Kg，三(san)元素(su)（15-15-15）硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)50Kg-75Kg，肥(fei)料(liao)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)混(hun)勻整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)，利(li)于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)貯(zhu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淺溝作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)行(xing)(xing)道，把畦面(mian)(mian)(mian)分成(cheng)(cheng)兩部(bu)分，各(ge)寬(kuan)2.5m-3m。栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)灑異丙甲(jia)草(cao)胺(an)封(feng)閉型(xing)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)劑防除(chu)(chu)雜草(cao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩邊(bian)60cm-70cm處(chu)各(ge)鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)膜(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)。而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，加(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)兩幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)把畦面(mian)(mian)(mian)全(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)，利(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑和(he)(he)提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)(pei)育壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)分2-3批進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)元月(yue)(yue)5-10日(ri)，間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分別播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)二、三(san)批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)。 3.4.4.2 育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇管(guan)理(li)(li)、運(yun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)1.3m左(zuo)右(you)(you)，長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)大(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短4-6m。畦面(mian)(mian)(mian)低(di)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm，鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層舊塑(su)(su)膜(mo)利(li)于(yu)提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪(pu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)線,每(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床需要(yao)電功(gong)率100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)電熱(re)線，布線間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)稀(xi)些，兩邊(bian)稍密，注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)電熱(re)線不(bu)(bu)得剪斷(duan)，布線時(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)交叉、不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)疊，具體(ti)(ti)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法見說明(ming)(ming)書。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴(xue)盤(pan)+基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具，穴(xue)盤(pan)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)盤(pan)50穴(xue)。把裝入(ru)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穴(xue)盤(pan)整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)排(pai)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)熱(re)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)覆(fu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)，加(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)(she)2-3層小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)電加(jia)(jia)熱(re)，小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)邊(bian)夜(ye)里蓋(gai)1-2層毛氈(zhan)。 3.4.4.3 浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)芽。先(xian)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)浸入(ru)55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)攪拌至水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)到(dao)30℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)再浸泡(pao)12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓洗(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，瀝干水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕毛巾包好(hao)(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-30℃條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia)(xia)催(cui)芽，約24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，未(wei)露(lu)(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)繼續(xu)催(cui)芽。 3.4.4.4 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)透育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，把催(cui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)芽的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)平(ping)(ping)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，深度(du)(du)(du)2cm左(zuo)右(you)(you)，每(mei)(mei)穴(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽，播后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)蓋(gai)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚(hou)，再蓋(gai)薄(bo)膜(mo)、拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四(si)(si)周封(feng)嚴(yan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)通(tong)(tong)電源加(jia)(jia)熱(re)。特(te)別提醒：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預防鼠(shu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆毒(du)餌(er)撒放(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床周圍(wei)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)人(ren)畜(chu)安全(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，地(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)真葉(xie)展開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)15-18℃，真葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)18-20℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)穴(xue)盤(pan)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮濕，如不(bu)(bu)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)。適(shi)(shi)當(dang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，同時(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)增加(jia)(jia)光照時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，提高(gao)抗(kang)逆性(xing)，逐漸通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)22-25℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)(zai) 2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)，拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外(wai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)于(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)始定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式，行(xing)(xing)距2.5m-3.0m，株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距0.35m-0.40m，每(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)600-650株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床澆(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)9：00-15：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，沿澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)附近按株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)距要(yao)求(qiu)打孔，孔徑8cm-10cm，深6cm-8cm，輕輕將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從穴(xue)盤(pan)取(qu)(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，并(bing)(bing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)根(gen)(gen)坨完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)孔內(nei)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細土(tu)(tu)(tu)封(feng)好(hao)(hao)(hao)。全(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)完(wan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，沿定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)插(cha)高(gao)60cm，跨(kua)120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，扣上(shang)(shang)(shang)薄(bo)膜(mo)，并(bing)(bing)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-35℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)13℃，10cm地(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，適(shi)(shi)當(dang)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25-35℃，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)40℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左(zuo)右(you)(you)，不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)12℃。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)15℃。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實開(kai)始膨大(da)(da)到(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)控制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)15℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調控棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)濕度(du)(du)(du)、空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)55-65%，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幼(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)(man)期(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%，開(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)65%，膨果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)管(guan)理(li)(li) 推(tui)廣配方(fang)(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)等(deng)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)新(xin)技術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)大(da)(da)力(li)(li)推(tui)廣測土(tu)(tu)(tu)配方(fang)(fang)技術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)技術(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)劑技術(shu)(shu)、滴灌方(fang)(fang)式優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)溶肥(fei)追肥(fei)、葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)技術(shu)(shu)五項(xiang)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)技術(shu)(shu)，改良土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，提高(gao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)，優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)化(hua)根(gen)(gen)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)環境(jing)，降(jiang)低(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健(jian)壯(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)全(quan)部(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)管(guan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)膜(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)，即“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)”節肥(fei)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技術(shu)(shu)，把施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)和(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)起來，使西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)(gen)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)含量(liang)(liang)，減少裂(lie)(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，提高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率，減輕病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，達到(dao)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)少澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，提高(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)扎(zha)，緩(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，防止旺長(chang)。膨瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，第(di)(di)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實直(zhi)徑4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實直(zhi)徑10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)停(ting)止澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ②追肥(fei)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況，葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)0.3%磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)二氫鉀溶液(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率。坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)追肥(fei)，幼(you)(you)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞蛋大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)膨瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)，按每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶三(san)元素(su)復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)10kg、硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀5kg，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追1次(ci)(ci)(ci)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)同第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)二氫鉀溶液(ye)(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)雙蔓(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)法，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)，當(dang)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)長(chang)到(dao)20cm，從第(di)(di)3-5節位選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1條(tiao)健(jian)壯(zhuang)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)，其(qi)余全(quan)部(bu)去掉(diao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)、側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)(shang)長(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)(chu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨大(da)(da)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，頂部(bu)再伸(shen)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)遮(zhe)光原則決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)摘除(chu)(chu)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)第(di)(di)2-3朵雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)1個(ge)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，如未(wei)坐(zuo)住(zhu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)第(di)(di)2朵雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為(wei)(wei)(wei)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，目前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工授粉(fen)或激(ji)(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法。 ①人(ren)工授粉(fen)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)到(dao)4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)，正值(zhi)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)很少，必須人(ren)工授粉(fen)。每(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)6：00-10：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)內(nei)，當(dang)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，從田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)摘取(qu)(qu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)，去掉(diao)花(hua)(hua)瓣，露(lu)(lu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)(hua)蕊，將花(hua)(hua)蕊對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕輕均(jun)勻涂抹(mo)。 ②激(ji)(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)較少，為(wei)(wei)(wei)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。方(fang)(fang)法是：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)當(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)午7-10點或下(xia)(xia)(xia)午3-6點用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)噴(pen)(pen)壺將藥液(ye)(ye)均(jun)勻噴(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)于(yu)18℃，每(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75千克；18-24℃，每(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75-1千克。激(ji)(ji)素(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)重(zhong)復(fu)或過(guo)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)防裂(lie)(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為(wei)(wei)(wei)準(zhun)確判斷(duan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部(bu)位附近明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)位置(zhi)，擺放(fang)寫明(ming)(ming)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)牌子(zi)(zi)。 3.4.7 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)綜合(he)(he)防治(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防治(zhi)中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠(lv)色(se)(se)防控。堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)農(nong)業措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)理(li)(li)防治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)和(he)(he)藥劑防治(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。普遍采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃板誘(you)殺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)防治(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)菌(jun)治(zhi)菌(jun)、煙霧(wu)劑防治(zhi)等(deng)技術(shu)(shu)，做(zuo)到(dao)治(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)，實現綠(lv)色(se)(se)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)；害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類(lei)、斜紋(wen)夜(ye)蛾。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)農(nong)業防治(zhi)，培(pei)(pei)育壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雜草(cao)。加(jia)(jia)強田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li)，合(he)(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)澆(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。推(tui)廣輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)換(huan)(huan)茬，要(yao)求(qiu)2年一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更(geng)換(huan)(huan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)，減少連作(zuo)(zuo)障礙。二是物(wu)理(li)(li)防治(zhi)，推(tui)廣黃板誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，銀灰色(se)(se)地(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)驅蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)技術(shu)(shu)。三(san)是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌(jun)肥(fei)，優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)。四(si)(si)是化(hua)學防治(zhi)。猝倒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜霉威(wei)500倍液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防治(zhi)。枯(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)(mu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)2kg,細土(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混(hun)勻，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)，發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)靈(ling)500倍液(ye)(ye)灌根(gen)(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)灌藥液(ye)(ye)250ml。炭疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯(ben)醚甲(jia)環唑1500倍液(ye)(ye)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)防治(zhi)關(guan)鍵是及時(shi)(shi)(shi)防治(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，發(fa)現病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)拔除(chu)(chu)；蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉，紅蜘蛛螨(man)類(lei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠螨(man)靈(ling)，斜紋(wen)夜(ye)蛾可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安打,按要(yao)求(qiu)倍數(shu)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防治(zhi)。 3.4.8 適(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou) 早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)達到(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟，可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)據運(yun)輸遠近距離確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)過(guo)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)晚，以(yi)(yi)(yi)免影響(xiang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄同時(shi)(shi)(shi)輕拿輕放(fang)，裝入(ru)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙箱，利(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 為(wei)(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證夏(xia)(xia)邑(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，夏(xia)(xia)邑(yi)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協會制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)并(bing)(bing)執行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)(shu)規范，各(ge)企業要(yao)設(she)(she)(she)專(zhuan)人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)點、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)名稱、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥名稱、方(fang)(fang)式、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲、倉(cang)儲、銷售(shou)等(deng)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、人(ren)員有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)責任、技術(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規程(cheng)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臺賬、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記錄、售(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)檢測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)證明(ming)(ming)、信(xin)息有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)查(cha)詢(xun)“八有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證了(le)(le)(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝(zhuang)主要(yao)采取紙箱(xiang)。用于產(chan)(chan)品包裝(zhuang)的紙箱(xiang)應整潔、干燥、牢固、透氣、無污染、無異味(wei)、內壁無尖突(tu)物，紙箱(xiang)無潮(chao)濕、離(li)層(ceng)現象，包裝(zhuang)符合國家強(qiang)制(zhi)性標準(zhun)(zhun)。產(chan)(chan)品有(you)明確標簽，內容包括：產(chan)(chan)品名(ming)稱、商標、產(chan)(chan)品執行標準(zhun)(zhun)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者和詳細地址、包裝(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi)，要(yao)求字跡清晰、完整、準(zhun)(zhun)確。