【血液血管病】血液疾病有哪(na)些(xie)血管病都有哪(na)些(xie)
血液疾病有哪些
紅細胞疾病
缺鐵(tie)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、巨幼(you)細胞性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、再生障礙性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、地中海貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、自身免疫(yi)性溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、藥物(wu)性溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、陣發性睡眠性血(xue)(xue)紅蛋白尿、急性失血(xue)(xue)性貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、慢性病(bing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)色病(bing)等;
白細胞疾病
白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)減(jian)少(shao)癥(zheng)、粒(li)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)缺乏(fa)癥(zheng)、嗜(shi)酸性(xing)粒(li)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增多癥(zheng)、急性(xing)白血(xue)病(bing)、慢性(xing)白血(xue)病(bing)、骨(gu)髓增生異常綜合癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu)(霍奇金(jin)(jin)淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu)、非霍奇金(jin)(jin)淋(lin)巴(ba)瘤(liu))、傳(chuan)染(ran)性(xing)單核細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增多癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)組(zu)織細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)病(bing)、多發性(xing)骨(gu)髓瘤(liu)等;
出血性疾病
單純性(xing)(xing)紫癜(dian)、過敏性(xing)(xing)紫癜(dian)、特發性(xing)(xing)血小板(ban)(ban)(ban)減少性(xing)(xing)紫癜(dian)、血栓性(xing)(xing)血小板(ban)(ban)(ban)減少性(xing)(xing)紫癜(dian)、血小板(ban)(ban)(ban)無(wu)力(li)癥、血友(you)病、獲得性(xing)(xing)凝血機制障(zhang)礙性(xing)(xing)疾病等(deng);
骨髓增生性疾病
真性(xing)紅細胞增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、原發性(xing)血小板增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、原發性(xing)骨髓纖維化癥(zheng)等。
血液生成和功能
血(xue)(xue)液是(shi)血(xue)(xue)管中流動著的(de)粘稠液體(ti)(ti),分(fen)(fen)為液體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)和有(you)(you)形成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)。液體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)指(zhi)血(xue)(xue)漿(50~60%),有(you)(you)形成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)指(zhi)血(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(40~50%)。從(cong)胎兒期開(kai)始就開(kai)始生(sheng)成(cheng)原始的(de)血(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),出生(sheng)后骨髓成(cheng)為唯一的(de)造血(xue)(xue)器(qi)官。血(xue)(xue)液細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)主(zhu)要指(zhi)紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)、血(xue)(xue)小板以及(ji)各種免(mian)疫細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)。紅細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)主(zhu)要運(yun)輸氧和二氧化(hua)碳,緩沖體(ti)(ti)內的(de)酸堿平衡。白細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)則是(shi)炎癥反(fan)應的(de)第一線的(de)衛士,聚集、游走(zou)到炎癥部位(wei)進行吞噬(shi)作用。而對于較大的(de)細(xi)(xi)(xi)菌、寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲等則靠(kao)體(ti)(ti)內的(de)單核-巨噬(shi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)系統(tong)來(lai)完成(cheng)。血(xue)(xue)小板參(can)與人體(ti)(ti)的(de)血(xue)(xue)凝、抗凝及(ji)纖溶的(de)過程。血(xue)(xue)液中各細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)各司其職,共同使血(xue)(xue)液系統(tong)處于正(zheng)常的(de)動態穩定的(de)狀態。
檢查項目
血(xue)液病(bing)(bing)常用的檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)包括:血(xue)常規(gui)、血(xue)細(xi)胞形態學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)、白(bai)細(xi)胞分類、骨髓(sui)細(xi)胞分析(xi)、血(xue)細(xi)胞化學染色、染色體核型檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)、免疫(yi)學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)、骨髓(sui)病(bing)(bing)理(li)活檢(jian)(jian)、相關酶學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)等等。
血液(ye)病(bing)(bing)治療一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)為西(xi)醫治療與中(zhong)(zhong)醫治療,西(xi)醫治療通常(chang)以(yi)(yi)激素、免(mian)疫劑(ji)及骨髓移植治療。中(zhong)(zhong)醫以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)治療原則,一(yi)(yi)般以(yi)(yi)調(diao)節免(mian)疫為入手治療,國(guo)內(nei)著名血液(ye)病(bing)(bing)的治療醫院(yuan)(yuan)有北京大學(xue)(xue)人民醫院(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人民解(jie)放(fang)軍309醫院(yuan)(yuan)第一(yi)(yi)分(fen)院(yuan)(yuan)北京血液(ye)凈化基地、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫學(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)天津血液(ye)病(bing)(bing)研究所、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際生命醫學(xue)(xue)工程院(yuan)(yuan)附屬二院(yuan)(yuan)北京華軍中(zhong)(zhong)醫院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)醫血液(ye)病(bing)(bing)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)醫科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)苑醫院(yuan)(yuan)等。
血管病都有哪些
血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)種(zhong)類(lei)非(fei)常(chang)多,大體(ti)來(lai)(lai)說可以有功能性(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing),也可以有因(yin)為炎癥刺激而引起(qi)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing),或(huo)者是(shi)因(yin)為血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)增(zeng)生而導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)腫(zhong)瘤疾(ji)病(bing)。目前(qian)來(lai)(lai)說,最為常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)是(shi)動脈粥樣硬化,尤其是(shi)上(shang)了(le)歲數的(de)(de)人,更(geng)容易患(huan)有此病(bing)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)常(chang)見(jian),并且對(dui)身體(ti)危害大,下面來(lai)(lai)說,一下血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)大致(zhi)種(zhong)類(lei)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)主要是(shi)按照病(bing)理學改變以及所導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)(de)后(hou)果來(lai)(lai)進行分類(lei)的(de)(de),大致(zhi)來(lai)(lai)說有3個(ge)類(lei)別(bie)。
第一:血管壁因病變喪失彈性,變得薄弱,在長期承受壓(ya)力作用下發(fa)生擴張,產(chan)生血管瘤樣病變,甚(shen)至(zhi)造成破裂而出血。
第二:病變使管腔狹窄,繼而發生受供(gong)器官(guan)或肢(zhi)體的缺血以至(zhi)壞死。
第三(san):病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)膜損(sun)傷后(hou)誘發(fa)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)凝(ning)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形成,繼而發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器官或(huo)組織缺(que)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);或(huo)栓子(zi)脫落(luo)后(hou)阻(zu)塞遠(yuan)端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔。當然(ran)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)還可(ke)以按照病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因或(huo)者(zhe)是病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)理學(xue)來進(jin)行分(fen)類(lei),這(zhe)樣種(zhong)類(lei)就較(jiao)多。比如(ru):退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。動(dong)脈(mo)粥樣硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)、動(dong)脈(mo)中層硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)、小(xiao)動(dong)脈(mo)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)(透明變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型小(xiao)動(dong)脈(mo)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua)、增生(sheng)(sheng)型小(xiao)動(dong)脈(mo)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)化(hua))。炎(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。感(gan)染(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、巨細(xi)胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓閉塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)(yan)、風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan)。功能性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。雷諾(nuo)氏病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、手足發(fa)紺、紅(hong)斑肢痛癥(zheng)等(deng)。先天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。先天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)瘤(liu)(liu)(liu)、先天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)靜(jing)脈(mo)瘺、各類(lei)先天(tian)(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腫瘤(liu)(liu)(liu)(毛細(xi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)(liu)、海綿狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)(liu)、蔓狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)(liu)(liu))等(deng)等(deng)。其(qi)實在我們生(sheng)(sheng)活當中,血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)較(jiao)為常見的(de)(de)是發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在冠狀(zhuang)動(dong)脈(mo)、頸部(bu)動(dong)脈(mo)以及腦部(bu)動(dong)脈(mo),發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之后(hou)容易(yi)導致心肌梗死(si)、腦梗塞等(deng)。另外,由于感(gan)染(ran)(ran)導致的(de)(de)梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan),或(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)它(ta)感(gan)染(ran)(ran)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)脈(mo)炎(yan)(yan)也是較(jiao)為常見的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之一,由于抗生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)的(de)(de)普遍應用,感(gan)染(ran)(ran)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)例已(yi)經逐年下(xia)降。