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一.產品介紹

西瓜（學名：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai）一年生(sheng)蔓生(sheng)藤本；莖、枝(zhi)粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具(ju)明顯的(de)棱。卷須較粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具(ju)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)，葉柄粗，密(mi)被(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)；葉片紙質，輪廓(kuo)三(san)角狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，帶白綠色(se)(se)，兩面(mian)具(ju)短(duan)硬毛(mao)，葉片基(ji)部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)。雌(ci)(ci)雄(xiong)同株。雌(ci)(ci)、雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均單(dan)生(sheng)于葉腋。雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長3-4厘米，密(mi)被(bei)黃褐色(se)(se)長柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒寬鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃色(se)(se)；雄(xiong)蕊近(jin)離生(sheng)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短(duan)，藥室折曲。雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)和(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同；子房(fang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，柱頭腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。果(guo)(guo)實大型，近(jin)于球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)，肉質，多(duo)汁(zhi)，果(guo)(guo)皮光(guang)滑(hua)，色(se)(se)澤(ze)及(ji)紋(wen)飾各(ge)式。種子多(duo)數，卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，黑色(se)(se)、紅(hong)色(se)(se)，兩面(mian)平滑(hua)，基(ji)部鈍圓，通常邊緣(yuan)稍拱起，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)期夏(xia)季。

中(zhong)國(guo)各地(di)栽(zai)培，品種(zhong)甚多，外(wai)果皮、果肉及種(zhong)子形式多樣，以(yi)新疆、甘肅(su)蘭州(zhou)、山東德(de)州(zhou)、江蘇東臺等地(di)最為有名。其原種(zhong)可(ke)能來自(zi)非洲，久已廣泛(fan)栽(zai)培于(yu)世(shi)界熱(re)帶(dai)到溫帶(dai)，金(jin)、元時(shi)始傳入(ru)中(zhong)國(guo)。

西瓜為夏(xia)季(ji)之水果，果肉(rou)味甜，能降溫去暑；種子含油，可作消遣(qian)食品(pin)；果皮藥(yao)用，有清熱(re)、利尿、降血壓之效。

形態特征

一年(nian)生蔓生藤本；莖、枝粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的棱溝，被(bei)長(chang)而密的白色(se)(se)或(huo)淡黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)長(chang)柔毛(mao)。卷須較粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，具短柔毛(mao)，2歧(qi)，葉柄粗，長(chang)3-12厘(li)米，粗0.2-0.4厘(li)米，具不明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的溝紋(wen)，密被(bei)柔毛(mao)；葉片(pian)紙(zhi)質(zhi)，輪廓三角狀卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，帶(dai)白綠色(se)(se)，長(chang)8-20厘(li)米，寬(kuan)5-15厘(li)米，兩面具短硬毛(mao)，脈上(shang)和(he)背面較多，3深(shen)裂，中裂片(pian)較長(chang)，倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)狀披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)，頂端急尖或(huo)漸(jian)尖，裂片(pian)又羽(yu)狀或(huo)二重羽(yu)狀淺裂或(huo)深(shen)裂，邊緣波狀或(huo)有疏齒，末次(ci)裂片(pian)通常有少(shao)數(shu)淺鋸齒，先端鈍圓(yuan)，葉片(pian)基部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)，有時形(xing)(xing)(xing)成半(ban)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的彎缺(que)，彎缺(que)寬(kuan)1-2厘(li)米，深(shen)0.5-0.8厘(li)米。

雌雄(xiong)同株。雌、雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)均單(dan)生(sheng)于葉腋。雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)3-4厘(li)米，密被(bei)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒寬(kuan)(kuan)鐘形(xing)，密被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)裂片(pian)狹披針形(xing)，與(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒近(jin)等長(chang)(chang)，長(chang)(chang)2-3毫米；花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃(huang)色(se)，徑(jing)2.5-3厘(li)米，外(wai)面帶綠(lv)色(se)，被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)，裂片(pian)卵狀長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)米，寬(kuan)(kuan)0.5-0.8厘(li)米，頂端鈍(dun)或(huo)稍(shao)尖，脈黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)，被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)；雄(xiong)蕊3，近(jin)離生(sheng)，1枚1室，2枚2室，花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短，藥室折曲(qu)。雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)和花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)同；子(zi)房(fang)卵形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)0.5-0.8厘(li)米，寬(kuan)(kuan)0.4厘(li)米，密被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)長(chang)(chang)4-5毫米，柱(zhu)頭3，腎形(xing)。

果(guo)實大型(xing)，近(jin)于球形或橢(tuo)圓形，肉質，多汁，果(guo)皮光滑(hua)，色(se)(se)澤及(ji)紋飾各式。種子多數，卵形，黑色(se)(se)、紅色(se)(se)，有時為白(bai)色(se)(se)、黃色(se)(se)、淡綠色(se)(se)或有斑紋，兩(liang)面(mian)平滑(hua)，基部鈍圓，通常(chang)邊緣稍(shao)拱起，長(chang)1-1.5厘米(mi)(mi)，寬0.5-0.8厘米(mi)(mi)，厚1-2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)，花果(guo)期夏(xia)季。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)屬(shu)(shu)黃淮(huai)沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)原，地(di)(di)(di)勢由西(xi)北向東(dong)南(nan)微(wei)傾，地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)平(ping)(ping)坦。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤為潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類沙質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，耕作層深(shen)厚，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤ph7.8，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)1.41%，全(quan)氮1.037克(ke)/千克(ke)，速效磷(lin)15.3毫克(ke)/千克(ke)，速效鉀131毫克(ke)/千克(ke)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)肥沃，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤通透性好(hao)(hao)兩(liang)合(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)和淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)共占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)94%。無污染源(yuan)，病(bing)蟲害少，非常(chang)適合(he)西(xi)瓜(gua)生(sheng)長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)縣屬(shu)(shu)淮(huai)河流(liu)域，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐沛(pei)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)（地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為3.413億立方(fang)(fang)米。地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是主(zhu)要供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來源(yuan)，具(ju)有埋藏(zang)淺(qian)、增(zeng)補快、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好(hao)(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)適宜、開采容易(yi)等(deng)(deng)特點(dian)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)來自降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和入境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)以上(shang)流(liu)域面積(ji)的(de)虬龍溝、巴(ba)清河、沱河、東(dong)沙河等(deng)(deng)14條河流(liu)自西(xi)向東(dong)橫穿全(quan)境，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)入境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為1億多(duo)立方(fang)(fang)米。根據調查分(fen)(fen)析，全(quan)縣大(da)部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)區地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)，淺(qian)層地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)(du)小于(yu)(yu)2克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)好(hao)(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)和2－3克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)分(fen)(fen)別為1033.8平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)和343.9平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)，占(zhan)全(quan)縣總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)93.5％。中(zhong)(zhong)層地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)為礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)(du)2克(ke)/升(sheng)，深(shen)層地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)全(quan)為礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)(du)小于(yu)(yu)1.5克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)表(biao)(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)較好(hao)(hao)，一般PH值6－9，溶(rong)解氧(yang)5.6－12.5毫克(ke)/升(sheng)，生(sheng)化(hua)耗氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)1.4－4.7毫克(ke)/升(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)富含(han)硒，地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到(dao)國家(jia)灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)標準。 2.3 氣(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)地(di)(di)(di)處南(nan)北氣(qi)候(hou)過渡(du)帶(dai)(dai)，屬(shu)(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)半濕潤(run)季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)區，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.1攝氏度(du)(du)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)光(guang)照(zhao)充(chong)足，冷暖適中(zhong)(zhong)，四季分(fen)(fen)明，氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時數2258.4h。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜期為217d。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)785.2mm。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.6℃，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.3℃，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)0.4℃，設施栽培中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)瓜(gua)果實(shi)膨大(da)期的(de)四、五月(yue)份外界最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)37.5℃。種植西(xi)瓜(gua)的(de)環境條件十(shi)分(fen)(fen)優(you)越。

三.地域范圍

夏(xia)邑縣位于(yu)河(he)南省東(dong)部(bu)，隴海鐵路南側，東(dong)部(bu)和南部(bu)與(yu)永城(cheng)市為(wei)鄰(lin)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)和北部(bu)與(yu)虞(yu)城(cheng)縣接(jie)壤，西(xi)(xi)(xi)南部(bu)與(yu)安徽(hui)亳州市交(jiao)界，東(dong)北部(bu)與(yu)安徽(hui)省碭山縣毗鄰(lin)。夏(xia)邑西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜地域范圍東(dong)端(duan)自火(huo)店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)周莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)端(duan)至(zhi)郭店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)張廠村(cun)(cun)；南端(duan)自岐河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)吳(wu)張莊(zhuang)村(cun)(cun)，北端(duan)至(zhi)王集鄉(xiang)(xiang)草場(chang)村(cun)(cun)。地理坐標位于(yu)北緯34°04′07″至(zhi) 34°21′20″，東(dong)經116°02′18″至(zhi)116°25′25″，區域面積43581公頃(qing)，主要涉及(ji)王集鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭莊(zhuang)農貿區、劉店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、太平鎮(zhen)、火(huo)店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、北嶺鎮(zhen)、曹集鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胡橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)、孔莊(zhuang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、郭店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)、會亭鎮(zhen)、岐河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)，1個(ge)農貿區，11個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，373個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)。目前夏(xia)邑西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜種植面積9666.7公頃(qing)，總產(chan)55.5萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官特征：果(guo)形(xing)為球形(xing)，發育正常，具有(you)本品種應有(you)的特征，不得有(you)畸形(xing)。果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)為淺綠色，并(bing)有(you)十幾條鋸齒狀墨綠色條紋，果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)光滑，茸毛消失(shi)，果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)無傷害。 4.2內在品質指標：瓤(rang)色為粉紅色，無白(bai)筋(jin)，無僵塊。果(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟，汁多味甘，肉質細(xi)嫩。單果(guo)重(zhong)4～8kg，含可溶性固形(xing)物瓜(gua)瓤(rang)中(zhong)心(xin)≥12.4%；瓜(gua)瓤(rang)邊(bian)緣≥11.2%；可滴定酸0.72g/kg；抗壞血酸8.44mg/kg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)適(shi)合(he)(he)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)與栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)特(te)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四(si)膜多(duo)層(ceng)覆蓋(gai)(gai)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)30-50米(mi)、寬6米(mi)、高(gao)(gao)2.0米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹(zhu)桿或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株。該(gai)拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)透光率(lv)高(gao)(gao)，升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快，抗風(feng)(feng)(feng)雪(xue)災害(hai)(hai)能(neng)力(li)較(jiao)強，投入(ru)(ru)成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)(di)(di)，建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)，且能(neng)達(da)到(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、4月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果(guo)(guo)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)（骨架、塑料(liao)膜、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工）投入(ru)(ru)3500元左右，但年(nian)純(chun)畝(mu)收(shou)入(ru)(ru)達(da)6000多(duo)元，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年(nian)。 3.2 為(wei)保(bao)(bao)證早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)點(dian)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇了(le)自根(gen)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)。夏邑(yi)縣(xian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普(pu)遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自根(gen)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)，與采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)嫁接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)相比(bi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)縮(suo)短定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)提早(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)(shi)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，并(bing)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)了(le)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)(you)口(kou)感(gan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)味，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)場具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強競爭(zheng)力(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)年(nian)份比(bi)嫁接(jie)(jie)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場售價每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公斤高(gao)(gao)0.5-0.6元。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)，育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)嫁接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減(jian)(jian)少70%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.3 設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解(jie)決(jue)重(zhong)茬(cha)問(wen)題。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普(pu)遍(bian)推廣(guang)了(le)連續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2年(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬(ban)家更換(huan)地(di)(di)(di)塊，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配合(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，既減(jian)(jian)少了(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)、農(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，又(you)減(jian)(jian)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，外地(di)(di)(di)多(duo)數產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)均(jun)(jun)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克服設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)枯萎(wei)病(bing)等(deng)(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)(chuan)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)(deng)難題。夏邑(yi)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅重(zhong)視選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，而(er)且集(ji)成(cheng)先進(jin)(jin)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準(zhun)(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)近幾年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)比(bi)試驗，篩選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)適(shi)合(he)(he)拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且綜合(he)(he)性(xing)狀(zhuang)表現(xian)(xian)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)感(gan)好(hao)(hao)，果(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo)，纖(xian)維(wei)少，果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)酥(su)脆，甜度(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)，果(guo)(guo)型美(mei)觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色(se)(se)鮮亮。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)(mian)積90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)擇地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦、排灌方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)厚(hou)(hou)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)符合(he)(he)NY/T 5010-2016無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)未(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)塊建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)要(yao)符合(he)(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)田(tian)灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)求(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體(ti)跨(kua)度(du)(du)(du)6m，長(chang)(chang)(chang)30-40m，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)立柱鋼架，堅(jian)固耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，安(an)卸方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)，遮陰少，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積1.5-2hm2，早(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，秋茬(cha)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒。2年(nian)更換(huan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)塊，結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，可(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)效解(jie)決(jue)連作(zuo)(zuo)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)茬(cha)障礙，病(bing)害(hai)(hai)少,利于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)“自根(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)“換(huan)根(gen)嫁接(jie)(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固有(you)(you)(you)口(kou)感(gan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)味。 3.4.3 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐熟(shu)糞肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)商品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)菌(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100Kg，三(san)元素(su)（15-15-15）硫酸鉀(jia)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50Kg-75Kg，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)混勻整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)貯溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淺(qian)溝作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)人(ren)行(xing)(xing)道，把畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)分成(cheng)兩(liang)(liang)部分，各寬2.5m-3m。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)灑(sa)異(yi)丙甲(jia)草(cao)(cao)胺封(feng)閉型除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)除(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距(ju)(ju)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩(liang)(liang)邊60cm-70cm處(chu)(chu)(chu)各鋪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)膜下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，加(jia)(jia)蓋(gai)(gai)兩(liang)(liang)幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)膜把畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋(gai)(gai)，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)墑和(he)(he)提高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。適(shi)宜育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)1月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)分2-3批進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)元月(yue)(yue)5-10日(ri)(ri)，間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分別播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)二、三(san)批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。 3.4.4.2 育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、運(yun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)寬度(du)(du)(du)1.3m左右，長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)大棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短4-6m。畦(qi)面(mian)(mian)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm，鋪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)舊塑膜利于(yu)(yu)(yu)提高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪地(di)(di)(di)熱線,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)需要(yao)電(dian)功率(lv)100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)熱線，布線間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)稀(xi)些，兩(liang)(liang)邊稍密，注意(yi)電(dian)熱線不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得剪斷(duan)，布線時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)交叉、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)疊，具(ju)(ju)體(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法見說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴(xue)(xue)盤(pan)+基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具(ju)(ju)，穴(xue)(xue)盤(pan)大小為(wei)54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盤(pan)50穴(xue)(xue)。把裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穴(xue)(xue)盤(pan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齊地(di)(di)(di)排放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)熱線上(shang)(shang)(shang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)覆地(di)(di)(di)膜，加(jia)(jia)設(she)(she)(she)(she)2-3層(ceng)小拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱，小拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)邊夜(ye)里蓋(gai)(gai)1-2層(ceng)毛氈。 3.4.4.3 浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催芽。先將(jiang)(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子浸(jin)入(ru)(ru)55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)攪拌至水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降到(dao)(dao)30℃，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)再(zai)浸(jin)泡12小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓洗(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，瀝干(gan)水(shui)(shui)分，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕毛巾包好(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-30℃條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)催芽，約24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑出(chu)(chu)(chu)露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，未(wei)(wei)露(lu)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子繼續催芽。 3.4.4.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)透育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，把催出(chu)(chu)(chu)芽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)2cm左右，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽，播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆蓋(gai)(gai)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚(hou)(hou)，再(zai)蓋(gai)(gai)薄(bo)膜、拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)(deng)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四(si)周封(feng)嚴保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)源加(jia)(jia)熱。特(te)別提醒：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠害(hai)(hai)，可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆(long)毒餌撒放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)周圍，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注意(yi)人(ren)畜安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)真(zhen)葉展開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)15-18℃，真(zhen)葉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)18-20℃，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)穴(xue)(xue)盤(pan)基質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮濕，如不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)缺水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。適(shi)當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)光照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，提高(gao)(gao)抗逆性(xing)，逐漸通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)22-25℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)(zai)(zai) 2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)，拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內日(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)2.5m-3.0m，株距(ju)(ju)0.35m-0.40m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)600-650株。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)給(gei)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)9：00-15：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，沿澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)附近按株距(ju)(ju)要(yao)求(qiu)打(da)孔(kong)(kong)，孔(kong)(kong)徑(jing)8cm-10cm，深(shen)(shen)6cm-8cm，輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)將(jiang)(jiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從穴(xue)(xue)盤(pan)取(qu)(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，并(bing)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)根(gen)坨完整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)孔(kong)(kong)內，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)封(feng)好(hao)(hao)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，沿定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)插高(gao)(gao)60cm，跨(kua)120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小拱(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，扣(kou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)薄(bo)膜，并(bing)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-35℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)13℃，10cm地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維(wei)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，適(shi)當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25-35℃，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)40℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左右，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)12℃。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始膨大到(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)，白(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)等(deng)(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內濕度(du)(du)(du)、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對(dui)濕度(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)55-65%，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)相對(dui)含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至伸蔓期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%，開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)65%，膨果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 推廣(guang)配方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)新技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大力(li)推廣(guang)測土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、滴灌方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)溶(rong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)五項先進(jin)(jin)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，改良(liang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，提高(gao)(gao)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)，優(you)(you)化根(gen)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)環境(jing)，降低(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)(chuan)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，促進(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健壯(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，保(bao)(bao)障高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)膜下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，即(ji)“水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)化”節(jie)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，把施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)起來，使(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)區(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)最佳(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)含量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，提高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)，減(jian)(jian)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，提高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，促進(jin)(jin)根(gen)系(xi)下(xia)(xia)扎，緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)伸蔓水(shui)(shui)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止旺長(chang)(chang)(chang)。膨瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)，第(di)1次(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)直徑(jing)4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)2次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)直徑(jing)10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)停(ting)止澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。 ②追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)情況，葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)0.3%磷(lin)酸二氫(qing)鉀(jia)溶(rong)液，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)率(lv)。坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，幼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞蛋大時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)膨瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，按每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)溶(rong)三(san)元素(su)復(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg、硫酸鉀(jia)5kg，以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追1次(ci)(ci)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷(lin)酸二氫(qing)鉀(jia)溶(rong)液1-2次(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)留(liu)(liu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)雙蔓整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)法，保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓，當(dang)(dang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓長(chang)(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)20cm，從第(di)3-5節(jie)位(wei)(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)1條(tiao)健壯(zhuang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓，其余全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)部去掉(diao)，以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)、側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓上(shang)(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨大后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，頂(ding)部再(zai)伸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遮光原(yuan)則(ze)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)摘除(chu)。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓第(di)2-3朵雌花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株留(liu)(liu)1個(ge)(ge)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，如未(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)住，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓第(di)2朵雌花(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為(wei)促進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)工授(shou)粉或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)激(ji)素(su)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法。 ①人(ren)工授(shou)粉。開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)(dao)4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)，正值低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節(jie)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)很少，必須(xu)人(ren)工授(shou)粉。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)6：00-10：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段內，當(dang)(dang)雄花(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)雌花(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，從田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)摘取(qu)(qu)雄花(hua)(hua)，去掉(diao)花(hua)(hua)瓣，露(lu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)(hua)蕊，將(jiang)(jiang)花(hua)(hua)蕊對(dui)準(zhun)(zhun)雌花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕(qing)(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)均(jun)(jun)勻涂抹。 ②激(ji)素(su)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)雄花(hua)(hua)較(jiao)少，為(wei)促進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)素(su)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法是(shi)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雌花(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)當(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)午7-10點(dian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)下(xia)(xia)午3-6點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小噴(pen)(pen)(pen)壺將(jiang)(jiang)藥液均(jun)(jun)勻噴(pen)(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)18℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升兌水(shui)(shui)0.75千克；18-24℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升兌水(shui)(shui)0.75-1千克。激(ji)素(su)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)重(zhong)復(fu)(fu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)過(guo)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)裂瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為(wei)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)判斷(duan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)部位(wei)(wei)附近明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)位(wei)(wei)置，擺放(fang)(fang)寫明(ming)(ming)(ming)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小牌子。 3.4.7 病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠色(se)(se)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。堅(jian)持(chi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)藥劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。普(pu)遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃板(ban)誘殺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)治(zhi)(zhi)菌(jun)(jun)、煙霧劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)病(bing)相結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)綠色(se)(se)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)猝倒病(bing)、枯萎(wei)病(bing)、炭(tan)疽(ju)病(bing)、蔓枯病(bing)和(he)(he)病(bing)毒病(bing)；害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類、斜(xie)紋夜(ye)蛾。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，培(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)病(bing)株雜(za)草(cao)(cao)。加(jia)(jia)強田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。推廣(guang)輪作(zuo)(zuo)換(huan)茬(cha)，要(yao)求(qiu)2年(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪作(zuo)(zuo)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更換(huan)地(di)(di)(di)塊，減(jian)(jian)少連作(zuo)(zuo)障礙。二是(shi)物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，推廣(guang)黃板(ban)誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，銀(yin)灰(hui)色(se)(se)地(di)(di)(di)膜驅(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。三(san)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)，增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌(jun)(jun)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，優(you)(you)化土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境(jing)。四(si)是(shi)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。猝倒病(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)病(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜霉威500倍液噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。枯萎(wei)病(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈2kg,細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混勻，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)，發(fa)病(bing)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌(jun)(jun)靈500倍液灌根(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株灌藥液250ml。炭(tan)疽(ju)病(bing)、蔓枯病(bing)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯醚甲(jia)環唑1500倍液。病(bing)毒病(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)關鍵是(shi)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)病(bing)株及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)除(chu)；蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)，紅蜘(zhi)蛛螨(man)類可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠(da)螨(man)靈，斜(xie)紋夜(ye)蛾可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安(an)打(da),按要(yao)求(qiu)倍數噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.8 適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou) 早(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左右達(da)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)熟(shu)，可(ke)(ke)根(gen)據運(yun)輸遠近距(ju)(ju)離確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)過(guo)早(zao)(zao)過(guo)晚，以(yi)(yi)免影響品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段果(guo)(guo)柄同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)拿輕(qing)(qing)(qing)放(fang)(fang)，裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙(zhi)箱，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)鮮。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 為(wei)保(bao)(bao)證夏邑(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夏邑(yi)縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協會制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)并(bing)執行(xing)(xing)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)范，各企業(ye)(ye)(ye)要(yao)設(she)(she)(she)(she)專人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)藥名稱、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)、倉儲、銷(xiao)售等(deng)(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)、人(ren)員(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)責任、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)規(gui)程(cheng)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥有(you)(you)(you)臺賬、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)(you)記錄、售前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)檢測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)證明(ming)(ming)(ming)、信息有(you)(you)(you)查詢“八有(you)(you)(you)”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)證了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包裝主要(yao)采取紙(zhi)箱(xiang)。用(yong)于(yu)產品(pin)包裝的(de)紙(zhi)箱(xiang)應整潔、干燥、牢固、透氣(qi)、無污染(ran)、無異味(wei)、內壁無尖突(tu)物，紙(zhi)箱(xiang)無潮(chao)濕(shi)、離層現象，包裝符合國家強制性標(biao)準(zhun)。產品(pin)有明確標(biao)簽(qian)，內容包括(kuo)：產品(pin)名稱、商標(biao)、產品(pin)執行(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)、生(sheng)產者和詳細地址、包裝日期，要(yao)求(qiu)字(zi)跡(ji)清晰、完整、準(zhun)確。