一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)發展(zhan)越來越快，但(dan)人們對于(yu)動力電(dian)池的(de)安(an)全(quan)性一直非常在意(yi)，誰都不(bu)希望自己花錢買來的(de)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)存在極大的(de)安(an)全(quan)風險，電(dian)池保護系(xi)統就是為了(le)保護電(dian)池而設計的(de)，俗稱電(dian)池保姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的保(bao)護，主要是通(tong)過下面(mian)兩種方(fang)式(shi)實現的：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統實(shi)時監控每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單元的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度，通過(guo)(guo)(guo)精確的(de)數據(ju)監測來確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作在設計的(de)安(an)全參(can)數范圍(wei)內。當任(ren)何(he)關鍵指標達到或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)預(yu)設閾值(zhi)時，BMS會(hui)立即采取應對措施，例如切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源或(huo)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)速率，從(cong)而(er)避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)(guo)充或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)放，預(yu)防可(ke)能導致的(de)損壞甚至(zhi)安(an)全事(shi)故。

2、BMS電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統具備強大的(de)(de)故障檢測和診斷功能，它可以(yi)即時識別出電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統中(zhong)的(de)(de)異常行為，如電(dian)(dian)壓不穩、電(dian)(dian)流異常或是溫度突變等，并向駕駛(shi)員或維修人(ren)員發送(song)警報，這些及(ji)時的(de)(de)反饋(kui)可以(yi)幫助迅速解決潛在的(de)(de)問(wen)題，從而保(bao)障用戶的(de)(de)行車(che)安(an)全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)保(bao)姆對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的保(bao)護(hu)(hu)是它的主要(yao)功能之一，一般電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統主要(yao)有四大保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護是(shi)(shi)指鋰電(dian)池在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，隨著電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)到(dao)超出合(he)理(li)范圍(wei)后(hou)，會帶來不確定的(de)危險。而電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統的(de)過(guo)充(chong)保(bao)護功能(neng)就是(shi)(shi)實(shi)時(shi)(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)池組的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，當充(chong)電(dian)到(dao)安(an)全電(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)頂點時(shi)(shi)，就切斷電(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)繼(ji)續升(sheng)高(gao)，從(cong)而起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)護作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的每串電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只要(yao)有其中一串電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過充保(bao)護值（三元的過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過放(fang)(fang)保護是指鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的下降(jiang)，如果把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全部(bu)放(fang)(fang)完耗(hao)盡，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)的化學材料就會(hui)失去活性(xing)，導(dao)致充不(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)容量下降(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統的過放(fang)(fang)保護功能(neng)就是實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最低(di)點時，就切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的繼續(xu)下降(jiang)，從而起到保護作用。

新(xin)能源汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統會(hui)實時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓，只要有(you)其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)放(fang)保護值（三元的(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓默(mo)認為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰(li)的(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓默(mo)認為2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統就(jiu)會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組(zu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)給(gei)負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)會(hui)隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)化(hua)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很大(da)時(shi)，容易燒壞保(bao)護板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)設(she)(she)備。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能(neng)就是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程(cheng)中實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)安全范圍內時(shi)，就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的經(jing)過(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)設(she)(she)備，從而起到(dao)保(bao)護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實(shi)時監測電池(chi)組電流(liu)，只要(yao)到(dao)達了設定的(de)過流(liu)保(bao)護值(zhi)，電池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系統就會切(qie)斷電源，整組鋰電池(chi)都(dou)停(ting)止充(chong)放電。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統的硬件保(bao)護(hu)板的溫控探頭(tou)是焊接到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)板內(nei)部主板的，不(bu)可(ke)(ke)拔(ba)插。溫控探頭(tou)能實時監測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組或工(gong)作環境的溫度(du)變化，當監測到(dao)溫度(du)超出(chu)設定的值（硬件的溫控保(bao)護(hu)默認：充電(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)(ke)根據客(ke)戶的要求更改(gai)，客(ke)戶不(bu)能自行(xing)設置(zhi)）時，斷開電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的充放電(dian)，當溫度(du)恢(hui)復指合(he)理范圍后(hou)，才可(ke)(ke)繼續充放電(dian)，起到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)作用。