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一.產品介紹

西瓜（學名：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai）一年生(sheng)(sheng)蔓生(sheng)(sheng)藤本(ben)；莖(jing)、枝(zhi)粗壯，具明顯的棱。卷須(xu)較粗壯，具短(duan)柔毛，葉柄粗，密被柔毛；葉片紙質(zhi)，輪廓三角狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，帶白綠色(se)(se)，兩面(mian)具短(duan)硬毛，葉片基部(bu)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。雌(ci)雄同株。雌(ci)、雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均(jun)單生(sheng)(sheng)于葉腋(ye)。雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長3-4厘(li)米，密被黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)(se)長柔毛；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼筒寬(kuan)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡黃(huang)色(se)(se)；雄蕊近離生(sheng)(sheng)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短(duan)，藥室折曲。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)與雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同；子房(fang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，柱頭(tou)腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。果(guo)實大型，近于球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，肉質(zhi)，多汁，果(guo)皮光滑，色(se)(se)澤及紋飾各式。種子多數，卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，黑色(se)(se)、紅(hong)色(se)(se)，兩面(mian)平(ping)滑，基部(bu)鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)，通(tong)常邊(bian)緣(yuan)稍拱(gong)起，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)期夏(xia)季。

中國各(ge)地栽(zai)培(pei)，品種甚(shen)多(duo)，外(wai)果皮、果肉及種子形式(shi)多(duo)樣，以新疆、甘肅蘭州、山東德州、江蘇(su)東臺(tai)等地最為有名(ming)。其原種可能來自(zi)非洲，久已廣泛栽(zai)培(pei)于世界熱帶(dai)到溫帶(dai)，金、元時始傳入中國。

西瓜為夏季(ji)之水果(guo)，果(guo)肉味甜，能(neng)降(jiang)溫去暑；種子含油，可作消(xiao)遣食品；果(guo)皮(pi)藥用，有清熱(re)、利尿、降(jiang)血壓之效。

形態特征

一年生蔓(man)生藤(teng)本；莖、枝粗(cu)壯，具(ju)(ju)明(ming)顯的(de)棱溝，被(bei)長(chang)而密(mi)的(de)白(bai)色或(huo)(huo)淡黃(huang)褐(he)色長(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)。卷須較粗(cu)壯，具(ju)(ju)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)，2歧，葉柄粗(cu)，長(chang)3-12厘米(mi)(mi)，粗(cu)0.2-0.4厘米(mi)(mi)，具(ju)(ju)不明(ming)顯的(de)溝紋，密(mi)被(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)；葉片紙質(zhi)，輪廓三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)，帶(dai)白(bai)綠色，長(chang)8-20厘米(mi)(mi)，寬5-15厘米(mi)(mi)，兩(liang)面(mian)具(ju)(ju)短(duan)硬毛(mao)，脈(mo)上和背面(mian)較多，3深裂(lie)，中裂(lie)片較長(chang)，倒卵形(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)，頂端急尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)漸尖(jian)，裂(lie)片又羽狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)二重羽狀(zhuang)淺(qian)裂(lie)或(huo)(huo)深裂(lie)，邊緣波狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)有疏齒，末次裂(lie)片通(tong)常有少數淺(qian)鋸齒，先(xian)端鈍(dun)圓，葉片基部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)，有時形(xing)(xing)成半圓形(xing)(xing)的(de)彎(wan)缺，彎(wan)缺寬1-2厘米(mi)(mi)，深0.5-0.8厘米(mi)(mi)。

雌雄(xiong)同株。雌、雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)均單生于(yu)葉腋。雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)3-4厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，密(mi)(mi)被(bei)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)；花(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒寬鐘形，密(mi)(mi)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)，花(hua)(hua)萼(e)裂片狹披針(zhen)形，與花(hua)(hua)萼(e)筒近等(deng)長(chang)(chang)，長(chang)(chang)2-3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)；花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡黃(huang)色(se)，徑2.5-3厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，外面帶(dai)綠色(se)，被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)，裂片卵(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形，長(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬0.5-0.8厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，頂端鈍或稍尖，脈黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)，被(bei)毛(mao)；雄(xiong)蕊3，近離(li)生，1枚(mei)1室，2枚(mei)2室，花(hua)(hua)絲短，藥室折曲。雌花(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)萼(e)和(he)花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)與雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)同；子房卵(luan)形，長(chang)(chang)0.5-0.8厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬0.4厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)，密(mi)(mi)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)，花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)長(chang)(chang)4-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，柱(zhu)頭3，腎形。

果(guo)(guo)實(shi)大型，近于球形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing)，肉質，多汁，果(guo)(guo)皮光滑，色澤及紋飾各式(shi)。種(zhong)子多數(shu)，卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)，黑色、紅色，有時為白色、黃色、淡(dan)綠色或(huo)有斑(ban)紋，兩(liang)面平滑，基部鈍圓，通常邊緣稍(shao)拱(gong)起，長1-1.5厘(li)米(mi)，寬0.5-0.8厘(li)米(mi)，厚1-2毫米(mi)，花果(guo)(guo)期夏季。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang) 夏邑屬黃淮沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原，地(di)(di)勢由西(xi)(xi)(xi)北向東(dong)南微傾，地(di)(di)表平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)類沙質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，耕(geng)作層(ceng)深厚(hou)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)ph7.8，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)1.41%，全(quan)氮1.037克(ke)/千克(ke)，速效磷(lin)15.3毫(hao)克(ke)/千克(ke)，速效鉀131毫(hao)克(ke)/千克(ke)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)沃，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)通透性好(hao)兩(liang)合土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬和淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬共占土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)94%。無(wu)污染源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，病蟲(chong)害(hai)少(shao)，非常(chang)(chang)適合西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜生長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang) 夏邑縣(xian)屬淮河(he)流(liu)域，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐沛，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）總量(liang)為(wei)(wei)3.413億立方米(mi)。地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是主(zhu)要(yao)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，具有埋藏(zang)淺、增補快(kuai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)適宜(yi)、開采容易等特點。地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來自降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和入(ru)境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里以(yi)上流(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)虬(qiu)龍溝、巴清(qing)河(he)、沱河(he)、東(dong)沙河(he)等14條河(he)流(liu)自西(xi)(xi)(xi)向東(dong)橫穿全(quan)境，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)入(ru)境水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1億多立方米(mi)。根據調查分(fen)析，全(quan)縣(xian)大部分(fen)地(di)(di)區地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良好(hao)，淺層(ceng)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化(hua)(hua)度(du)(du)(du)小于2克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)和2－3克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)中等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)1033.8平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里和343.9平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里，占全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)93.5％。中層(ceng)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)(hua)度(du)(du)(du)2克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)，深層(ceng)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)(hua)度(du)(du)(du)小于1.5克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較好(hao)，一般PH值6－9，溶解氧5.6－12.5毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)，生化(hua)(hua)耗氧量(liang)1.4－4.7毫(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富含硒，地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達(da)到國家灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)標準。 2.3 氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)情(qing)況(kuang) 夏邑地(di)(di)處(chu)南北氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)過渡帶，屬暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)區，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.1攝氏度(du)(du)(du)。全(quan)年(nian)光照充足，冷暖(nuan)適中，四季分(fen)明，氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和，全(quan)年(nian)日照時數(shu)2258.4h。常(chang)(chang)年(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)為(wei)(wei)217d。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)785.2mm。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)14.6℃，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)27.3℃，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)0.4℃，設施栽培中西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜果(guo)實(shi)膨大期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)四、五月(yue)份(fen)外(wai)界最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)37.5℃。種植(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)(de)環境條件十分(fen)優越(yue)。

三.地域范圍

夏邑(yi)縣(xian)位于河(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)省東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)，隴海鐵路南(nan)(nan)(nan)側，東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)永城(cheng)市為鄰(lin)，西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)和北部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)虞(yu)城(cheng)縣(xian)接(jie)壤，西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)安徽(hui)亳州市交界(jie)，東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)安徽(hui)省碭山縣(xian)毗鄰(lin)。夏邑(yi)西(xi)瓜地(di)域范圍(wei)東(dong)端(duan)自火店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)周莊村(cun)，西(xi)端(duan)至郭店鎮張廠村(cun)；南(nan)(nan)(nan)端(duan)自岐(qi)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吳張莊村(cun)，北端(duan)至王集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)草場村(cun)。地(di)理坐標位于北緯34°04′07″至 34°21′20″，東(dong)經116°02′18″至116°25′25″，區(qu)域面積43581公頃(qing)，主要涉及王集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、郭莊農貿區(qu)、劉店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、太平鎮、火店鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、北嶺鎮、曹(cao)集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胡橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、孔莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、郭店鎮、會亭(ting)鎮、岐(qi)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，1個(ge)農貿區(qu)，11個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮，373個(ge)行政村(cun)。目前夏邑(yi)西(xi)瓜種(zhong)植面積9666.7公頃(qing)，總產55.5萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官特征：果(guo)形(xing)(xing)為球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)，發育正常，具有(you)本品(pin)種應有(you)的特征，不得有(you)畸形(xing)(xing)。果(guo)皮為淺綠色(se)(se)，并有(you)十幾條鋸(ju)齒狀墨綠色(se)(se)條紋，果(guo)皮光滑(hua)，茸毛消失，果(guo)皮無傷害。 4.2內在品(pin)質指標：瓤(rang)(rang)色(se)(se)為粉(fen)紅色(se)(se)，無白筋(jin)，無僵塊。果(guo)實成(cheng)熟，汁多味甘，肉質細嫩。單果(guo)重4～8kg，含可溶性固形(xing)(xing)物瓜瓤(rang)(rang)中心≥12.4%；瓜瓤(rang)(rang)邊緣(yuan)≥11.2%；可滴定酸0.72g/kg；抗壞血酸8.44mg/kg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取適合(he)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)與(yu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)特點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結(jie)構。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四膜(mo)(mo)多(duo)層覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)30-50米(mi)、寬6米(mi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)2.0米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹桿或鋼(gang)管結(jie)構拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株。該(gai)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)透(tou)(tou)光(guang)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快(kuai)，抗風(feng)雪災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)能(neng)力(li)(li)較強(qiang)，投(tou)入成(cheng)(cheng)本較低(di)，建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪(nuo)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，且能(neng)達(da)到(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效果(guo)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)（骨(gu)架、塑(su)料膜(mo)(mo)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)）投(tou)入3500元(yuan)(yuan)左右(you)(you)(you)(you)，但年(nian)(nian)純畝收(shou)(shou)入達(da)6000多(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)，利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年(nian)(nian)。 3.2 為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特點(dian)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)自根(gen)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)。夏(xia)邑(yi)縣設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍(bian)(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自根(gen)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)，與(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)相比(bi)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顯著縮短定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)提早(zao)(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)市(shi)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留了(le)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)口感(gan)風(feng)味，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)場具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較強(qiang)競爭力(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般年(nian)(nian)份比(bi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場售(shou)(shou)價(jia)每(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)(gong)斤高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)0.5-0.6元(yuan)(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相同(tong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)(cheng)本比(bi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減少(shao)(shao)70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.3 設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)解(jie)決重(zhong)(zhong)茬(cha)問題。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍(bian)(bian)推(tui)廣了(le)連(lian)續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)2年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬家更(geng)換地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配合(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物菌有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，既減少(shao)(shao)了(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，又減輕(qing)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)現優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，外地(di)(di)(di)多(duo)數(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區均(jun)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克(ke)服(fu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)枯(ku)(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)難題。夏(xia)邑(yi)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)，不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)重(zhong)(zhong)視選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，而(er)且集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對比(bi)試驗(yan)，篩選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)適合(he)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)狀表現較好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口感(gan)好(hao)，果(guo)皮薄(bo)，纖維(wei)少(shao)(shao)，果(guo)肉酥脆(cui)，甜度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，果(guo)型美(mei)觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色(se)鮮(xian)亮。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面積90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦、排灌(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)符合(he)NY/T 5010-2016無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)，3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)未種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)建(jian)(jian)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)(yao)符合(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)(nong)田灌(guan)(guan)(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體跨度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6m，長(chang)(chang)30-40m，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)立柱鋼(gang)架，堅固(gu)耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，安卸(xie)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，遮(zhe)(zhe)陰少(shao)(shao)，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)管理(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積1.5-2hm2，早(zao)(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，秋(qiu)茬(cha)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒。2年(nian)(nian)更(geng)換一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)，結(jie)合(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)效解(jie)決連(lian)作(zuo)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)茬(cha)障(zhang)(zhang)礙，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)少(shao)(shao),利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取“自根(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)“換根(gen)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)口感(gan)風(feng)味。 3.4.3 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1個(ge)月(yue)結(jie)合(he)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐熟(shu)糞肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg，或商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物有(you)(you)(you)機菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100Kg，三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)（15-15-15）硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50Kg-75Kg，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料與(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤混(hun)勻(yun)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)蓋棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)，利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤貯溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)留一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)淺溝作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)人行(xing)(xing)道，把(ba)畦(qi)(qi)面分(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)，各(ge)寬2.5m-3m。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)噴(pen)(pen)灑異丙甲草胺封閉型除(chu)(chu)草劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)除(chu)(chu)雜草。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距(ju)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩(liang)邊60cm-70cm處(chu)各(ge)鋪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，加(jia)(jia)蓋兩(liang)幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)把(ba)畦(qi)(qi)面全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋，利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑和提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。適宜育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)1月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般分(fen)2-3批進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)月(yue)5-10日，間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分(fen)別(bie)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)二、三(san)批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。 3.4.4.2 育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)管理(li)(li)、運苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)(qi)寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.3m左右(you)(you)(you)(you)，長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi)大(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短4-6m。畦(qi)(qi)面低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm，鋪一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層舊塑(su)膜(mo)(mo)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)線,每(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床需(xu)要(yao)(yao)電(dian)功率(lv)100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)熱(re)(re)線，布(bu)線間(jian)(jian)距(ju)8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)稀些，兩(liang)邊稍密，注(zhu)意(yi)電(dian)熱(re)(re)線不(bu)(bu)得剪(jian)斷，布(bu)線時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)交叉、不(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)疊，具(ju)體使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法見說明(ming)(ming)書。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴盤(pan)+基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具(ju)，穴盤(pan)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)(wei)54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)盤(pan)50穴。把(ba)裝入基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穴盤(pan)整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)排放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)(re)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，加(jia)(jia)設2-3層小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)，小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)邊夜(ye)(ye)里蓋1-2層毛氈。 3.4.4.3 浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)。先將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)浸(jin)入55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)斷攪拌至水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)(jiang)到(dao)(dao)30℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)此溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)再浸(jin)泡12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓洗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，瀝干水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)毛巾包好(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-30℃條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)催(cui)(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)，約24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑出(chu)露白(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，未露白(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)繼續催(cui)(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)。 3.4.4.4 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)透(tou)(tou)育(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，把(ba)催(cui)(cui)(cui)出(chu)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2cm左右(you)(you)(you)(you)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)，播(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)(fu)(fu)蓋基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚(hou)，再蓋薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)、拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四周(zhou)封嚴(yan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)源加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)。特別(bie)提醒：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆毒(du)餌撒放(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床周(zhou)圍，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意(yi)人畜安全(quan)(quan)(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管理(li)(li)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)真葉展開(kai)(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)15-18℃，真葉生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)18-20℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)穴盤(pan)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮(chao)濕(shi)(shi)，如(ru)不(bu)(bu)缺(que)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。適當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)增加(jia)(jia)光(guang)照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)抗逆(ni)性(xing)，逐漸通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)22-25℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) 2月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內日平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)始定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，行(xing)(xing)距(ju)2.5m-3.0m，株距(ju)0.35m-0.40m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)600-650株。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透(tou)(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晴(qing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)9：00-15：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，沿(yan)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管附近按株距(ju)要(yao)(yao)求打孔，孔徑8cm-10cm，深(shen)6cm-8cm，輕(qing)輕(qing)將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從穴盤(pan)取出(chu)，并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)根(gen)坨完整(zheng)(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)孔內，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)封好(hao)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，沿(yan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)插高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)60cm，跨120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，扣上(shang)(shang)(shang)薄(bo)膜(mo)(mo)，并及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田間(jian)(jian)管理(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)管理(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)緩(huan)(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)，白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-35℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)13℃，10cm地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維(wei)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。緩(huan)(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，適當(dang)(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)，白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25-35℃，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)超(chao)過(guo)40℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左右(you)(you)(you)(you)，不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)12℃。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃。果(guo)實(shi)開(kai)(kai)始膨(peng)大(da)到(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，白(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，夜(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)15℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)晝夜(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)控(kong)(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、空氣(qi)相對濕(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)55-65%，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤相對含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%，開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)65%，膨(peng)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管理(li)(li) 推(tui)廣配方(fang)(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)力(li)(li)推(tui)廣測土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配方(fang)(fang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物菌劑技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、滴灌(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)溶(rong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、葉面噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)五項先進(jin)(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，改(gai)良土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)有(you)(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，優(you)(you)化(hua)根(gen)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取微(wei)噴(pen)(pen)管進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，即“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體化(hua)”節(jie)(jie)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，把(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)機結(jie)合(he)起(qi)來(lai)，使西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，減少(shao)(shao)裂(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)，減輕(qing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，緩(huan)(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)少(shao)(shao)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)根(gen)系下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)扎，緩(huan)(huan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)伸(shen)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)旺(wang)長(chang)(chang)。膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，第(di)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)實(shi)直(zhi)徑4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)實(shi)直(zhi)徑10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)停止(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ②追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)情況，葉面噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)0.3%磷酸(suan)二氫鉀溶(rong)液(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)率(lv)。坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結(jie)合(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，幼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞(ji)蛋大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，按每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)三(san)元(yuan)(yuan)素(su)(su)復合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg、硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀5kg，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)同(tong)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉面噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷酸(suan)二氫鉀溶(rong)液(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)(zheng)枝留瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)雙蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝法，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)，當(dang)(dang)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)20cm，從第(di)3-5節(jie)(jie)位(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)留1條健壯側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)，其余全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)去掉(diao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主(zhu)(zhu)、側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)(chu)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨(peng)大(da)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)再伸(shen)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)遮(zhe)(zhe)光(guang)原則決定(ding)(ding)(ding)摘(zhai)除(chu)(chu)。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)第(di)2-3朵(duo)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株留1個(ge)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，如(ru)未坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)住，可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)第(di)2朵(duo)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為(wei)(wei)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人工(gong)授粉(fen)或激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法。 ①人工(gong)授粉(fen)。開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)(xun)到(dao)(dao)4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)，正值低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節(jie)(jie)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)很少(shao)(shao)，必須人工(gong)授粉(fen)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)6：00-10：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段內，當(dang)(dang)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)和雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，從田間(jian)(jian)摘(zhai)取雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，去掉(diao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣，露出(chu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊，將花(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊對準(zhun)(zhun)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕(qing)輕(qing)均(jun)勻(yun)涂抹。 ②激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)較少(shao)(shao)，為(wei)(wei)促進(jin)(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)。方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)當(dang)(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)午7-10點(dian)或下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)午3-6點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)噴(pen)(pen)壺將藥液(ye)均(jun)勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)18℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75千(qian)克(ke)；18-24℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75-1千(qian)克(ke)。激素(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)重(zhong)(zhong)復或過(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)裂(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為(wei)(wei)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)判斷西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)附近明(ming)(ming)顯位(wei)置，擺(bai)放(fang)寫明(ming)(ming)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)牌子(zi)。 3.4.7 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠色(se)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)。堅持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和藥劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相結(jie)合(he)。普遍(bian)(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃板誘殺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物菌防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)菌治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌、煙霧(wu)劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，做到(dao)(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)相結(jie)合(he)，實(shi)現綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)(you)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)猝倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)；害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)(you)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨類、斜紋夜(ye)(ye)蛾。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)做好(hao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株雜草。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)田間(jian)(jian)管理(li)(li)，合(he)理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。推(tui)廣輪作(zuo)換茬(cha)，要(yao)(yao)求2年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)輪作(zuo)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)更(geng)換地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)，減少(shao)(shao)連(lian)作(zuo)障(zhang)(zhang)礙。二是(shi)物理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推(tui)廣黃板誘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，銀灰色(se)地(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)驅蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。三(san)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，優(you)(you)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。四是(shi)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。猝倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜霉威500倍(bei)液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。枯(ku)(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈2kg,細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混(hun)勻(yun)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴，發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈500倍(bei)液(ye)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)根(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)株灌(guan)(guan)(guan)藥液(ye)250ml。炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯醚甲環(huan)(huan)唑1500倍(bei)液(ye)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關鍵是(shi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，發(fa)(fa)現病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔除(chu)(chu)；蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)，紅(hong)蜘蛛螨類可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠(da)螨靈，斜紋夜(ye)(ye)蛾可(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安打,按要(yao)(yao)求倍(bei)數(shu)(shu)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.8 適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 早(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左右(you)(you)(you)(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)根(gen)據(ju)運輸(shu)遠(yuan)近距(ju)離確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)過(guo)早(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)晚，以(yi)(yi)(yi)免影響品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)帶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段果(guo)柄同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)，裝入專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙箱，利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮(xian)。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄(lu) 為(wei)(wei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)夏(xia)邑(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夏(xia)邑(yi)縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協(xie)會(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)并執行(xing)(xing)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列(lie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)規范(fan)，各(ge)企業(ye)(ye)要(yao)(yao)設專(zhuan)人做好(hao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)記(ji)錄(lu)：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤耕作(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥名稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥量(liang)(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉(cang)儲、銷售(shou)(shou)等(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)有(you)(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、人員有(you)(you)(you)責任、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)規程、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥有(you)(you)(you)臺賬、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有(you)(you)(you)記(ji)錄(lu)、售(shou)(shou)前(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)檢測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)、信息有(you)(you)(you)查(cha)詢“八有(you)(you)(you)”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)主(zhu)要(yao)采取紙(zhi)箱。用(yong)于產品(pin)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)的紙(zhi)箱應整潔、干燥、牢固、透氣、無(wu)污染、無(wu)異味(wei)、內(nei)(nei)壁無(wu)尖突物，紙(zhi)箱無(wu)潮濕、離層現象，包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)符合國家強制性標準(zhun)。產品(pin)有明確標簽，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)包(bao)(bao)括：產品(pin)名稱、商(shang)標、產品(pin)執行標準(zhun)、生產者和詳(xiang)細地址、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)日期，要(yao)求字跡清晰、完(wan)整、準(zhun)確。