一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽車發展越來越快，但(dan)人們對于動力電(dian)池(chi)的(de)安全(quan)性一直非常在意，誰都不希望自(zi)己花錢買來的(de)電(dian)動汽車存(cun)在極大的(de)安全(quan)風險，電(dian)池(chi)保護系統就是為了保護電(dian)池(chi)而設計的(de)，俗稱電(dian)池(chi)保姆。

電池管理系統對(dui)于電池的保護，主要是(shi)通過(guo)下面(mian)兩種(zhong)方式實(shi)現的：

1、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)實時(shi)(shi)監控每個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單元的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度，通(tong)過(guo)精確(que)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)監測來(lai)確(que)保電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作在(zai)設計的(de)安(an)全(quan)參數(shu)范圍內(nei)。當任何關鍵指(zhi)標(biao)達到或(huo)超過(guo)預設閾(yu)值時(shi)(shi)，BMS會立即采取應(ying)對措(cuo)施，例如切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源或(huo)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)速(su)率，從(cong)而避免電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)熱、過(guo)充或(huo)過(guo)放(fang)，預防可能導(dao)致的(de)損壞(huai)甚至安(an)全(quan)事故。

2、BMS電池(chi)管理系統具備(bei)強大的(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)檢(jian)測和診斷功能，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)即時(shi)識別(bie)出(chu)電池(chi)系統中的(de)(de)(de)異常行為，如電壓不穩、電流異常或是溫度突變(bian)等，并向駕駛員或維修人員發送警報(bao)，這些(xie)及時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)反饋可(ke)(ke)以(yi)幫助迅速解決潛(qian)在的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，從而(er)保障(zhang)用(yong)戶的(de)(de)(de)行車安全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池(chi)保姆對電(dian)池(chi)的保護是它的主(zhu)要(yao)功能(neng)之一(yi)，一(yi)般(ban)電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統主(zhu)要(yao)有四大(da)保護功能(neng)：

1、過充保護

過(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)(hu)是指鋰電(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)壓的(de)升(sheng)高到(dao)超出合(he)理范圍后，會帶來不確(que)定的(de)危險。而電(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)的(de)過(guo)充(chong)保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能就(jiu)(jiu)是實時監測(ce)電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)電(dian)壓，當充(chong)電(dian)到(dao)安全電(dian)壓范圍頂點時，就(jiu)(jiu)切斷電(dian)源，防止電(dian)壓的(de)繼續升(sheng)高，從而起到(dao)保護(hu)(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統會(hui)實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的每(mei)串電(dian)(dian)壓，只要(yao)有其中一串電(dian)(dian)壓到達過充保(bao)護值（三元的過充電(dian)(dian)壓默認為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過充電(dian)(dian)壓默認為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統就會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組(zu)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都(dou)停止充電(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程中，隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的下降，如(ru)果把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)部放(fang)完(wan)耗盡(jin)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部的化(hua)學材(cai)料(liao)就會失去(qu)活性，導致充(chong)不(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)容量下降。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統的過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護功(gong)能就是實時監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)最低點(dian)時，就切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的繼續下降，從而起到保(bao)護作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)每串電(dian)(dian)壓，只要有(you)其(qi)中一(yi)串電(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)放(fang)保護(hu)值（三元的(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的(de)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在給負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)會(hui)隨(sui)著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變化而(er)變化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)很大(da)時(shi)，容易燒壞(huai)保(bao)護板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設(she)備(bei)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統的過(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護功能就(jiu)是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程中(zhong)實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)安(an)全范圍(wei)內時(shi)，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的經過(guo)，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設(she)備(bei)，從(cong)而(er)起到保(bao)護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會(hui)實時監測電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)電(dian)流，只要到(dao)達了設定的過流保(bao)護值，電(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)就(jiu)會(hui)切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，整組(zu)鋰電(dian)池(chi)都停(ting)止充放電(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)件保護板的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫控探(tan)(tan)頭是焊接(jie)到(dao)保護板內部主(zhu)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)可(ke)拔插。溫控探(tan)(tan)頭能實(shi)時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)組或工(gong)作(zuo)環境的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)變化，當監測到(dao)溫度(du)超出(chu)設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)值（硬(ying)(ying)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫控保護默認：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根(gen)據客戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求更改，客戶不(bu)能自行設置）時(shi)，斷開電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)，當溫度(du)恢復指合(he)理范圍后，才可(ke)繼續充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)，起(qi)到(dao)保護作(zuo)用。