一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的(de)朋友對(dui)ESP（車身電(dian)子穩定系(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死(si)制動(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引力控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)）等(deng)車載系(xi)(xi)統(tong)不會感(gan)到陌生，在(zai)新能源車上還有(you)一個非常重(zhong)要的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它就是(shi)BMS（電(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)），它又(you)叫電(dian)池管(guan)家，那么它有(you)什么作(zuo)用呢？

據(ju)了解，新能源汽車上的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管家是一個(ge)很龐大的(de)(de)軟硬件集合(he)體，包括傳感器、中央處(chu)理器、執行(xing)機構等，它的(de)(de)作用主要是采集動力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)壓、溫(wen)度、電(dian)流、電(dian)阻(zu)等數據(ju)，然后分析(xi)數據(ju)狀態(tai)(tai)和(he)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用環境，對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)系統充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)過(guo)程進行(xing)監測和(he)控制，從而保證(zheng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)在安全的(de)(de)工作區間內，提(ti)供車輛(liang)控制所需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)必需(xu)(xu)信息(xi)，在出現異(yi)常時(shi)及時(shi)響應(ying)并(bing)進行(xing)處(chu)理，它也(ye)會根據(ju)環境溫(wen)度、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀態(tai)(tai)及車輛(liang)需(xu)(xu)求等決定電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)功率(lv)等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池管理(li)系統是對電(dian)池進行監控與(yu)控制的(de)系統，將采(cai)集(ji)的(de)電(dian)池信息(xi)實時反(fan)饋給(gei)用戶，同時根據采(cai)集(ji)的(de)信息(xi)調(diao)節參(can)數，充分發揮電(dian)池的(de)性能，其功能主(zhu)要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池狀態分析最常(chang)見的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)動力電(dian)池系統荷(he)電(dian)狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實(shi)指的(de)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)池剩余(yu)電(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)池容量(liang)的(de)百分比(bi)。

SOC估算(suan)(suan)是BMS的(de)核心功能，同時也是評估電動車續航(hang)里程的(de)主要參數。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個電池(chi)包(bao)的(de)傳(chuan)感器(qi)檢測電池(chi)參數（電壓、電流和溫度(du)等）信(xin)息，有的(de)電壓傳(chuan)感器(qi)精度(du)非(fei)常高，1mv的(de)變化都可(ke)(ke)以被識(shi)別(bie)出(chu)來(lai)，由(you)于探測的(de)信(xin)息準確外加優秀(xiu)的(de)算(suan)(suan)法處理，電池(chi)的(de)剩余電量就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以被非(fei)常準確的(de)計算(suan)(suan)出(chu)來(lai)。

在(zai)日常用車過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，車主(zhu)可以通過中(zhong)(zhong)控屏(ping)自主(zhu)設置SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以理解成車輛電量(liang)平衡的目標值(zhi)。當(dang)車輛電量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)設置值(zhi)時(shi)，系(xi)統動力分配(pei)會優先用電，降低(di)(di)能耗；當(dang)車輛電量(liang)低(di)(di)于(yu)設置值(zhi)時(shi)，車輛行駛時(shi)會有一部分動力用于(yu)發電使電量(liang)上升，以保證(zheng)用電需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)溫(wen)度過高(gao)或者(zhe)過低都(dou)會影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活性，甚至會造(zao)成不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池營造(zao)良好(hao)的(de)(de)運行環(huan)境。比(bi)如(ru)在寒(han)冷(leng)的(de)(de)地區(qu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降(jiang)低，這個時候BMS會調用(yong)加(jia)熱(re)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)來讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)使(shi)其達到舒(shu)適的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境；如(ru)果在夏季或者(zhe)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱(re)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會調用(yong)冷(leng)卻系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降(jiang)溫(wen)，利(li)用(yong)智能溫(wen)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)大(da)大(da)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單體最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高溫度(du)、當前(qian)允許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC以及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等信(xin)息與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)(jin)行交互，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)按(an)照適配的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于(yu)高位后(hou)，BMS會(hui)(hui)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)“涓流(liu)模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和、延長(chang)使用壽命(ming)），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)后(hou)斷開(kai)連(lian)接。

此外，BMS還(huan)會起到“均衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差(cha)，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)性。這是因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先(xian)天(tian)因素或者工(gong)作(zuo)溫(wen)度不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)各有不(bu)同，所以在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量會出現不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，比如有的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還(huan)沒有充滿(man)。BMS系統可以起到調(diao)節(jie)作(zuo)用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以同時完成，比如通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達到和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，最終達到整(zheng)體(ti)均衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故(gu)障信息進行分析(xi)，通過相關策略對電(dian)池系統進行保護和控制，同時讓(rang)故(gu)障燈點亮以便(bian)提醒(xing)車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信功(gong)能外，BMS還能起(qi)到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)診斷的功(gong)能。BMS會根據電(dian)芯參數和電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統功(gong)能制定相應的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)閾(yu)值表，BMS通過故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)閾(yu)值表對電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統進行保護并(bing)上報故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)類型，方便(bian)后期(qi)的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)排查以及檢(jian)修(xiu)維護。