一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽車(che)發展越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)快，但(dan)人(ren)們(men)對(dui)于動(dong)力電(dian)池的(de)(de)安(an)全性一(yi)直(zhi)非(fei)常在(zai)意，誰都(dou)不希望自己花錢買(mai)來的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)存在(zai)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)安(an)全風險，電(dian)池保(bao)護系統就是為了保(bao)護電(dian)池而設計的(de)(de)，俗稱電(dian)池保(bao)姆。

電池管理系統對于電(dian)池的(de)保護，主要(yao)是通過下面(mian)兩(liang)種方式實現的(de)：

1、電池(chi)管理系統實時(shi)監控每個電池(chi)單元的(de)電壓、電流(liu)和溫度(du)，通過(guo)(guo)精確(que)的(de)數據監測來確(que)保電池(chi)工作在設計的(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)參數范(fan)圍(wei)內。當(dang)任(ren)何關鍵指標(biao)達(da)到或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)預設閾值時(shi)，BMS會(hui)立即采取應對(dui)措施(shi)，例(li)如(ru)切斷(duan)電源或(huo)降低電池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電和放電速率，從而避免電池(chi)過(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)或(huo)過(guo)(guo)放，預防可能(neng)導致的(de)損(sun)壞(huai)甚至安(an)全(quan)(quan)事故(gu)。

2、BMS電池管理系統(tong)具備(bei)強大的(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)檢測和診(zhen)斷功(gong)能，它可以即時識(shi)別出(chu)電池系統(tong)中的(de)異(yi)常(chang)行為，如(ru)電壓不(bu)穩(wen)、電流(liu)異(yi)常(chang)或是溫度突變等，并向(xiang)駕駛員(yuan)或維修人員(yuan)發送警報，這些及時的(de)反饋(kui)可以幫助迅速解決潛在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題(ti)，從而保障(zhang)(zhang)用戶的(de)行車安(an)全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池保(bao)姆對電(dian)池的保(bao)護(hu)是它的主要功能(neng)之(zhi)一，一般電(dian)池管(guan)理系統主要有四大(da)保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)：

1、過充保護

過充保護(hu)是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)到超出合理范(fan)圍后，會(hui)帶來不確定的(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的(de)過充保護(hu)功能就是實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓，當充電(dian)(dian)到安全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍頂點(dian)時，就切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)繼(ji)續升(sheng)高(gao)，從而起到保護(hu)作用。

新能源汽(qi)車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統會(hui)實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，只要有其(qi)中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)充保(bao)護值（三元(yuan)的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰(li)的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統就會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)保護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，如果把電(dian)(dian)全部放(fang)(fang)(fang)完(wan)耗(hao)盡，鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)化學(xue)材(cai)料(liao)就(jiu)(jiu)會失(shi)去活性，導(dao)致充(chong)不進電(dian)(dian)或容量(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)保護功能就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，當放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)最(zui)低點時，就(jiu)(jiu)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)繼(ji)續(xu)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，從(cong)而起到保護作用。

新能源汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)(guan)理系統會實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)每(mei)串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，只(zhi)要有其中一串電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)到達過放(fang)保護值（三元(yuan)的(de)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默(mo)認為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰(li)的(de)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默(mo)認為2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)(guan)理系統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池都停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在給負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的(de)(de)變化而變化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大(da)時，容易燒壞保護板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設(she)備(bei)(bei)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)流保護功能就是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流超過(guo)安全范圍內時，就切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)經過(guo)，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)大(da)損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或設(she)備(bei)(bei)，從而起到(dao)保護作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只(zhi)要到(dao)達(da)了設定的過流(liu)保護(hu)值，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停止充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統的(de)(de)硬件保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的(de)(de)溫(wen)控(kong)探(tan)頭是焊接到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板內部主板的(de)(de)，不可(ke)拔插。溫(wen)控(kong)探(tan)頭能實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組或工作環(huan)境的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)變化(hua)，當(dang)(dang)監測到溫(wen)度(du)超(chao)出設定的(de)(de)值（硬件的(de)(de)溫(wen)控(kong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)默認(ren)：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客(ke)戶的(de)(de)要求更改，客(ke)戶不能自行設置）時，斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)(dang)溫(wen)度(du)恢復指合(he)理范圍后(hou)，才可(ke)繼續充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，起到保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。