一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟(shu)悉汽車(che)的朋友(you)對ESP（車(che)身電(dian)子穩定系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制(zhi)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽引(yin)力控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）等(deng)車(che)載系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)不會感到陌生，在新能(neng)源車(che)上還有一個(ge)非常重要的系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)(ta)就是BMS（電(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)），它(ta)(ta)又叫電(dian)池管(guan)家，那么它(ta)(ta)有什么作用呢(ni)？

據(ju)了解，新能源汽車上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)管家是一個很龐大(da)的(de)軟硬件集(ji)合體，包括傳感器(qi)、中央處(chu)理(li)器(qi)、執(zhi)行機構等(deng)，它的(de)作(zuo)用主(zhu)要是采集(ji)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)數(shu)據(ju)，然后分析數(shu)據(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用環境(jing)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系統(tong)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進(jin)行監測和(he)控制，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組在安(an)全的(de)工作(zuo)區(qu)間內，提(ti)供(gong)車輛控制所需(xu)的(de)必需(xu)信息，在出現異常時及時響應并進(jin)行處(chu)理(li)，它也會根(gen)據(ju)環境(jing)溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)狀態及車輛需(xu)求等(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池管理系統是對電(dian)池進(jin)行監控(kong)(kong)與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)系統，將采集的(de)電(dian)池信(xin)息(xi)實時反饋給用戶，同時根(gen)據采集的(de)信(xin)息(xi)調節(jie)參數，充(chong)分發揮(hui)電(dian)池的(de)性(xing)能，其功(gong)能主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態分(fen)(fen)析最(zui)常見的(de)(de)一種就(jiu)是動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態（SOC）估(gu)算，SOC其實指的(de)(de)就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量的(de)(de)百分(fen)(fen)比。

SOC估算是(shi)BMS的(de)核(he)心功(gong)能，同時也(ye)是(shi)評估電(dian)動(dong)車續航里程的(de)主要參(can)(can)數。BMS通過遍布整個(ge)電(dian)池包的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢測(ce)電(dian)池參(can)(can)數（電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和(he)溫度(du)等）信息，有的(de)電(dian)壓傳(chuan)感(gan)器精度(du)非(fei)常(chang)高，1mv的(de)變化(hua)都可(ke)以被識別(bie)出來(lai)，由于探測(ce)的(de)信息準(zhun)確外加優秀的(de)算法(fa)處理，電(dian)池的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)量就(jiu)可(ke)以被非(fei)常(chang)準(zhun)確的(de)計算出來(lai)。

在日常用車過程中，車主(zhu)可(ke)以(yi)通過中控屏自主(zhu)設置SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)理解成車輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)量平衡(heng)的(de)目標值(zhi)。當車輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)量高(gao)于(yu)(yu)設置值(zhi)時，系(xi)統(tong)動力(li)分配會優先用電(dian)(dian)(dian)，降(jiang)低能(neng)耗；當車輛電(dian)(dian)(dian)量低于(yu)(yu)設置值(zhi)時，車輛行駛時會有一部(bu)分動力(li)用于(yu)(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量上升，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高或者(zhe)過低都(dou)會(hui)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)活性(xing)，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的(de)(de)物理損(sun)傷，最終影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)壽命，而BMS能夠為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)營造良(liang)好的(de)(de)運(yun)行環境。比如在寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)效率降低，這個時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)加熱(re)系統來讓電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)使其達到舒(shu)適的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)環境；如果(guo)在夏季或者(zhe)是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發熱(re)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)冷(leng)卻(que)系統為(wei)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)降溫(wen)(wen)，利用(yong)智(zhi)能溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)系統大大提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充電(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)池系統允許充電(dian)(dian)的(de)單體(ti)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)總電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)溫度、當(dang)前允許充電(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)信(xin)息與(yu)充電(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)進行交互，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池系統按照適(shi)配的(de)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充電(dian)(dian)方法進行充電(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)(gao)位后，BMS會限制充電(dian)(dian)，進入到“涓流(liu)模式(shi)”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)芯真(zhen)正飽和、延(yan)長(chang)使(shi)用壽命(ming)），直到充電(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)(zui)后斷(duan)開連(lian)接。

此外(wai)，BMS還會起到“均(jun)(jun)衡管(guan)理(li)”的(de)(de)作用，減小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從而(er)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性(xing)。這是(shi)因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先天因素或者工作溫度不(bu)(bu)一致(zhi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有不(bu)(bu)同，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出現不(bu)(bu)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)情況，比如有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，有的(de)(de)卻還沒有充(chong)滿(man)。BMS系統(tong)可以(yi)起到調節作用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以(yi)同時完(wan)成，比如通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達(da)到和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達(da)到整體(ti)均(jun)(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故(gu)障信(xin)息(xi)進(jin)行(xing)分析，通過相關策(ce)略對電池系統進(jin)行(xing)保護和控制，同時讓(rang)故(gu)障燈(deng)點亮(liang)以便(bian)提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功(gong)能(neng)(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)(neng)起到(dao)故(gu)障(zhang)診斷的(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。BMS會根據電(dian)芯參數和電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統功(gong)能(neng)(neng)制定相應的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)閾值表，BMS通過故(gu)障(zhang)閾值表對電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統進行(xing)保護并上報(bao)故(gu)障(zhang)類型，方便后期的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)排查以(yi)及檢修維護。