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一.產品介紹

西瓜（學(xue)名(ming)：Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai）一年生蔓生藤(teng)本(ben)；莖、枝(zhi)粗(cu)壯，具(ju)明顯的棱。卷須(xu)較(jiao)粗(cu)壯，具(ju)短柔(rou)毛，葉(xie)柄粗(cu)，密(mi)被(bei)柔(rou)毛；葉(xie)片(pian)紙(zhi)質(zhi)，輪廓三角狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，帶白(bai)綠(lv)色(se)，兩面具(ju)短硬毛，葉(xie)片(pian)基(ji)部心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。雌(ci)(ci)雄同株。雌(ci)(ci)、雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)均單生于(yu)葉(xie)腋。雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長3-4厘米，密(mi)被(bei)黃褐色(se)長柔(rou)毛；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼筒寬鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡黃色(se)；雄蕊近離生，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲短，藥(yao)室(shi)折曲。雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)：花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼和花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠與雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)同；子(zi)房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，柱頭腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)。果(guo)實大(da)型，近于(yu)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，肉質(zhi)，多汁，果(guo)皮光滑，色(se)澤及(ji)紋飾各式。種子(zi)多數，卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)，黑色(se)、紅色(se)，兩面平(ping)滑，基(ji)部鈍圓(yuan)，通常(chang)邊(bian)緣稍拱起，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)期夏(xia)季。

中(zhong)國各(ge)地栽培(pei)，品種(zhong)(zhong)甚(shen)多，外(wai)果(guo)皮、果(guo)肉(rou)及種(zhong)(zhong)子形式(shi)多樣(yang)，以(yi)新疆、甘肅(su)蘭州、山東德州、江蘇東臺等地最(zui)為有名。其原(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)可能來自非洲(zhou)，久已廣泛(fan)栽培(pei)于(yu)世(shi)界熱帶到溫帶，金(jin)、元時始傳入中(zhong)國。

西(xi)瓜為夏季之水果(guo)，果(guo)肉(rou)味(wei)甜，能降溫(wen)去暑；種子含油(you)，可作(zuo)消(xiao)遣食品；果(guo)皮藥用(yong)，有清熱(re)、利尿、降血壓之效。

形態特征

一年(nian)生蔓(man)生藤(teng)本；莖、枝粗壯，具(ju)明顯的(de)棱溝(gou)，被(bei)長而密的(de)白(bai)色(se)或淡黃(huang)褐色(se)長柔毛(mao)。卷須較(jiao)粗壯，具(ju)短(duan)柔毛(mao)，2歧，葉(xie)柄粗，長3-12厘米，粗0.2-0.4厘米，具(ju)不明顯的(de)溝(gou)紋，密被(bei)柔毛(mao)；葉(xie)片紙質，輪廓(kuo)三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)，帶白(bai)綠色(se)，長8-20厘米，寬(kuan)5-15厘米，兩(liang)面具(ju)短(duan)硬毛(mao)，脈上和(he)背面較(jiao)多，3深裂(lie)，中裂(lie)片較(jiao)長，倒卵形(xing)、長圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)或披(pi)針形(xing)，頂端急(ji)尖(jian)或漸(jian)尖(jian)，裂(lie)片又羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或二(er)重羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)淺(qian)裂(lie)或深裂(lie)，邊緣波狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)或有(you)疏(shu)齒(chi)，末次裂(lie)片通常(chang)有(you)少數(shu)淺(qian)鋸(ju)齒(chi)，先端鈍(dun)圓，葉(xie)片基部(bu)心形(xing)，有(you)時形(xing)成半圓形(xing)的(de)彎(wan)缺，彎(wan)缺寬(kuan)1-2厘米，深0.5-0.8厘米。

雌雄(xiong)同(tong)株。雌、雄(xiong)花(hua)均單生(sheng)于葉腋。雄(xiong)花(hua)：花(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4厘米(mi)，密被(bei)黃褐色長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)；花(hua)萼筒寬(kuan)鐘形(xing)，密被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)，花(hua)萼裂片狹披針形(xing)，與(yu)花(hua)萼筒近(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3毫米(mi)；花(hua)冠淡黃色，徑(jing)2.5-3厘米(mi)，外面帶綠色，被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)，裂片卵(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)0.5-0.8厘米(mi)，頂端鈍或稍尖，脈(mo)黃褐色，被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)；雄(xiong)蕊(rui)3，近(jin)離生(sheng)，1枚1室(shi)(shi)，2枚2室(shi)(shi)，花(hua)絲短，藥室(shi)(shi)折曲。雌花(hua)：花(hua)萼和花(hua)冠與(yu)雄(xiong)花(hua)同(tong)；子房卵(luan)形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-0.8厘米(mi)，寬(kuan)0.4厘米(mi)，密被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)，花(hua)柱長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-5毫米(mi)，柱頭3，腎形(xing)。

果實大型，近于(yu)球形(xing)或橢圓形(xing)，肉質，多汁，果皮(pi)光滑，色(se)澤(ze)及(ji)紋飾(shi)各式(shi)。種子多數，卵形(xing)，黑色(se)、紅色(se)，有時為白色(se)、黃色(se)、淡綠(lv)色(se)或有斑紋，兩面平滑，基(ji)部鈍圓，通常(chang)邊緣稍(shao)拱起，長1-1.5厘米，寬(kuan)0.5-0.8厘米，厚1-2毫米，花果期夏季。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

2.1 土壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)屬(shu)黃淮(huai)沖積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由西(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)東南微傾，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)坦。土壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)潮土類沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土，耕(geng)作層(ceng)(ceng)深厚，土壤(rang)ph7.8，土壤(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)1.41%，全(quan)氮(dan)1.037克(ke)/千克(ke)，速(su)(su)效(xiao)磷15.3毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/千克(ke)，速(su)(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)131毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/千克(ke)。土地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)肥沃，土壤(rang)通透性好(hao)兩合(he)土屬(shu)和(he)(he)淤(yu)土屬(shu)共(gong)占土壤(rang)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)94%。無污染源(yuan)，病蟲害少(shao)，非常適(shi)合(he)西(xi)瓜生長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)縣(xian)屬(shu)淮(huai)河(he)流域，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)沛，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)（地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)與地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.413億立方米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是主要供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)來(lai)源(yuan)，具(ju)有(you)埋(mai)藏淺(qian)、增(zeng)補快(kuai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)適(shi)宜、開采容易等(deng)特點。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)來(lai)自(zi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)入(ru)境(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。百平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里以(yi)上流域面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)虬龍溝、巴清河(he)、沱(tuo)河(he)、東沙河(he)等(deng)14條河(he)流自(zi)西(xi)向(xiang)東橫穿(chuan)全(quan)境(jing)(jing)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)入(ru)境(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1億多立方米。根(gen)據調查分(fen)(fen)析，全(quan)縣(xian)大部分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)，淺(qian)層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)小(xiao)于(yu)2克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)和(he)(he)2－3克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1033.8平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里和(he)(he)343.9平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里，占全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)93.5％。中(zhong)層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)大部分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)2克(ke)/升(sheng)，深層(ceng)(ceng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)全(quan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)化(hua)度(du)小(xiao)于(yu)1.5克(ke)/升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)較好(hao)，一般PH值(zhi)6－9，溶解氧(yang)5.6－12.5毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，生化(hua)耗氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)1.4－4.7毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)/升(sheng)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)富含硒，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)達到國家灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)標準(zhun)。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang) 夏(xia)邑(yi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)南北(bei)(bei)氣(qi)(qi)候過渡(du)帶，屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.1攝氏(shi)度(du)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)光照充足，冷暖(nuan)適(shi)中(zhong)，四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明(ming)，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)(he)，全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日照時數2258.4h。常年(nian)(nian)(nian)無霜期(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)217d。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)785.2mm。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)14.6℃，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)27.3℃，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)0.4℃，設施栽培中(zhong)西(xi)瓜果(guo)實膨大期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)四、五月(yue)份外(wai)界最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)37.5℃。種植西(xi)瓜的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)(jing)條件十分(fen)(fen)優越。

三.地域范圍

夏邑(yi)縣(xian)位于河南省東部(bu)(bu)(bu)，隴海鐵路(lu)南側(ce)，東部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)南部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)永城(cheng)(cheng)市為鄰，西部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)北部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)虞城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)接(jie)壤，西南部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)安徽亳州市交界，東北部(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)安徽省碭山縣(xian)毗鄰。夏邑(yi)西瓜地(di)域范圍東端自(zi)(zi)火(huo)店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)周莊村(cun)(cun)，西端至(zhi)郭(guo)店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)張廠村(cun)(cun)；南端自(zi)(zi)岐河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吳(wu)張莊村(cun)(cun)，北端至(zhi)王集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)草(cao)場村(cun)(cun)。地(di)理(li)坐標位于北緯34°04′07″至(zhi) 34°21′20″，東經(jing)116°02′18″至(zhi)116°25′25″，區域面積43581公頃，主(zhu)要涉及王集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、郭(guo)莊農貿(mao)區、劉(liu)店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、太平鎮(zhen)、火(huo)店(dian)(dian)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、北嶺鎮(zhen)、曹集(ji)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、胡橋鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、孔莊鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、郭(guo)店(dian)(dian)鎮(zhen)、會亭鎮(zhen)、岐河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，1個農貿(mao)區，11個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，373個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)。目(mu)前夏邑(yi)西瓜種植面積9666.7公頃，總產55.5萬噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

4.1外在感官特征(zheng)：果(guo)(guo)形為(wei)球形，發(fa)育正常(chang)，具有(you)(you)本(ben)品(pin)種應有(you)(you)的(de)特征(zheng)，不得有(you)(you)畸形。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)為(wei)淺綠色(se)，并(bing)有(you)(you)十幾條鋸齒狀墨(mo)綠色(se)條紋，果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)光滑(hua)，茸(rong)毛消(xiao)失，果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)無傷害(hai)。 4.2內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標：瓤色(se)為(wei)粉紅色(se)，無白筋，無僵塊。果(guo)(guo)實成熟，汁多味甘(gan)，肉質(zhi)細嫩。單果(guo)(guo)重4～8kg，含可溶性固形物瓜瓤中(zhong)心≥12.4%；瓜瓤邊緣≥11.2%；可滴定酸0.72g/kg；抗壞血酸8.44mg/kg。

五.特定生產方式

3.1 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境與栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)特點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)結(jie)構。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四膜(mo)(mo)多(duo)層(ceng)覆(fu)蓋(gai)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)長(chang)(chang)30-50米、寬(kuan)6米、高(gao)(gao)(gao)2.0米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)竹桿或鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)結(jie)構拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)630-650株(zhu)。該(gai)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)具有透光率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，升(sheng)(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快，抗(kang)風(feng)(feng)雪災害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)能力(li)(li)較(jiao)強，投(tou)入成(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)(di)(di)，建棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)挪棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)操作(zuo)方(fang)便(bian)(bian)，且(qie)能達(da)到(dao)(dao)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)“立春”定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)、4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬上(shang)(shang)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)建棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)（骨架、塑(su)(su)料膜(mo)(mo)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)）投(tou)入3500元(yuan)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，但年(nian)(nian)純畝(mu)收(shou)(shou)入達(da)6000多(duo)元(yuan)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)周(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)2-3年(nian)(nian)。 3.2 為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特點(dian)(dian)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)了(le)(le)自根(gen)(gen)(gen)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)。夏(xia)邑(yi)縣設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自根(gen)(gen)(gen)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)，與采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)相(xiang)比(bi)，由(you)于(yu)顯著縮(suo)短(duan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，可(ke)(ke)提早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)上(shang)(shang)市(shi)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)了(le)(le)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固有口(kou)(kou)感風(feng)(feng)味，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)場具有較(jiao)強競爭力(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)年(nian)(nian)份比(bi)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場售價每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)公(gong)斤高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.5-0.6元(yuan)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)條件下(xia)(xia)，育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)本(ben)比(bi)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)70%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。 3.3 設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輪茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)解決(jue)(jue)重(zhong)茬(cha)問題。全(quan)(quan)縣設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)普遍(bian)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)了(le)(le)連(lian)續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)2年(nian)(nian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)搬家更(geng)換地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)菌有機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，既減(jian)(jian)少(shao)了(le)(le)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料、農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)，又減(jian)(jian)輕了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，利(li)于(yu)實(shi)現優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4 目前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)，外地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)多(duo)數(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區均(jun)(jun)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)克服設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)重(zhong)茬(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)由(you)于(yu)枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等(deng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)帶(dai)(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)死苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、減(jian)(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)等(deng)難題。夏(xia)邑(yi)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅重(zhong)視(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，而(er)且(qie)集成(cheng)先進(jin)(jin)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 3.4.1 品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)近幾年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對比(bi)試驗(yan)，篩選(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)且(qie)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)性(xing)狀表(biao)現較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)口(kou)(kou)感好(hao)(hao)，果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄，纖維少(shao)，果(guo)(guo)肉酥脆，甜度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，果(guo)(guo)型(xing)美觀、瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)色(se)鮮亮(liang)。目前(qian)，該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)面(mian)積90%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。 3.4.2 選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)建棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng) 選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)(ping)坦、排灌方(fang)便(bian)(bian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)(hou)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件符合(he)(he)(he)(he)NY/T 5010-2016無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件，3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)未(wei)(wei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)類(lei)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊建棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)GB5084-2005 農(nong)(nong)(nong)田灌溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)體跨度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)6m，長(chang)(chang)30-40m，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.8m。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)立柱鋼架，堅固耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，安(an)卸方(fang)便(bian)(bian)，遮陰(yin)少(shao)，便(bian)(bian)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積1.5-2hm2，早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)春種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，秋(qiu)茬(cha)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)辣椒。2年(nian)(nian)更(geng)換一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊，結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，可(ke)(ke)有效(xiao)解決(jue)(jue)連(lian)作(zuo)帶(dai)(dai)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)茬(cha)障(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)少(shao),利(li)于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)“自根(gen)(gen)(gen)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)，品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)(you)(you)于(yu)“換根(gen)(gen)(gen)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)”西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)固有口(kou)(kou)感風(feng)(feng)味。 3.4.3 整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)1個月(yue)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)整(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐熟(shu)糞(fen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2000Kg-3000Kg，或商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100Kg，三元(yuan)素（15-15-15）硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)50Kg-75Kg，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)混勻(yun)(yun)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加蓋(gai)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)，利(li)于(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)貯溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)淺(qian)溝(gou)作(zuo)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)，把(ba)畦(qi)面(mian)分(fen)成(cheng)兩部(bu)分(fen)，各(ge)(ge)寬(kuan)2.5m-3m。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)噴(pen)(pen)灑異丙甲草胺(an)封閉(bi)型(xing)除草劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)除雜(za)草。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距(ju)(ju)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)兩邊(bian)(bian)60cm-70cm處各(ge)(ge)鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條微噴(pen)(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，加蓋(gai)兩幅0.004mm-0.008mm厚(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)把(ba)畦(qi)面(mian)全(quan)(quan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)，利(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)墑和(he)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。 3.4.4 培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao) 3.4.4.1育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。適(shi)宜育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為1月(yue)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)分(fen)2-3批進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)月(yue)5-10日，間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)分(fen)別(bie)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)、三批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。 3.4.4.2 育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、運苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)便(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦(qi)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)1.3m左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi)大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)短(duan)4-6m。畦(qi)面(mian)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)平(ping)(ping)5cm-8cm，鋪(pu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)舊塑(su)(su)膜(mo)(mo)利(li)于(yu)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)鋪(pu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱線(xian),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)需要(yao)電功率(lv)(lv)100w,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1000w的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電熱線(xian)，布線(xian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)(ju)8-9cm,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)稀些(xie)，兩邊(bian)(bian)稍密，注(zhu)意(yi)電熱線(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得剪斷(duan)，布線(xian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)交叉、不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)疊(die)，具體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa)見說明書。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤+基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)器具，穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)為54cm *28cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盤50穴(xue)(xue)(xue)。把(ba)裝(zhuang)入基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤整(zheng)(zheng)齊(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)排放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)熱線(xian)上(shang)(shang)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)覆(fu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)，加設(she)(she)2-3層(ceng)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電加熱，小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)上(shang)(shang)邊(bian)(bian)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)里蓋(gai)1-2層(ceng)毛氈。 3.4.4.3 浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)。先將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)浸(jin)入55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)攪拌(ban)至(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)30℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)此(ci)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)再浸(jin)泡(pao)12小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)搓(cuo)洗種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，瀝(li)干水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕毛巾包好(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-30℃條件下(xia)(xia)催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)，約24小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)挑出(chu)(chu)(chu)露白(bai)(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，未(wei)(wei)露白(bai)(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)繼續催(cui)(cui)芽(ya)(ya)。 3.4.4.4 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)1天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)噴(pen)(pen)透育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，把(ba)催(cui)(cui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)平(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)，播后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)蓋(gai)基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1.5cm-2cm厚(hou)(hou)，再蓋(gai)薄膜(mo)(mo)、拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)等(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，四周(zhou)(zhou)封嚴(yan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，而(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電源加熱。特別(bie)提醒：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)-出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)鼠害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溴敵隆毒餌撒放(fang)(fang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)周(zhou)(zhou)圍，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)畜(chu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。 3.4.4.5 苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20-25℃。出(chu)(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)真葉(xie)(xie)展(zhan)開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)20-25℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)15-18℃，真葉(xie)(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)25-28℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)18-20℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤基(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潮(chao)濕，如(ru)不(bu)(bu)(bu)缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。適(shi)當(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盡量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加光照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)抗(kang)逆性(xing)，逐漸通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)22-25℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)13-15℃。 3.4.5 適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai) 2月(yue)中(zhong)旬，拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)日平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)外氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)于(yu)5℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)始(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙蔓(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝方(fang)式(shi)(shi)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)2.5m-3.0m，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)0.35m-0.40m，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667m2定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)600-650株(zhu)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)2-3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)給苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)(chuang)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)9：00-15：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，沿澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)附近按株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)要(yao)求打(da)孔，孔徑8cm-10cm，深(shen)6cm-8cm，輕輕將(jiang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)從穴(xue)(xue)(xue)盤取(qu)(qu)(qu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，并保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)坨完整(zheng)(zheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)孔內(nei)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)封好(hao)(hao)。全(quan)(quan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，沿定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)插高(gao)(gao)(gao)60cm，跨120cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)拱(gong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，扣上(shang)(shang)薄膜(mo)(mo)，并及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 3.4.6 田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 3.4.6.1溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)前(qian)5天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)為緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)28-35℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)13℃，10cm地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)維持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)到(dao)(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，適(shi)當(dang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25-35℃，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能超過(guo)(guo)(guo)40℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20℃左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)12℃。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)15℃。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)開(kai)始(shi)膨(peng)(peng)大(da)(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)，白(bai)(bai)(bai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30-35℃，夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)間(jian)(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)15℃，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)晝(zhou)夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差10-15℃。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、通(tong)(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、空(kong)氣相(xiang)對濕度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)55-65%，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)相(xiang)對含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)至(zhi)伸蔓(man)(man)期(qi)(qi)(qi)60%-70%，開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)65%，膨(peng)(peng)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)75%。 3.4.6.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)新技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)測土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)配(pei)方(fang)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)菌劑技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、滴灌方(fang)式(shi)(shi)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全(quan)(quan)溶肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)五項先進(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，改良土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)，優(you)(you)(you)(you)化根(gen)(gen)(gen)際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)環(huan)(huan)境，降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 目前(qian)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)微噴(pen)(pen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)膜(mo)(mo)下(xia)(xia)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，即“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)體化”節肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，把(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有機(ji)(ji)(ji)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)起來，使(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)根(gen)(gen)(gen)區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)持(chi)最佳(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)含(han)量(liang)(liang)，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)裂(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)率(lv)(lv)，減(jian)(jian)輕病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，達(da)到(dao)(dao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ①澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)少(shao)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，促(cu)進(jin)(jin)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系下(xia)(xia)扎，緩苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)伸蔓(man)(man)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)旺長(chang)(chang)。膨(peng)(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，第(di)(di)(di)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)直(zhi)徑4cm-5cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，第(di)(di)(di)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)直(zhi)徑10cm-15cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)停(ting)止(zhi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ②追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)秧生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)情況，葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)0.3%磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)(jia)溶液(ye)，以(yi)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)率(lv)(lv)。坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，幼瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)雞蛋大(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)膨(peng)(peng)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，按每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶三元(yuan)素復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg、硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)5kg，以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)同(tong)(tong)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.3%磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)(jia)溶液(ye)1-2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 ③整(zheng)(zheng)枝留(liu)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)主一(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)雙蔓(man)(man)整(zheng)(zheng)枝法(fa)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)主蔓(man)(man)，當(dang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)(dao)20cm，從第(di)(di)(di)3-5節位(wei)選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)1條健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)，其余(yu)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)去掉(diao)，以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)主、側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)膨(peng)(peng)大(da)(da)(da)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，頂部(bu)再伸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遮光原則(ze)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)摘除。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)主蔓(man)(man)第(di)(di)(di)2-3朵(duo)雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)留(liu)1個瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，如(ru)未(wei)(wei)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)住(zhu)，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)第(di)(di)(di)2朵(duo)雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 3.4.6.3坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)、選(xuan)(xuan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua) 為促(cu)進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，目前(qian)多(duo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉或激素處理(li)(li)(li)(li)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。 ①人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬到(dao)(dao)4月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬，正(zheng)值(zhi)低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)季節，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)很少(shao)，必須(xu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)6：00-10：00時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)段內(nei)，當(dang)雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，從田間(jian)(jian)(jian)摘取(qu)(qu)(qu)雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，去掉(diao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣，露出(chu)(chu)(chu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊，將(jiang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕊對準(zhun)雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱頭輕輕均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)涂抹。 ②激素處理(li)(li)(li)(li)。前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)于(yu)雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)較(jiao)少(shao)，為促(cu)進(jin)(jin)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激素處理(li)(li)(li)(li)。方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)當(dang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)午7-10點(dian)(dian)或下(xia)(xia)午3-6點(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)噴(pen)(pen)壺將(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)液(ye)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)(yun)噴(pen)(pen)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)胎(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)18℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75千(qian)克；18-24℃，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)5毫升(sheng)(sheng)兌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)0.75-1千(qian)克。激素處理(li)(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能重(zhong)復(fu)或過(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)，以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)裂(lie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)。 為準(zhun)確判斷(duan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)部(bu)位(wei)附近明顯位(wei)置，擺放(fang)(fang)寫明坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)牌(pai)子(zi)。 3.4.7 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)綠色(se)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)。堅持(chi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)藥(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。普遍(bian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃板(ban)誘殺、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)菌防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)菌治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菌、煙霧(wu)(wu)劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，做到(dao)(dao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)，實(shi)現綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。 主要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)有苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)猝(cu)(cu)倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭(tan)疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)和(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)；害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)有蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)、螨類(lei)、斜紋夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蛾(e)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)做好(hao)(hao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，培(pei)(pei)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)除病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)雜(za)草。加強田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)輪作(zuo)換茬(cha)，要(yao)求2年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輪作(zuo)，進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)換地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)連(lian)作(zuo)障(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)。二(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)黃板(ban)誘蟲(chong)(chong)，銀(yin)灰(hui)色(se)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)(mo)驅蟲(chong)(chong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。三是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，優(you)(you)(you)(you)化土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環(huan)(huan)境。四是(shi)(shi)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。猝(cu)(cu)倒(dao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)72.2%霜(shuang)霉威500倍液(ye)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。枯(ku)(ku)萎(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈(ling)2kg,細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)80kg混勻(yun)(yun)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)，發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多(duo)菌靈(ling)500倍液(ye)灌根(gen)(gen)(gen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)灌藥(yao)(yao)液(ye)250ml。炭(tan)疽(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蔓(man)(man)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%苯醚(mi)甲環(huan)(huan)唑1500倍液(ye)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關鍵(jian)是(shi)(shi)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)，發(fa)現病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔除；蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡蟲(chong)(chong)啉(lin)，紅蜘(zhi)蛛螨類(lei)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%噠(da)螨靈(ling)，斜紋夜(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蛾(e)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)15%安(an)打(da),按要(yao)求倍數(shu)噴(pen)(pen)霧(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.4.8 適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)佳(jia)(jia)(jia)（84-24）西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)成(cheng)熟(shu)，可(ke)(ke)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據運輸遠近距(ju)(ju)離(li)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)過(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)晚(wan)，以(yi)免(mian)影響品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)帶(dai)(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段果(guo)(guo)柄同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕拿(na)輕放(fang)(fang)，裝(zhuang)入專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙箱(xiang)，利(li)于(yu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)鮮。 3.4.9 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄 為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證夏(xia)邑(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整(zheng)(zheng)個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，夏(xia)邑(yi)縣西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)協會制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)并執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)范，各(ge)(ge)企業(ye)(ye)要(yao)設(she)(she)專人(ren)(ren)(ren)做好(hao)(hao)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄：生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)名稱、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉儲(chu)、銷售等(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)(qu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)有制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)有責任、技(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)有規(gui)程、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)有臺賬、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)有記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄、售前(qian)有檢(jian)測、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)有證明、信(xin)息(xi)有查詢(xun)“八有”質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證了(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)優(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

六.包裝標識相關規定

包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)采取(qu)紙(zhi)箱(xiang)(xiang)。用于產(chan)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)的紙(zhi)箱(xiang)(xiang)應整潔(jie)、干燥、牢固(gu)、透氣(qi)、無污染、無異味(wei)、內壁無尖(jian)突物，紙(zhi)箱(xiang)(xiang)無潮(chao)濕、離層現象，包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)符合國(guo)家強制(zhi)性標準(zhun)。產(chan)品(pin)有(you)明確(que)標簽，內容包(bao)(bao)(bao)括：產(chan)品(pin)名稱、商(shang)標、產(chan)品(pin)執行(xing)標準(zhun)、生產(chan)者(zhe)和詳細地址、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)日期，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)字跡(ji)清晰、完整、準(zhun)確(que)。