心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)因(yin)素引起的(de)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)：心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)因(yin)素是(shi)造成失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)的(de)主要原因(yin)。不(bu)(bu)僅心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)障礙的(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)常常伴有失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)，即使正常人在情緒困(kun)擾、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)有壓力時(shi)也(ye)會引起失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)。患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)抑郁、焦慮對(dui)健康過(guo)度的(de)關心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)慢(man)性失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)共同心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)特點。患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)往(wang)往(wang)對(dui)入睡(shui)時(shi)間估(gu)計(ji)過(guo)長，患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)睡(shui)眠(mian)(mian)時(shi)間又估(gu)計(ji)太(tai)短(duan)，這些患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)本身對(dui)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)有較(jiao)大的(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)理(li)壓力，常常是(shi)“越怕失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)越失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)”，不(bu)(bu)良暗(an)示往(wang)往(wang)是(shi)導致患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)直(zhi)到失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)眠(mian)(mian)經(jing)久不(bu)(bu)愈(yu)的(de)重要原因(yin)。

環境因素引起(qi)的失眠(mian)：睡(shui)(shui)眠(mian)環境的突然改變，如有聲音嘈雜、燈光(guang)太(tai)亮、濕度太(tai)大、床(chuang)鋪不舒服、房(fang)間太(tai)擁擠(ji)等都(dou)會影響睡(shui)(shui)眠(mian)。另外，患者睡(shui)(shui)前喝咖啡也會影響睡(shui)(shui)眠(mian)。

疾病與藥物因素引起的失眠(mian)(mian)：患者疼痛(tong)、呼吸(xi)困(kun)難、哮(xiao)喘、頻繁咳嗽、心(xin)悸、腓(fei)腸肌(ji)痙攣等都能影(ying)響睡(shui)眠(mian)(mian)。患者服用中樞興奮(fen)藥物，或長期服用鎮(zhen)靜安眠(mian)(mian)藥后(hou)突然停藥也會出現失眠(mian)(mian)。