產地環境
鄰水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)是優(you)質(zhi)臍橙生產(chan)的(de)(de)適(shi)宜區(qu)域,被(bei)國(guo)家列(lie)為柑桔優(you)勢產(chan)區(qu),該縣(xian)(xian)地(di)理座標為北(bei)緯30°01′-30°33′,東(dong)(dong)經106°41′-107°18′,華(hua)鎣山(shan)(shan)(shan)、銅(tong)鑼山(shan)(shan)(shan)、明(ming)(ming)月山(shan)(shan)(shan)以8-15公(gong)里的(de)(de)間(jian)隔呈東(dong)(dong)北(bei)——西南(nan)走向縱(zong)貫全境(jing),御臨(lin)河、大洪河沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈走向略(lve)呈南(nan)北(bei)流向。幅員面積1,919.22k㎡。鄰水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)川東(dong)(dong)褶皺(zhou)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)嶺谷低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵區(qu),境(jing)內華(hua)鎣山(shan)(shan)(shan)、銅(tong)羅山(shan)(shan)(shan)、明(ming)(ming)月山(shan)(shan)(shan)三條山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈背斜平(ping)行(xing)(xing)排列(lie),形成“三山(shan)(shan)(shan)兩(liang)槽”的(de)(de)特殊地(di)貌,深丘、淺丘、臺地(di)、平(ping)壩(ba)兼(jian)而有之。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬(shu)亞熱(re)(re)帶濕潤季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming)(ming),冬暖春早,夏長秋(qiu)短,水(shui)熱(re)(re)兼(jian)優(you),氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,雨量充沛,土(tu)(tu)地(di)肥沃(wo),資源豐富(fu)(fu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要是紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu),礦物質(zhi)營養豐富(fu)(fu),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)肥沃(wo),富(fu)(fu)含果(guo)樹生長的(de)(de)多種微(wei)量元(yuan)素(su),得天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)地(di)理優(you)勢,孕育了遠(yuan)近聞名的(de)(de)鄰水(shui)臍橙。
主要品種
鄰水臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果實較(jiao)大(da),近圓形,端正(zheng)整齊,果皮橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)色(se)均(jun)勻,果皮中(zhong)(zhong)厚,較(jiao)易剝皮,果肉橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)色(se),脆嫩化渣(zha),多汁,富香氣,酸(suan)甜(tian)適中(zhong)(zhong),風(feng)味濃,無核,其可溶性固形物≥10.5%、總酸(suan)(g/100ml)≤0.9、固酸(suan)比≥11.5、可食率≥70%。鄰在第二(er)屆中(zhong)(zhong)國農(nong)業博覽會上,送展(zhan)的紐荷爾、奈(nai)維林娜、清家臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)金獎(jiang),大(da)山島臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、白柳新采臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)獲銀獎(jiang)。
紐荷爾臍橙
紐荷爾生長較旺,樹勢開張,樹冠扁圓形或圓頭形。樹梢短密,葉色深,結果(guo)(guo)比(bi)朋那臍(qi)橙和(he)羅伯遜臍(qi)橙稍晚。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)長橢圓(yuan)形或短橢圓(yuan)形,橙紅色(se),美觀(guan),單果(guo)(guo)重250~350克,重者達750克。果(guo)(guo)形指數多(duo)為(wei)1.1左右(you),從西班牙(ya)引(yin)(yin)進的(de)紐荷爾(er)(er)(2號)比(bi)從美國引(yin)(yin)進的(de)紐賀爾(er)(er)(2~8)果(guo)(guo)形略長,且成(cheng)熟期略早。果(guo)(guo)頂微凸,具(ju)臍(qi),多(duo)為(wei)閉臍(qi)。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)光滑,皮(pi)厚0.42~0.55厘(li)米,剝離難,具(ju)清香味(wei)。果(guo)(guo)肉細嫩而脆,化渣,汁多(duo),囊瓣9~13片,不甚整齊(qi),腎狀,稍難分離;汁胞橙黃色(se),排列整齊(qi),果(guo)(guo)汁甜酸適(shi)口,風(feng)味(wei)濃郁,富(fu)有(you)香氣(qi),品(pin)質(zhi)上等(deng)。可食率73%~75%,可溶性固(gu)(gu)形物≥12%,固(gu)(gu)酸比(bi)≥12.5。維生素C46.55~64.0毫克/100毫升(sheng)。紐荷爾(er)(er)一般于(yu)11月中下旬(xun)成(cheng)熟。三年始果(guo)(guo),四年后(hou)豐產穩產。
奈維林娜臍橙
奈維林娜臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)原產(chan)(chan)美國(guo),是華盛(sheng)頓臍(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)芽變品種,1979年(nian)從西班牙(ya)引進(jin)中(zhong)國(guo),四(si)川20世紀(ji)八十(shi)年(nian)代從國(guo)內引進(jin)試栽。特征特性(xing):樹(shu)勢中(zhong)等(deng),樹(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)較矮小(xiao)、緊湊(cou),萌(meng)芽抽(chou)枝力強,枝條粗、較短、密(mi)生(sheng)。果實(shi)倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)或橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),中(zhong)等(deng)大小(xiao),單果重170~300克(ke);果皮深(shen)橙(cheng)色(se)或橙(cheng)紅(hong)色(se),鮮艷,果面細(xi)、光滑(hua)、具光澤,果皮厚(hou)度(du)0.35~0.50厘米(mi),包著(zhu)緊,較易(yi)剝皮;果基較窄,常有短小(xiao)溝(gou)紋;果頂圓鈍(dun),臍(qi)(qi)小(xiao),多(duo)閉(bi)臍(qi)(qi)。果肉深(shen)橙(cheng)色(se),汁(zhi)胞細(xi)長(chang),直立著(zhu)生(sheng),果肉緊密(mi)、脆(cui)嫩、化渣、多(duo)汁(zhi)、無(wu)核;囊瓣腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),單果囊瓣數9~11瓣,中(zhong)心柱半充實(shi),易(yi)分瓣;可溶(rong)性(xing)固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物11%~13%,每100毫升果汁(zhi)含糖9~11克(ke)、酸(suan)0.5~1.0克(ke),維生(sheng)素C40~50毫克(ke);可食率(lv)70%以(yi)上,果汁(zhi)率(lv)50%以(yi)上。產(chan)(chan)量表現:豐產(chan)(chan)性(xing)和適應性(xing)強。7~8年(nian)進(jin)入盛(sheng)果期,畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)2000~2500公斤。適宜種植地區(qu)(qu):四(si)川省柑桔主產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)。
清家臍橙
原產日本愛媛(yuan)縣,華盛頓臍橙的芽變。1978年引入中國,四川、重(zhong)慶(qing)、福建、廣(guang)(guang)西、浙江等(deng)省(區(qu)、市)有栽培,已(yi)開始大(da)量推廣(guang)(guang)。主要性狀是:果(guo)(guo)大(da)質優、早熟豐產。樹(shu)勢(shi)中等(deng),葉片較(jiao)小(xiao),節間密。果(guo)(guo)實圓(yuan)球形(xing)或橢圓(yuan)形(xing),單(dan)果(guo)(guo)重(zhong)200克左(zuo)右(you),果(guo)(guo)面光滑,色深。品質上(shang)等(deng),風味與(yu)華臍相似,可(ke)食率78%,果(guo)(guo)汁率54%,可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物11%,含糖量8.5%~9.0%,含酸量0.70%~0.88%,維生素C43.5毫克/100毫升(sheng)果(guo)(guo)汁。果(guo)(guo)實11月中、下旬?成熟。
大山島臍橙
日系品種(zhong),樹冠半圓形,樹勢中等,開張(zhang),發枝(zhi)力強,適(shi)應廣(guang),產量高且較(jiao)穩定(ding),11月中下(xia)旬成熟。果實圓形,單果重200克(ke)左(zuo)右,果皮(pi)較(jiao)薄(bo),光滑,橙(cheng)黃(huang)色,果肉細(xi)嫩(nen),脆甜化渣、爽口、風味(wei)佳,有裂(lie)果現象。是品質(zhi)比較(jiao)優良的臍橙(cheng)品種(zhong)。
生產情況
鄰水縣(xian)(xian)是四川省柑桔(jie)優勢區域(yu)方案的(de)核心縣(xian)(xian),是農業(ye)部劃定的(de)長江上中游甜橙產(chan)業(ye)
帶組(zu)成(cheng)縣之(zhi)一(yi),實施重點扶持重點發(fa)展戰略。到2005年(nian),全(quan)縣優質臍橙(cheng)面積達到15萬畝,投(tou)產后盛果(guo)期年(nian)產量達到15萬噸。全(quan)縣建立了26個柑(gan)桔營銷(xiao)(xiao)協會,發(fa)展農(nong)民營銷(xiao)(xiao)隊伍(wu)。2010年(nian)鄰水(shui)縣臍橙(cheng)總產量將(jiang)達到10.5萬多(duo)(duo)噸,產值4.25億多(duo)(duo)元。外銷(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)都、重慶等大(da)城市。
在(zai)產(chan)業(ye)扶持(chi)方面,該縣投(tou)入一(yi)定的(de)(de)資金建(jian)設(she)苗圃,實行(xing)規模化(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua)、集約化(hua)、工廠化(hua)育(yu)苗。同時抓(zhua)好“兩帶”建(jian)設(she)。在(zai)210國道沿線和大洪河沿岸建(jian)起兩個萬(wan)畝優質臍(qi)(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)生產(chan)示范(fan)帶。在(zai)太和、柑子、袁市(shi)、石(shi)滓、石(shi)永等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮形成新的(de)(de)種植(zhi)園(yuan)區;在(zai)城(cheng)北、城(cheng)南(nan)鎮開發(fa)以(yi)柑桔(jie)(主要(yao)是臍(qi)(qi)(qi)橙(cheng))為主的(de)(de)休閑園(yuan)區;在(zai)觀音橋、牟(mou)家(jia)、幺灘、豐禾、興仁(ren)等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮建(jian)起無公害(hai)臍(qi)(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)綠(lv)色生產(chan)示范(fan)園(yuan)區。積極建(jian)設(she)果品(pin)批發(fa)市(shi)場,組(zu)織中介組(zu)織和運銷專業(ye)戶,形成銷售體系;建(jian)好商品(pin)化(hua)程度較高(gao)的(de)(de)產(chan)后處理系統;引進(jin)省內外、國內外先進(jin)科學技(ji)術,與科教單位建(jian)立良(liang)好的(de)(de)合作關系,為以(yi)臍(qi)(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)為主的(de)(de)柑桔(jie)發(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供可靠的(de)(de)技(ji)術保障體系;制(zhi)定鄰(lin)水臍(qi)(qi)(qi)橙(cheng)標(biao)準化(hua)生產(chan)規程和質量標(biao)準,常年對果園(yuan)的(de)(de)土壤、水源(yuan)、水質進(jin)行(xing)監控,按照無公害(hai)、標(biao)準化(hua)控制(zhi)生產(chan)的(de)(de)每一(yi)個環節,形成質量監測體系。
在(zai)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)該縣積極培育龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye),凸顯生產、加工(gong)、銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)輻射帶動作用,形成(cheng)縱(zong)聯(lian)(lian)千家萬(wan)戶(hu),橫聯(lian)(lian)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)市場的產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)運(yun)行(xing)體系。重點抓好柑桔開(kai)發(fa)公司(si)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),增(zeng)加投入,轉換機制(zhi),做大做強,力爭(zheng)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)為國家級農業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)化龍頭(tou)企業(ye)(ye)。突出(chu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)專業(ye)(ye)運(yun)銷(xiao)組織(zhi)、運(yun)銷(xiao)協(xie)會、運(yun)銷(xiao)經紀(ji)人等,暢通銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)渠道,推動支柱產業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。加強聯(lian)(lian)姻聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)。一(yi)方面選擇(ze)一(yi)些大中城市,開(kai)設窗口,擴(kuo)大影響,促進(jin)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou);另一(yi)方面與大型果業(ye)(ye)集團聯(lian)(lian)姻,擴(kuo)大銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)覆(fu)蓋面。同時(shi)實(shi)施網(wang)上(shang)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),多渠道并(bing)舉。
為(wei)擴大(da)(da)鄰水臍橙(cheng)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)外的知名度和影(ying)響力,該縣(xian)(xian)傾力打(da)造(zao)縣(xian)(xian)域臍橙(cheng)文(wen)化,著力建成“中(zhong)國(guo)臍橙(cheng)之鄉”。在(zai)縣(xian)(xian)城中(zhong)心(xin)建造(zao)世界最大(da)(da)的臍橙(cheng)雕塑,在(zai)廣(guang)場大(da)(da)街(jie)兩邊遍植臍橙(cheng)樹,開創(chuang)臍橙(cheng)一條街(jie),城內(nei)所(suo)有公共場所(suo)及設(she)(she)施(shi),全部設(she)(she)計為(wei)臍橙(cheng)圖案,或以臍橙(cheng)為(wei)主(zhu)的裝飾圖案,在(zai)每年的12月(yue),舉辦(ban)大(da)(da)型“臍橙(cheng)文(wen)化節”,邀請國(guo)內(nei)外商(shang)家和朋(peng)友參加,擴大(da)(da)招商(shang)引資,簽(qian)定銷售合(he)同,促進了臍橙(cheng)產業發(fa)展。
榮譽認證
鄰(lin)水(shui)臍(qi)橙曾多次(ci)榮獲(huo)(huo)(huo)省(sheng)優、部優、國(guo)(guo)(guo)優農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)。1995年在(zai)第(di)二屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)(hui)上獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)“三金兩(liang)銀”,1999、2001年在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)(hui)上兩(liang)度獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng),2002年“鄰(lin)水(shui)臍(qi)橙”被四(si)川省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳(ting)認證(zheng)為首(shou)批無公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),2004年和2005年繼續獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)“四(si)川·中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)西部農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)(hui)優質(zhi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao),2007年被省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳(ting)評為第(di)一批“四(si)川省(sheng)名(ming)(ming)牌(pai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao),2008年被中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)果(guo)品(pin)流通協會(hui)(hui)(hui)評為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)臍(qi)橙之鄉”。鄰(lin)水(shui)臍(qi)橙于2009年7月14日以農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部第(di)1236號(hao)(hao)公告發布(bu) 核準登記,依法(fa)實行保護,并獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志登記證(zheng)書》。