轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)又稱“嘛(ma)(ma)(ma)呢”經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)、轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)桶等,與(yu)八字(zi)(zi)真(zhen)(zhen)言和六(liu)字(zi)(zi)真(zhen)(zhen)言(六(liu)字(zi)(zi)大明咒)有(you)關(guan),藏傳佛教認為,持(chi)頌真(zhen)(zhen)言越多,越表對佛的(de)虔誠,可得脫輪回之苦(ku)。因此人們除口誦(song)外,還(huan)制(zhi)作(zuo)“嘛(ma)(ma)(ma)呢”經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong),把(ba)(ba)“六(liu)字(zi)(zi)大明咒”經(jing)(jing)卷裝于經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)內,用手搖轉(zhuan),藏族人民把(ba)(ba)經(jing)(jing)文放(fang)在(zai)轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)里,每轉(zhuan)動一次(ci)就(jiu)相(xiang)當(dang)于念(nian)頌經(jing)(jing)文一次(ci),表示反(fan)復(fu)念(nian)誦(song)著成百倍千(qian)倍的(de)“六(liu)字(zi)(zi)大明咒”。有(you)的(de)還(huan)用水力、燈(deng)火熱能(neng),制(zhi)作(zuo)了水轉(zhuan)嘛(ma)(ma)(ma)呢筒(tong)(tong)、燈(deng)轉(zhuan)嘛(ma)(ma)(ma)呢筒(tong)(tong),代人念(nian)誦(song)“六(liu)字(zi)(zi)大明咒”。
轉經(jing)筒起源于象雄雍(yong)仲(zhong)本教(jiao)。藏族同胞還有(you)許多獨特的(de)祈福方(fang)式(shi):比如轉神(shen)山(shan)、拜神(shen)湖、撒風馬旗、懸掛五彩經(jing)幡、刻石(shi)頭經(jing)文、放置瑪(ma)尼(ni)堆、供奉朵瑪(ma)盤、酥(su)油花甚至使用轉經(jing)筒等(deng)等(deng),這些也都是古象雄雍(yong)仲(zhong)本教(jiao)的(de)遺(yi)俗(su)。
一.轉經筒起源
轉經(jing)筒起(qi)源于象雄雍仲本教(jiao)。藏(zang)族(zu)同胞還有許多(duo)獨特的(de)祈福方式:比(bi)如轉神山、拜神湖(hu)、撒風馬旗、懸掛五彩經(jing)幡、刻石頭經(jing)文、放置瑪尼堆、供奉朵瑪盤、酥油花甚至(zhi)使用轉經(jing)筒等等,這(zhe)些(xie)也都是古象雄雍仲本教(jiao)的(de)遺俗。
二.基本分類
轉經(jing)筒一(yi)(yi)般分為兩(liang)類(lei):一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是手搖(yao)式的(de),另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是固(gu)定在寺(si)廟里輪架上的(de)。
一踏上西藏的土(tu)地,就能從路邊、寺廟里(li)看(kan)到一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)手(shou)搖各色轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的藏民,他們大(da)都身穿(chuan)色彩繽紛(fen)的藏袍,手(shou)中(zhong)搖動轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong),把長手(shou)柄的另一(yi)(yi)端放在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)皮套里(li),然后右(you)手(shou)扶在(zai)轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)下,使它輕(qing)輕(qing)地順時(shi)針轉起來!這(zhe)種轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)通常都以木質為主。白發(fa)蒼蒼的老人手(shou)中(zhong)轉動的經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)很輕(qing)巧,這(zhe)種一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)骨頭(tou)或是(shi)金屬制的,做工(gong)比較講究。有(you)的外(wai)面還罩有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)布(bu)套,那里(li)面的轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)則(ze)很珍貴,大(da)多鑲有(you)寶石。
轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)(you)大有(you)(you)(you)小,小的(de)(de)(de)拿在手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)即可。這種手(shou)(shou)搖轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)又叫(jiao)作(zuo)手(shou)(shou)搖瑪(ma)尼輪,質地有(you)(you)(you)金、銀、銅等(deng),也分(fen)大中(zhong)小幾種。這種可以拿在手(shou)(shou)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)主(zhu)體(ti)呈圓柱形,中(zhong)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)軸以便轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。不(bu)僅圓筒(tong)(tong)上(shang)刻有(you)(you)(you)藏傳(chuan)佛教(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)六字真言,圓筒(tong)(tong)中(zhong)間(jian)同(tong)樣裝著經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)咒。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)制作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)般都很精美,上(shang)面刻的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)文和(he)一(yi)(yi)些鳥獸(shou)等(deng)圖案除了其本(ben)來的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義外,還用(yong)漆繪彩色裝飾,如(ru)同(tong)工藝品。一(yi)(yi)些轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)上(shang)還鑲以珊瑚、寶石(shi)等(deng),更(geng)增添了其宗教(jiao)作(zuo)用(yong)以外的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。手(shou)(shou)搖轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)旁(pang)邊還開(kai)有(you)(you)(you)耳孔,系(xi)著小墜子(zi),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)圓筒(tong)(tong)下面的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)柄(bing),小墜子(zi)也隨之而動(dong),靠(kao)慣性加速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)快速旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)人認定(ding),他的(de)(de)(de)功德也在快速地積累。
三.基本用途
在西藏的寺廟里(li)都有各種大型的(de)轉經(jing)筒。如布(bu)達拉宮(gong)的(de)西墻外,有一排轉經(jing)筒,藏民要順時針用右(you)手轉動它們,并(bing)在嘴里(li)喃喃地念著(zhu)六字真言:嗡嘛呢叭咩吽。
在大昭寺正門(men)的左(zuo)側,有(you)兩(liang)個巨大的轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)筒(tong),它們(men)相當沉重,有(you)個高(gao)大的穿(chuan)著(zhu)猩紅色僧衣的喇嘛在用(yong)力地轉(zhuan)動著(zhu)它們(men)。大昭寺里,圍繞寺內(nei)有(you)一圈(quan)轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)筒(tong),來(lai)此朝拜的藏民們(men)都要按順時針(zhen)方向走過并用(yong)手撥(bo)動,使它們(men)隨著(zhu)念誦的六(liu)字真言一起旋轉(zhuan)起來(lai)。這些(xie)轉(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)筒(tong)都飽經(jing)(jing)滄桑、閱歷豐富、凈(jing)化(hua)心靈、韻味無窮。
無論是(shi)手(shou)搖(yao)式的(de)、還是(shi)寺(si)廟里固(gu)定式的(de),轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)結構(gou)大同小異。它的(de)里面有(you)一(yi)(yi)張(zhang)用藏(zang)文寫滿(man)的(de)經(jing)文,因為在(zai)奴隸制時(shi)代,藏(zang)民大多不識字,所(suo)以(yi)把經(jing)文裝在(zai)轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)里,每轉(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan),相當于誦經(jing)一(yi)(yi)遍。轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個能轉(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)軸,每當轉(zhuan)動(dong)到一(yi)(yi)定圈(quan)(quan)數時(shi),就要更新,這樣藏(zang)民就能知道自己(ji)念誦經(jing)文的(de)遍數。
在盛大的(de)宗教節日,藏民聚集在大昭寺廣(guang)場,手中不停(ting)轉動的(de)瑪尼輪,在陽光(guang)的(de)照耀下,發出耀眼(yan)的(de)萬道光(guang)芒(mang),場面十分壯觀。
多少(shao)個世紀以來,這瑪(ma)尼輪始終(zhong)伴隨著神(shen)奇(qi)的六字(zi)真言,在那些(xie)虔誠信徒散發(fa)著酥(su)油馨香的手(shou)指撥動下,不知(zhi)疲倦地旋轉(zhuan)飛舞(wu)著,傳遞著他們(men)與(yu)佛(fo)菩薩(sa)間(jian)美(mei)妙(miao)的溝通(tong)。
四.基本概述
盡管小(xiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動很快,但信奉藏傳佛(fo)教的(de)(de)(de)人們認為還(huan)是無法與大轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒相比(bi),因為大的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒上面刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)咒(zhou)和里(li)面裝的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)咒(zhou)比(bi)小(xiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒要多(duo)得多(duo),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一圈劃(hua)過的(de)(de)(de)軌跡比(bi)小(xiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒大得多(duo),因而轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一圈大的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒比(bi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一圈小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒積累的(de)(de)(de)功德也高得多(duo)。這(zhe)樣(yang)一來,人們除了(le)熱衷于(yu)隨時隨地轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動手(shou)搖(yao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒外(wai),還(huan)專(zhuan)門抽出(chu)固定時間,去轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)更大的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒。大的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒一般(ban)都集中在寺院周圍,有專(zhuan)門的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)走廊。一排排不(bu)易數清的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)筒被整齊排列固定在木軸上,一眼望去,既感(gan)到(dao)壯(zhuang)觀又感(gan)到(dao)神秘。
這種(zhong)大的轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)也是(shi)圓柱形,高(gao)近1米(mi),直(zhi)徑40余厘米(mi),一般有(you)銅(tong)(tong)制(zhi)和(he)木(mu)制(zhi)兩種(zhong),銅(tong)(tong)制(zhi)的轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)外形仍為銅(tong)(tong)的本色。木(mu)制(zhi)的轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)則多為紅色,筒(tong)(tong)外包有(you)綢(chou)緞、牛(niu)羊皮(pi)等(deng),并刻(ke)著六字真言和(he)鳥(niao)獸圖案,筒(tong)(tong)里則裝(zhuang)滿了經(jing)文(wen)。轉(zhuan)動這些轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)得靠手推,一般輕輕一推即可轉(zhuan)動。轉(zhuan)動起(qi)來即意味著將(jiang)里面所(suo)裝(zhuang)的經(jing)文(wen)念了起(qi)來。也有(you)手推也轉(zhuan)動不了的轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong),這種(zhong)轉(zhuan)經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)非(fei)常大,其高(gao)度(du)可達數(shu)米(mi),直(zhi)徑可達兩米(mi),筒(tong)(tong)中可容納全(quan)部大藏經(jing),要想轉(zhuan)動它(ta),必(bi)須眾人協力方可。
五.分布位置
在(zai)西藏的寺廟里都有(you)各種很大(da)的轉經(jing)筒(tong)。如(ru)布(bu)達(da)拉宮的西墻外(wai),有(you)一排轉經(jing)筒(tong),藏民要順(shun)時針(zhen)用(yong)右手撥轉它們,并(bing)在(zai)嘴里喃(nan)喃(nan)的念著(zhu)六字真言:奄嘛呢叭咩(mie)哞(mou)。
大昭寺(si)(si)里,圍(wei)繞寺(si)(si)內(nei)有(you)一(yi)圈轉經筒(tong),來此朝(chao)拜的(de)藏民們(men)都要順時針的(de)走過并用手撥動(dong),使它們(men)隨著(zhu)念誦的(de)六字真言(yan)一(yi)起轉動(dong)起來。這些(xie)轉經筒(tong)都歷經風(feng)風(feng)雨雨,年代久遠(yuan)。
六.佛教意義
在(zai)西藏幾乎隨處可見(jian)轉經(jing)的人(ren),因為(wei)人(ren)們認(ren)為(wei)轉經(jing)就相(xiang)當(dang)于念經(jing),是懺(chan)悔往事、消災避(bi)難、修(xiu)積功(gong)德的最好方式(shi)。為(wei)了(le)讓這(zhe)種(zhong)最好的修(xiu)德方式(shi)得到最充分的運用,西藏各處修(xiu)有(you)佛塔(ta),置有(you)轉經(jing)筒,甚至隨身隨時(shi)攜帶著轉經(jing)筒,一有(you)閑暇,便轉動(dong)經(jing)筒。
在(zai)盛大宗(zong)教節日的(de)時候,藏(zang)民(min)在(zai)大昭(zhao)寺廣(guang)場(chang)上不停(ting)轉(zhuan)動(dong)瑪(ma)(ma)尼輪,在(zai)陽光的(de)照耀下(xia)發出萬道耀眼(yan)的(de)光芒,場(chang)面十分壯(zhuang)觀。藏(zang)族(zu)是一個全民(min)信(xin)教的(de)民(min)族(zu),由(you)于(yu)他們直接從奴隸(li)制(zhi)進入了社會主義,他們中(zhong)的(de)大多數依然把對未來幸福生(sheng)活的(de)祈盼乃至自己的(de)來生(sheng)都寄托在(zai)這個轉(zhuan)動(dong)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)瑪(ma)(ma)尼輪中(zhong)。多少年來,這瑪(ma)(ma)尼輪就在(zai)生(sheng)死(si)輪回中(zhong)、在(zai)喃(nan)喃(nan)的(de)六字真言中(zhong)、在(zai)那些(xie)虔誠的(de)信(xin)徒沾(zhan)滿(man)酥油的(de)手的(de)撥動(dong)下(xia),一圈圈的(de)轉(zhuan)動(dong)著(zhu)(zhu),承載(zai)著(zhu)(zhu)佛(fo)祖與藏(zang)民(min)之間的(de)溝通。
轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經筒,亦稱(cheng)嘛呢轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經輪(lun)(lun),藏(zang)傳佛教(jiao)信徒人人持有(you),不停(ting)地搖(yao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。“轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)經輪(lun)(lun)的(de)功(gong)(gong)德,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)等(deng)同于念誦《大藏(zang)經》一(yi)(yi)(yi)遍。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)二周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),等(deng)同于念誦所(suo)有(you)的(de)佛經,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)三(san)周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可消(xiao)除(chu)所(suo)作身、口、意、罪(zui)障(zhang)(zhang),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)十周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可消(xiao)除(chu)須彌山王般的(de)罪(zui)障(zhang)(zhang);轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),功(gong)(gong)德和閻羅(luo)王相(xiang)等(deng);轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自他皆能證得法身;轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬周(zhou)音(yin),可令自他一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)眾生解(jie)脫;轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)十萬周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可遠(yuan)至觀世音(yin)菩薩海會圣眾處,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)百萬周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可令六(liu)道輪(lun)(lun)圓(yuan)海中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)眾生悉(xi)得安(an)樂;轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)千萬周(zhou)音(yin),可令六(liu)道輪(lun)(lun)回眾生皆得撥(bo)除(chu)苦(ku)海;轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)億萬周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),功(gong)(gong)德等(deng)同于觀世音(yin)菩薩。”智慧第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)舍(she)利弗尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),曾(ceng)經請(qing)求世尊(zun)開示:"世尊(zun),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經輪(lun)(lun)如(ru)(ru)何成(cheng)熟善根,請(qing)已解(jie)脫無量大劫輪(lun)(lun)回的(de)世尊(zun)教(jiao)導我(wo)。"世尊(zun)作此(ci)教(jiao)言:轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經輪(lun)(lun)的(de)功(gong)(gong)德今(jin)作簡要(yao)說明,以短暫的(de)時間(jian)或在殊勝的(de)節(jie)日(ri)里轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經輪(lun)(lun)或于日(ri)常中(zhong)如(ru)(ru)小溪流(liu)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣不間(jian)斷地轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)經輪(lun)(lun)可使(shi)三(san)界眾生獲(huo)得解(jie)脫。以手接觸(chu)經輪(lun)(lun)或眼睛(jing)見到經輪(lun)(lun)的(de)有(you)情不會墮(duo)入惡趣中(zhong),以手轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)繞經輪(lun)(lun)的(de)功(gong)(gong)德可以使(shi)天空、大地、水(shui)、火、風、山石草木、森林中(zhong)的(de)有(you)情皆成(cheng)佛道。
若在山頂轉動經輪,所居方圓一帶可(ke)得吉(ji)祥(xiang)圓滿。
若瑜伽(jia)士轉動經輪,自他二(er)利事(shi)業可以(yi)任運成(cheng)就。
若持戒清(qing)凈的修(xiu)道(dao)者轉動(dong)經輪(lun),可(ke)以清(qing)凈破誓言(yan)的罪(zui)業。
若咒(zhou)師轉動經輪(lun),能消除(chu)業障(zhang)面見本尊。
若(ruo)醫生轉(zhuan)動(dong)經輪,其居住(zhu)地方瘟疫消(xiao)除并皆得(de)成佛。
若(ruo)國王轉動經輪,其臣(chen)民(min)眷屬皆能消除業障。
若官(guan)兵轉動經輪,能夠清凈(jing)業障遣除違緣,增長福田。
若王妃轉動(dong)經(jing)輪,可獲(huo)得圓滿資糧,國(guo)政興盛。
若軍(jun)官轉動經(jing)輪,其隊伍及眷屬都可消除業障。
若士兵轉動經輪,能保(bao)護其生命并(bing)消除業障。
若商人轉動經輪,則能夠生意興隆(long),心想事(shi)成。
若普通男人轉(zhuan)動經輪,可獲(huo)得人天果報。
若貧女轉(zhuan)動經輪,來世(shi)能(neng)獲得(de)殊勝清凈男身(shen)。
若窮人轉(zhuan)動經(jing)輪,能夠消除業障,轉(zhuan)貧為富(fu)。
轉動一(yi)日經(jing)輪可(ke)以(yi)圓滿一(yi)億心(xin)咒的功德,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)諸佛善逝(shi)親口宣說的教言。口中誦(song)咒,手轉經(jing)輪,心(xin)里觀(guan)想咒輪,如(ru)(ru)(ru)此能夠三者(zhe)不(bu)離經(jing)常修(xiu)(xiu)持,來(lai)世可(ke)以(yi)獲得殊勝竅訣的解(jie)脫法。"修(xiu)(xiu)習正(zheng)法如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)修(xiu)(xiu),消除業障如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)修(xiu)(xiu),十八地獄諸有(you)情,愿獲解(jie)脫如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)修(xiu)(xiu),往(wang)生極樂勝剎土,成(cheng)就佛道(dao)如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)修(xiu)(xiu)。
七.結構特點
無(wu)論是手中搖動(dong)(dong)的(de)、還是寺廟(miao)里(li)的(de)轉(zhuan)經筒它(ta)們的(de)結構差(cha)不多。它(ta)的(de)里(li)面有一紙用藏(zang)文(wen)密密寫(xie)滿(man)了的(de)經文(wen),因(yin)為在奴隸制的(de)時(shi)候,藏(zang)民大多不識字(zi),所以(yi)把經文(wen)裝在轉(zhuan)經筒里(li),每轉(zhuan)一圈,相當念(nian)(nian)經一遍(bian)。轉(zhuan)經筒有一個軸能使它(ta)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong),每當轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)到一定圈數時(shi),就要更新,所以(yi)那(nei)時(shi)藏(zang)民是這樣記錄(lu)自己(ji)念(nian)(nian)誦了多少遍(bian)經文(wen)的(de)。
一(yi)踏上西藏(zang)的(de)土地(di),我就從路邊、寺(si)廟里(li)(li)看到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)手(shou)搖(yao)各色轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)藏(zang)民(min),他們大(da)都(dou)身穿(chuan)藏(zang)袍,把很長手(shou)柄(bing)的(de)另一(yi)端放在這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)皮套(tao)里(li)(li),然后右(you)手(shou)扶(fu)在轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)下,使它輕輕的(de)順(shun)時針(zhen)轉起來!這(zhe)(zhe)種轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)通(tong)常都(dou)是(shi)(shi)以木質為(wei)主。白(bai)發(fa)蒼(cang)蒼(cang)的(de)老人手(shou)中轉動(dong)的(de)轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)很輕巧,這(zhe)(zhe)種一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)骨(gu)制(zhi)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)金屬制(zhi)的(de),做(zuo)工比較講(jiang)究。有的(de)外面還罩有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)布套(tao),那里(li)(li)面的(de)轉經(jing)筒(tong)(tong)則不得了(le),大(da)多是(shi)(shi)鑲有寶(bao)石的(de)。
八.使用方法
轉(zhuan)經筒(tong)時要緩緩地、平穩(wen)地轉(zhuan),不(bu)要很(hen)(hen)急、很(hen)(hen)快(kuai)地轉(zhuan)。經筒(tong)中的經文一定(ding)要保證不(bu)要裝反。電動轉(zhuan)經筒(tong)如果發(fa)出響聲(sheng),沒有什么大的關系,但是(shi)手(shou)搖轉(zhuan)經筒(tong)不(bu)能發(fa)出聲(sheng)音,如果發(fa)出聲(sheng)音就非常不(bu)好(hao)。
握住轉經筒時,大(da)拇(mu)指絕對不(bu)能沖(chong)上握著握柄(bing),用這個姿勢搖轉經筒就好象是說(shuo)用腳指著佛菩(pu)薩(sa)一樣。大(da)拇(mu)指一定要平放,與其余四指握在一起。
有師兄說他(ta)一(yi)直(zhi)都(dou)是很快地搖轉經筒,很著急要清(qing)凈業障,以為轉得(de)越快越好。上(shang)師否定(ding)了(le),并做了(le)示范(上(shang)師搖轉經筒的(de)時(shi)候實在是太蓋了(le),那么穩,那么安定(ding)。從那個姿(zi)勢(shi)和節奏可以看到上(shang)師如如不動(dong)的(de)內心(xin)),上(shang)師說,愛(ai)著急的(de)人(ren)嗔恨心(xin)也(ye)容(rong)易重。
九.世界最大
香格(ge)里拉的(de)中甸古城中心是(shi)中心鎮公(gong)堂(tang),又稱藏(zang)經堂(tang),這(zhe)里經幡飛揚,是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)非常典型的(de)藏(zang)傳佛教(jiao)寺廟建筑。藏(zang)經堂(tang)對(dui)面(mian)有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)小(xiao)山,名(ming)曰“龜(gui)山公(gong)園(yuan)”。山頂上不久前建成的(de)大(da)(da)經輪是(shi)世界上目前最大(da)(da),最高的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)經筒(tong),高21米,總重60噸,筒(tong)身(shen)為(wei)(wei)純銅鍍金,筒(tong)壁上高浮雕(diao)文殊(shu),普賢,觀音,地藏(zang)四(si)大(da)(da)菩薩。下層為(wei)(wei)佛家八寶(bao):法螺,法輪,寶(bao)傘,百蓋,蓮花,寶(bao)瓶,金魚(yu),盤長。筒(tong)內藏(zang)有(you)經咒(zhou),六字(zi)真言124萬(wan)條和多種佛寶(bao)16噸。筒(tong)頂為(wei)(wei)比筒(tong)身(shen)直徑明顯大(da)(da)的(de)圓形“傘蓋”,輪座(zuo)為(wei)(wei)巨大(da)(da)的(de)滾珠軸(zhou)承,軸(zhou)承外(wai)圍為(wei)(wei)直徑約十(shi)公(gong)分的(de)不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)彎成的(de)大(da)(da)環。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)經者可抓握大(da)(da)環,或推或拉順時針轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動經筒(tong)。據說六個壯(zhuang)漢方可轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動,每轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)周,相當念(nian)佛號124萬(wan)聲。
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