【血液血管病(bing)】血液疾病(bing)有哪(na)些血管病(bing)都(dou)有哪(na)些

血液疾病有哪些

紅細胞疾病

缺(que)鐵性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、巨幼細胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、再生障礙性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、地(di)中海(hai)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、自身免疫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥物性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、陣發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)睡眠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)紅蛋白(bai)尿、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)失血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)病貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色病等；

白細胞疾病

白細(xi)(xi)胞減少癥(zheng)、粒細(xi)(xi)胞缺乏癥(zheng)、嗜酸性(xing)粒細(xi)(xi)胞增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、急(ji)性(xing)白血(xue)病、慢性(xing)白血(xue)病、骨髓增(zeng)生異(yi)常綜合癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)淋巴瘤(liu)（霍奇金(jin)(jin)淋巴瘤(liu)、非(fei)霍奇金(jin)(jin)淋巴瘤(liu)）、傳染性(xing)單核細(xi)(xi)胞增(zeng)多(duo)癥(zheng)、惡性(xing)組(zu)織細(xi)(xi)胞病、多(duo)發性(xing)骨髓瘤(liu)等；

出血性疾病

單純性(xing)(xing)(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)、過(guo)敏性(xing)(xing)(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)、特發性(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)小(xiao)板減(jian)(jian)少性(xing)(xing)(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)、血(xue)栓性(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)小(xiao)板減(jian)(jian)少性(xing)(xing)(xing)紫(zi)癜(dian)、血(xue)小(xiao)板無力(li)癥、血(xue)友(you)病、獲得性(xing)(xing)(xing)凝血(xue)機制障礙性(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病等；

骨髓增生性疾病

真性(xing)(xing)紅細胞增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)性(xing)(xing)血小板增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)性(xing)(xing)骨髓纖(xian)維化癥等。

血液生成和功能

血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)是血(xue)(xue)(xue)管中流動(dong)著的(de)(de)粘稠液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)，分(fen)為液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)和有形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)。液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)漿（50～60%），有形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)（40～50%）。從胎兒(er)期(qi)開始(shi)就開始(shi)生成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原始(shi)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)，出生后骨(gu)髓成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為唯一的(de)(de)造血(xue)(xue)(xue)器官。血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)主要指紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)、白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板以及各種免(mian)疫細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)。紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)主要運輸氧和二(er)氧化碳(tan)，緩沖體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)酸堿平衡。白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)則(ze)是炎癥反應的(de)(de)第一線(xian)的(de)(de)衛士，聚集、游(you)走到炎癥部位進行吞噬作用。而對于較(jiao)大的(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)菌、寄生蟲等則(ze)靠體(ti)(ti)內的(de)(de)單核－巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)系(xi)統來完成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板參與人(ren)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)凝、抗凝及纖溶(rong)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)中各細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)各司其(qi)職(zhi)，共同(tong)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)系(xi)統處于正(zheng)常的(de)(de)動(dong)態穩定的(de)(de)狀態。

檢查項目

血(xue)液病(bing)常(chang)用的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)包括：血(xue)常(chang)規、血(xue)細(xi)胞形態學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、白細(xi)胞分類、骨髓細(xi)胞分析、血(xue)細(xi)胞化學(xue)(xue)染色(se)、染色(se)體(ti)核型檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、免(mian)疫學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、骨髓病(bing)理活檢(jian)(jian)、相關酶(mei)學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。

血(xue)(xue)液病治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)一般分(fen)為西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)與中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)，西(xi)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)通(tong)常以(yi)激素、免疫劑及骨髓移植治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)。中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)原則(ze)，一般以(yi)調節免疫為入(ru)手治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)，國(guo)(guo)內著名血(xue)(xue)液病的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有北(bei)(bei)京大學(xue)人(ren)民(min)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)解(jie)放(fang)軍309醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)第(di)一分(fen)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)京血(xue)(xue)液凈化基地、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)天(tian)津(jin)血(xue)(xue)液病研究所、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)生命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)工程院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)附(fu)屬二院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)京華軍中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)血(xue)(xue)液病中(zhong)心(xin)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)科學(xue)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)苑醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等。

血管病都有哪些

血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)具體(ti)種類(lei)非(fei)常多，大體(ti)來(lai)說(shuo)可以有功能性(xing)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，也可以有因為炎(yan)癥刺激(ji)而(er)引起的(de)(de)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)，或者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為血(xue)管(guan)(guan)增生而(er)導(dao)致的(de)(de)腫瘤疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)。目前來(lai)說(shuo)，最為常見的(de)(de)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)動脈(mo)粥樣硬化，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)上了歲數的(de)(de)人(ren)，更(geng)容易(yi)患有此病(bing)(bing)(bing)。血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)常見，并且對身體(ti)危害大，下(xia)(xia)面來(lai)說(shuo)，一下(xia)(xia)血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)大致種類(lei)。血(xue)管(guan)(guan)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)按照病(bing)(bing)(bing)理學(xue)改變以及所(suo)導(dao)致的(de)(de)后(hou)果來(lai)進行分(fen)類(lei)的(de)(de)，大致來(lai)說(shuo)有3個(ge)類(lei)別。

第一：血管壁(bi)因(yin)病變喪失彈性，變得薄弱(ruo)，在長期承(cheng)受壓力(li)作用下發(fa)生擴張，產生血管瘤樣病變，甚至(zhi)造成(cheng)破(po)裂而出血。

第二：病(bing)變使管腔狹窄，繼而發生受供器官或肢體(ti)的(de)缺血以至(zhi)壞(huai)死。

第三：病(bing)變使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)膜損傷(shang)后(hou)誘(you)發(fa)(fa)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)凝(ning)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓(shuan)(shuan)形成，繼而發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器官或(huo)組織(zhi)缺血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);或(huo)栓(shuan)(shuan)子脫(tuo)落后(hou)阻(zu)塞(sai)遠端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔。當然血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)還可以(yi)按照(zhao)病(bing)因或(huo)者是(shi)病(bing)理學(xue)來(lai)進行分(fen)類，這樣(yang)種類就較(jiao)多。比如：退(tui)行性(xing)(xing)變性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)粥(zhou)樣(yang)硬化(hua)(hua)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)中層(ceng)硬化(hua)(hua)、小動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)(hua)（透明變性(xing)(xing)型小動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)(hua)、增生(sheng)(sheng)型小動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)(hua)）。炎(yan)癥性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、巨細胞性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓(shuan)(shuan)閉塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)、風(feng)濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)。功能(neng)性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。雷(lei)諾氏病(bing)、手足發(fa)(fa)紺、紅斑肢痛癥等。先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘤、先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)靜脈(mo)(mo)(mo)瘺、各(ge)類先(xian)天性(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腫(zhong)瘤（毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤、海綿狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤、蔓狀(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤）等等。其實在我們生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)當中，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)較(jiao)為(wei)常見的(de)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)在冠狀(zhuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)、頸(jing)部(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)以(yi)及腦部(bu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)，發(fa)(fa)病(bing)之(zhi)后(hou)容易導致心(xin)肌梗死、腦梗塞(sai)等。另外，由于感(gan)染導致的(de)梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)，或(huo)者其它感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)炎(yan)也是(shi)較(jiao)為(wei)常見的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)之(zhi)一，由于抗生(sheng)(sheng)素的(de)普遍應用，感(gan)染引起的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)病(bing)例已(yi)經逐年下降。

【心腦血管疾病各季節保健】心腦血管疾病四季養生方法 心腦血管疾病四季保健