一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽(qi)車(che)發展越來(lai)越快，但人們對于動力電(dian)池(chi)的(de)安(an)全(quan)性一(yi)直非(fei)常在(zai)(zai)意，誰都不希(xi)望自己花錢買來(lai)的(de)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)存在(zai)(zai)極大(da)的(de)安(an)全(quan)風險，電(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)系統就是為了保護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)而設計(ji)的(de)，俗稱(cheng)電(dian)池(chi)保姆(mu)。

電池管理系統對于電池(chi)的保護，主要(yao)是通過下面兩種方式(shi)實現的：

1、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系統實時監(jian)控每個電(dian)池(chi)(chi)單元的電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)度，通過(guo)精確(que)的數(shu)據監(jian)測(ce)來確(que)保電(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作在設計的安(an)全參數(shu)范圍內。當(dang)任(ren)何關鍵指標達到或超過(guo)預設閾值時，BMS會立即(ji)采取應對措(cuo)施(shi)，例如(ru)切斷電(dian)源或降低電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充(chong)電(dian)和(he)放電(dian)速(su)率，從而避免電(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)熱、過(guo)充(chong)或過(guo)放，預防可(ke)能導致的損壞(huai)甚至安(an)全事故。

2、BMS電(dian)池(chi)管理系統具備(bei)強大的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)檢測(ce)和診斷功能，它可以即時(shi)識別(bie)出電(dian)池(chi)系統中的(de)(de)(de)異常(chang)行為，如電(dian)壓(ya)不穩(wen)、電(dian)流異常(chang)或是溫度突變(bian)等(deng)，并向駕駛員(yuan)或維(wei)修人員(yuan)發送警報，這些(xie)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)反饋可以幫助迅速(su)解決潛在的(de)(de)(de)問題，從而(er)保障(zhang)用戶的(de)(de)(de)行車安全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池(chi)保(bao)姆對電(dian)池(chi)的保(bao)護(hu)是它的主要功能之一，一般電(dian)池(chi)管理系統主要有(you)四(si)大保(bao)護(hu)功能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)(guo)充保護(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)升高(gao)到(dao)超出合理范圍(wei)后，會帶來(lai)不確定(ding)的(de)(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充保護(hu)功能就(jiu)(jiu)是實(shi)時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)頂點時(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)繼續(xu)升高(gao)，從而起到(dao)保護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池管理系統會實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)每串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只要(yao)有其中一串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過充(chong)(chong)保護值（三元的(de)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認(ren)為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的(de)過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認(ren)為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)池管理系統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池都停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)保(bao)護(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)下(xia)降(jiang)，如(ru)果(guo)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)全部(bu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)完耗(hao)盡，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)的(de)化學(xue)材料就會失去活性，導致充(chong)不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下(xia)降(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)就是實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當(dang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)最低(di)點時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)繼續(xu)下(xia)降(jiang)，從(cong)而起到保(bao)護(hu)作用(yong)。

新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)會實(shi)時監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)每串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只要有(you)其中一串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)保(bao)護值(zhi)（三元的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統(tong)就會切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在給負(fu)載供電(dian)時(shi)(shi)，電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)會隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)壓(ya)和功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)變化而(er)變化，當(dang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很大時(shi)(shi)，容(rong)易燒(shao)壞保(bao)護板、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備。而(er)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統的(de)(de)(de)過流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能就是充放電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程中實時(shi)(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超過安(an)全(quan)范(fan)圍內時(shi)(shi)，就切斷電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)過，防止電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過大損壞電(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備，從(cong)而(er)起到保(bao)護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只要到達了設定的過流(liu)保護值(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統就(jiu)會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組(zu)(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)池都停(ting)止充放電(dian)(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)硬件保護(hu)板的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)控探(tan)頭是焊接(jie)到(dao)保護(hu)板內(nei)部主板的(de)(de)(de)，不可(ke)拔插(cha)。溫(wen)(wen)控探(tan)頭能實時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)組或工作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度變化(hua)，當監測到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度超出設(she)定的(de)(de)(de)值（硬件的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)控保護(hu)默認(ren)：充電(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客戶的(de)(de)(de)要求更改(gai)，客戶不能自行設(she)置）時(shi)，斷開(kai)電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)充放電(dian)，當溫(wen)(wen)度恢復指合理(li)范圍后(hou)，才可(ke)繼(ji)續(xu)充放電(dian)，起到(dao)保護(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)。