【血液(ye)血管(guan)病(bing)】血液(ye)疾病(bing)有哪些血管(guan)病(bing)都有哪些

血液疾病有哪些

紅細胞疾病

缺鐵性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、巨幼細胞(bao)性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、再生障(zhang)礙性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、地中(zhong)海貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、自身(shen)免疫性(xing)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、藥物性(xing)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、陣(zhen)發(fa)性(xing)睡眠性(xing)血(xue)(xue)紅(hong)蛋白尿、急(ji)性(xing)失血(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、慢性(xing)病貧(pin)(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)色病等；

白細胞疾病

白(bai)細胞(bao)減少癥(zheng)、粒(li)細胞(bao)缺(que)乏癥(zheng)、嗜(shi)酸性(xing)(xing)(xing)粒(li)細胞(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)白(bai)血病(bing)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)白(bai)血病(bing)、骨髓增(zeng)生異常綜合癥(zheng)、惡(e)性(xing)(xing)(xing)淋巴瘤(liu)（霍奇(qi)(qi)金(jin)淋巴瘤(liu)、非霍奇(qi)(qi)金(jin)淋巴瘤(liu)）、傳染性(xing)(xing)(xing)單核(he)細胞(bao)增(zeng)多癥(zheng)、惡(e)性(xing)(xing)(xing)組織細胞(bao)病(bing)、多發(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)骨髓瘤(liu)等；

出血性疾病

單純性紫(zi)(zi)癜(dian)、過敏性紫(zi)(zi)癜(dian)、特發性血(xue)小板減少性紫(zi)(zi)癜(dian)、血(xue)栓性血(xue)小板減少性紫(zi)(zi)癜(dian)、血(xue)小板無力癥、血(xue)友病、獲得性凝血(xue)機制障礙性疾(ji)病等(deng)；

骨髓增生性疾病

真(zhen)性紅細(xi)胞增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)(fa)性血小(xiao)板增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)(fa)性骨髓纖維(wei)化(hua)癥等。

血液生成和功能

血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)是血(xue)(xue)管中流動(dong)著的(de)(de)(de)粘稠液(ye)(ye)體(ti)，分為(wei)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)分和(he)有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)分。液(ye)(ye)體(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)分指血(xue)(xue)漿（50～60%），有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)分指血(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)（40～50%）。從胎兒期開(kai)始就(jiu)開(kai)始生成(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)始的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)，出生后骨髓成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)唯(wei)一的(de)(de)(de)造血(xue)(xue)器官。血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)主(zhu)要(yao)指紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)、白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)、血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板(ban)以及(ji)各(ge)種免疫細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)。紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)主(zhu)要(yao)運輸(shu)氧和(he)二氧化碳，緩沖體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)酸堿平(ping)衡。白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)則是炎癥(zheng)反應的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一線的(de)(de)(de)衛士，聚集、游走到炎癥(zheng)部(bu)位進(jin)行吞噬作(zuo)用。而對(dui)于較大的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)菌、寄生蟲等則靠體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)單核－巨(ju)噬細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)系統來完成(cheng)(cheng)。血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)板(ban)參與人體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)凝、抗凝及(ji)纖溶的(de)(de)(de)過程。血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)中各(ge)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)各(ge)司其職，共同使血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)系統處(chu)于正常的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態。

檢查項目

血(xue)液病常用的檢查(cha)(cha)包括(kuo)：血(xue)常規、血(xue)細胞(bao)形態(tai)學(xue)檢查(cha)(cha)、白細胞(bao)分類、骨髓細胞(bao)分析、血(xue)細胞(bao)化(hua)學(xue)染(ran)色(se)、染(ran)色(se)體核(he)型(xing)檢查(cha)(cha)、免疫學(xue)檢查(cha)(cha)、骨髓病理(li)活檢、相關(guan)酶(mei)學(xue)檢查(cha)(cha)等等。

血液病治(zhi)(zhi)療一般分為(wei)西醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療與中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療，西醫(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療通常以(yi)激素、免疫(yi)劑及骨髓移(yi)植治(zhi)(zhi)療。中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥治(zhi)(zhi)療原則(ze)，一般以(yi)調(diao)節免疫(yi)為(wei)入手治(zhi)(zhi)療，國(guo)(guo)內著名血液病的治(zhi)(zhi)療醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有北(bei)京大學(xue)(xue)(xue)人民醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人民解放軍309醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)第一分院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)京血液凈化基(ji)地、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)天津血液病研究(jiu)所、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際生命醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)工程院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)附(fu)屬二院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)京華軍中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)血液病中(zhong)(zhong)心、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西苑醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等。

血管病都有哪些

血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)的(de)具體(ti)(ti)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)非常(chang)(chang)多，大體(ti)(ti)來(lai)說可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)功能性血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)因(yin)為炎(yan)癥刺激而(er)引起的(de)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)，或者是(shi)因(yin)為血(xue)管(guan)(guan)增生而(er)導致的(de)腫瘤疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)。目前(qian)來(lai)說，最為常(chang)(chang)見的(de)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)是(shi)動(dong)脈粥樣硬化，尤其是(shi)上了歲(sui)數(shu)的(de)人(ren)，更(geng)容易患有(you)此病(bing)。血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)常(chang)(chang)見，并且對(dui)身體(ti)(ti)危害(hai)大，下面來(lai)說，一下血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)的(de)大致種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)。血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)主要是(shi)按照病(bing)理(li)學改變以(yi)(yi)及所導致的(de)后果來(lai)進行分(fen)類(lei)(lei)的(de)，大致來(lai)說有(you)3個類(lei)(lei)別。

第(di)一(yi)：血管(guan)壁因病變喪失彈性，變得薄弱(ruo)，在(zai)長期承(cheng)受(shou)壓力作用下發生(sheng)擴(kuo)張，產生(sheng)血管(guan)瘤樣病變，甚至(zhi)造成破(po)裂而出血。

第二(er)：病變(bian)使(shi)管(guan)腔狹窄，繼而發生(sheng)受供器官或肢(zhi)體的(de)缺血(xue)以至壞死。

第三：病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內膜(mo)損傷后誘發血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)內凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形成(cheng)，繼而發生(sheng)器官或組織(zhi)缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);或栓子脫落后阻塞遠端管(guan)(guan)腔。當(dang)然血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)還可以按照病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因或者是病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)理(li)學來進行分類(lei)，這樣種類(lei)就較多。比如：退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)粥樣硬化(hua)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)中層硬化(hua)、小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)（透明變(bian)(bian)(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型(xing)小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)、增生(sheng)型(xing)小(xiao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)）。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)癥性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、梅毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、巨細胞(bao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓閉塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)管(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)、風濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)。功能性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。雷諾氏病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、手足(zu)發紺、紅斑肢痛癥等(deng)。先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘤、先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜(jing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘺(lou)、各類(lei)先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)腫瘤（毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤、海(hai)綿狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤、蔓狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)瘤）等(deng)等(deng)。其(qi)實在我們生(sheng)活(huo)當(dang)中，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較為常見的是發生(sheng)在冠(guan)狀(zhuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、頸部(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)以及腦部(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)，發病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之后容易導(dao)致心肌梗(geng)死、腦梗(geng)塞等(deng)。另(ling)外，由于感(gan)染導(dao)致的梅毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)，或者其(qi)它感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)也是較為常見的血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之一，由于抗生(sheng)素(su)的普遍應(ying)用(yong)，感(gan)染引(yin)起(qi)的血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例已經逐年下降。

【心腦血管疾病各季節保健】心腦血管疾病四季養生方法 心腦血管疾病四季保健