一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能(neng)源汽車(che)(che)發(fa)展越來越快，但人們對(dui)于(yu)動力(li)電池(chi)的(de)安全(quan)性一(yi)直非常在(zai)意，誰都(dou)不希望自己花錢(qian)買來的(de)電動汽車(che)(che)存在(zai)極大的(de)安全(quan)風險，電池(chi)保(bao)護系統就是為了保(bao)護電池(chi)而設計(ji)的(de)，俗(su)稱電池(chi)保(bao)姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的保(bao)護，主要是(shi)通過下面兩種方(fang)式實現(xian)的：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統實時(shi)監(jian)控每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單元的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫度，通過精確的數據監(jian)測(ce)來確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作在設計的安(an)全(quan)參數范圍內。當任何關鍵指標達到或超過預設閾值時(shi)，BMS會立即(ji)采(cai)取(qu)應對措施，例如切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源或降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)，從而避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過熱、過充或過放(fang)，預防可(ke)能(neng)導致的損壞(huai)甚至(zhi)安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故。

2、BMS電(dian)池管(guan)理系統(tong)具備強大的故障(zhang)檢測和診斷功能，它可(ke)以(yi)即時(shi)識別出(chu)電(dian)池系統(tong)中(zhong)的異(yi)常(chang)行為，如(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)不穩、電(dian)流(liu)異(yi)常(chang)或(huo)是(shi)溫(wen)度(du)突變等，并向駕駛員或(huo)維修人員發送警報，這些及時(shi)的反饋可(ke)以(yi)幫助迅速解決(jue)潛在的問題，從而保障(zhang)用戶(hu)的行車安(an)全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電池(chi)保姆(mu)對電池(chi)的保護(hu)是它的主(zhu)要(yao)功能之一，一般電池(chi)管理(li)系統主(zhu)要(yao)有四大保護(hu)功能：

1、過充保護

過充保護是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，隨(sui)著電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升(sheng)高(gao)到超(chao)出合理范圍后，會帶(dai)來不確(que)定的(de)(de)危險。而電(dian)池(chi)管理系統的(de)(de)過充保護功能就是實時監測電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)充電(dian)到安全電(dian)壓(ya)范圍頂點時，就切斷電(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續升(sheng)高(gao)，從(cong)而起到保護作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)時，電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統會實時監測(ce)電(dian)池組的每串電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，只要有其(qi)中(zhong)一串電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)到達過(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)值（三(san)元的過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統就會切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，整(zheng)組鋰(li)電(dian)池都停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護(hu)是(shi)指鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)下降，如果(guo)把電(dian)(dian)全部放(fang)完耗盡，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部的(de)化學材料就會失(shi)去活(huo)性(xing)，導致(zhi)充不進電(dian)(dian)或容量下降。而(er)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統的(de)過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)就是(shi)實(shi)時監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)最低點時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)繼續下降，從而(er)起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車放電時，電池管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)會實時監測電池組(zu)的(de)每串(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)，只要有(you)其中一串(chuan)電壓(ya)(ya)到達過(guo)放保護值（三(san)元的(de)過(guo)放電壓(ya)(ya)默認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵(tie)鋰(li)的(de)過(guo)放電壓(ya)(ya)默認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電池管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)就(jiu)會切斷電源(yuan)，整組(zu)鋰(li)電池都停止放電。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在給(gei)負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會(hui)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大時，容易燒(shao)壞(huai)保(bao)護板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設備(bei)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)的過(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能就是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程中實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過(guo)安全范(fan)圍內(nei)時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的經(jing)過(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)大損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設備(bei)，從而(er)起到(dao)保(bao)護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電(dian)池組電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，只(zhi)要到達(da)了設(she)定的過流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護值(zhi)，電(dian)池管理(li)系統(tong)就會切斷電(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)池都(dou)停止充放電(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)件保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)控探(tan)頭是焊接到保(bao)護(hu)板(ban)內部主板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)可拔(ba)插。溫(wen)(wen)控探(tan)頭能實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)或工作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度變化，當(dang)監測到溫(wen)(wen)度超出(chu)設定的(de)(de)(de)值（硬(ying)件的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)控保(bao)護(hu)默認：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)-40~75℃，可根據(ju)客(ke)戶的(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)更改，客(ke)戶不(bu)能自行設置(zhi)）時，斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度恢復指合(he)理范圍后(hou)，才(cai)可繼續充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，起到保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用。