【血(xue)液(ye)血(xue)管病(bing)】血(xue)液(ye)疾病(bing)有哪些血(xue)管病(bing)都有哪些

血液疾病有哪些

紅細胞疾病

缺鐵性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、巨(ju)幼細(xi)胞性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、再生障礙性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、地中(zhong)海(hai)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、自身免(mian)疫性(xing)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、藥物性(xing)溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、陣(zhen)發性(xing)睡眠性(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)紅蛋白尿、急性(xing)失(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、慢(man)性(xing)病(bing)貧(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)色病(bing)等；

白細胞疾病

白(bai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)減少癥、粒(li)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)缺乏(fa)癥、嗜酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)粒(li)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)白(bai)血病、慢性(xing)(xing)白(bai)血病、骨髓(sui)增(zeng)生異常綜(zong)合癥、惡性(xing)(xing)淋巴瘤（霍奇(qi)金淋巴瘤、非霍奇(qi)金淋巴瘤）、傳染(ran)性(xing)(xing)單核細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)增(zeng)多癥、惡性(xing)(xing)組織細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)病、多發性(xing)(xing)骨髓(sui)瘤等；

出血性疾病

單純性(xing)紫癜(dian)、過敏性(xing)紫癜(dian)、特發性(xing)血小(xiao)(xiao)板減少性(xing)紫癜(dian)、血栓性(xing)血小(xiao)(xiao)板減少性(xing)紫癜(dian)、血小(xiao)(xiao)板無力癥、血友病(bing)、獲得(de)性(xing)凝血機制障礙性(xing)疾病(bing)等；

骨髓增生性疾病

真性(xing)紅細胞增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)性(xing)血小板增多(duo)癥、原發(fa)性(xing)骨髓纖維化(hua)癥等。

血液生成和功能

血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)是血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管中(zhong)流(liu)動(dong)著的(de)(de)(de)粘稠(chou)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)，分(fen)為(wei)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)和(he)有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)。液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿（50～60%），有形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)指血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)（40～50%）。從胎兒(er)期開始就開始生(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原始的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，出(chu)生(sheng)后骨(gu)髓(sui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)唯一的(de)(de)(de)造血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)器官(guan)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)主要(yao)指紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小板以(yi)及(ji)各種免(mian)疫細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。紅(hong)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)主要(yao)運(yun)輸氧(yang)和(he)二氧(yang)化碳，緩沖體(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)酸堿平衡。白細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)則是炎癥反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一線的(de)(de)(de)衛士，聚(ju)集、游走到炎癥部(bu)位進行吞(tun)噬作(zuo)用(yong)。而對于較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)(xi)菌、寄(ji)生(sheng)蟲等則靠體(ti)(ti)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)單核－巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)系(xi)(xi)統來完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)小板參與人(ren)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)凝、抗凝及(ji)纖溶的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程。血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)各細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)各司其職，共同使(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)系(xi)(xi)統處于正常的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)態穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)狀態。

檢查項目

血(xue)液病(bing)常(chang)用的檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)包括：血(xue)常(chang)規、血(xue)細胞形態學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、白細胞分(fen)類、骨髓(sui)細胞分(fen)析、血(xue)細胞化學染色、染色體核型檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、免疫學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)、骨髓(sui)病(bing)理(li)活檢(jian)(jian)、相關酶學檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)等等。

血(xue)液病治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)一般(ban)分為西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)，西醫(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)通(tong)常以激素、免疫劑及骨(gu)髓移植治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)原則，一般(ban)以調(diao)節免疫為入手治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)，國(guo)內(nei)著名血(xue)液病的治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)有(you)北京大學(xue)人(ren)民醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)民解放(fang)軍(jun)309醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)第一分院(yuan)北京血(xue)液凈(jing)化(hua)基地、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)科學(xue)院(yuan)天津(jin)血(xue)液病研(yan)究所、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)際生(sheng)命(ming)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)工程院(yuan)附屬二院(yuan)北京華軍(jun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)血(xue)液病中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)科學(xue)院(yuan)西苑醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)等。

血管病都有哪些

血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)的(de)具體(ti)種類(lei)(lei)非常(chang)多，大體(ti)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)可(ke)以(yi)有功(gong)能性(xing)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)，也可(ke)以(yi)有因為炎癥刺激而(er)引起的(de)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)，或(huo)者是因為血(xue)(xue)管(guan)增生而(er)導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)腫瘤疾病(bing)。目前來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，最為常(chang)見(jian)(jian)的(de)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)是動脈粥樣(yang)硬化，尤其(qi)是上了歲(sui)數的(de)人，更容易(yi)患(huan)有此(ci)病(bing)。血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)常(chang)見(jian)(jian)，并且對身體(ti)危害大，下面來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，一下血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)的(de)大致(zhi)種類(lei)(lei)。血(xue)(xue)管(guan)疾病(bing)主要是按照(zhao)病(bing)理學改變以(yi)及所導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)后果來(lai)(lai)進行分類(lei)(lei)的(de)，大致(zhi)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)有3個類(lei)(lei)別(bie)。

第(di)一：血(xue)管壁因病變喪失彈性，變得(de)薄弱，在長(chang)期(qi)承受壓(ya)力作用(yong)下發生擴張，產(chan)生血(xue)管瘤樣病變，甚至造成破裂而(er)出血(xue)。

第二：病變使管腔狹(xia)窄(zhai)，繼而發生受(shou)供器(qi)官或肢體(ti)的缺血以至壞死。

第(di)三：病(bing)變使血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內膜損(sun)傷后誘(you)發(fa)(fa)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)栓形成，繼(ji)而發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器官或(huo)組織缺血(xue)(xue)(xue);或(huo)栓子脫落后阻塞(sai)遠端管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腔(qiang)。當然血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)還可(ke)以按照病(bing)因或(huo)者(zhe)是病(bing)理學來進行分類(lei)，這(zhe)樣種(zhong)類(lei)就較多。比如：退行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)粥樣硬化(hua)、動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)中(zhong)層硬化(hua)、小動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)（透明變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)型(xing)(xing)小動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)、增生(sheng)型(xing)(xing)小動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)硬化(hua)）。炎(yan)癥性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、巨細胞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)栓閉(bi)塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈(mo)(mo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)炎(yan)、風濕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)。功能(neng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。雷(lei)諾氏(shi)病(bing)、手(shou)足發(fa)(fa)紺、紅斑肢(zhi)痛癥等。先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)。先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)瘤(liu)、先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)靜脈(mo)(mo)瘺、各類(lei)先(xian)天(tian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)腫瘤(liu)（毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)、海綿狀(zhuang)(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)、蔓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)瘤(liu)）等等。其實在(zai)我們生(sheng)活當中(zhong)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)較為常見的(de)是發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)、頸部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)以及(ji)腦(nao)部動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)，發(fa)(fa)病(bing)之后容易導致(zhi)心(xin)肌梗死、腦(nao)梗塞(sai)等。另外，由于感(gan)染導致(zhi)的(de)梅(mei)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)，或(huo)者(zhe)其它感(gan)染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)(mo)炎(yan)也是較為常見的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)之一，由于抗(kang)生(sheng)素的(de)普遍應用，感(gan)染引起的(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)疾(ji)病(bing)病(bing)例(li)已經逐年下降。

【心腦血管疾病各季節保健】心腦血管疾病四季養生方法 心腦血管疾病四季保健