一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉(xi)汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電子穩定系(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死(si)制(zhi)動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引力控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)）等(deng)車載系(xi)統(tong)不會感到陌(mo)生，在(zai)新能源車上還有一個非(fei)常(chang)重要的系(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電池(chi)管(guan)理(li)系(xi)統(tong)），它(ta)又叫電池(chi)管(guan)家，那(nei)么(me)它(ta)有什么(me)作用(yong)呢？

據(ju)了解，新(xin)能源汽車(che)上的電(dian)池管家是(shi)一個很龐大的軟硬件集合體，包(bao)括傳感器(qi)(qi)、中央處理器(qi)(qi)、執行機構等，它(ta)的作用主要是(shi)采集動力電(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的電(dian)壓、溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)流、電(dian)阻等數(shu)(shu)據(ju)，然后分析數(shu)(shu)據(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)池使(shi)用環境(jing)，對電(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)充放電(dian)過程進行監測和(he)控制(zhi)，從而保證電(dian)池組在(zai)安全的工作區(qu)間(jian)內(nei)，提供車(che)輛控制(zhi)所需的必需信息，在(zai)出現(xian)異常(chang)時及(ji)時響(xiang)應并進行處理，它(ta)也會根據(ju)環境(jing)溫度(du)(du)、電(dian)池狀態及(ji)車(che)輛需求等決定電(dian)池的充放電(dian)功(gong)率等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池(chi)管理系統是(shi)對(dui)電池(chi)進行監(jian)控與(yu)控制的系統，將(jiang)采(cai)集(ji)的電池(chi)信(xin)息(xi)實時反饋(kui)給用戶，同時根據采(cai)集(ji)的信(xin)息(xi)調節(jie)參數(shu)，充(chong)分發(fa)揮電池(chi)的性能，其功能主要(yao)有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀態分(fen)析最常見的一種(zhong)就(jiu)是動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態（SOC）估(gu)算，SOC其實指的就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量的百分(fen)比。

SOC估算是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)(de)核心功(gong)能，同時也是(shi)評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)動車(che)續航里(li)程的(de)(de)(de)主要參(can)數(shu)。BMS通過遍布整個電(dian)(dian)池包(bao)的(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)(gan)器檢測電(dian)(dian)池參(can)數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du)等）信(xin)息(xi)，有的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓傳感(gan)(gan)器精(jing)度(du)非常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)(de)變化都可(ke)以被識(shi)別出來，由(you)于探測的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)準確外加優秀的(de)(de)(de)算法處理，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可(ke)以被非常(chang)準確的(de)(de)(de)計算出來。

在(zai)日常(chang)用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)過程中，車(che)(che)主(zhu)可以(yi)(yi)通過中控屏自(zi)主(zhu)設置(zhi)SOC，SOC目(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)(yi)理解成(cheng)車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)平衡的目(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)。當車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)高于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時，系統(tong)動力分配(pei)會(hui)優(you)先用(yong)(yong)電，降低能耗；當車(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)低于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時，車(che)(che)輛(liang)行駛時會(hui)有一部分動力用(yong)(yong)于發電使電量(liang)上(shang)升，以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證用(yong)(yong)電需(xu)要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫(wen)度過(guo)(guo)高或者過(guo)(guo)低都會(hui)(hui)(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯的活性，甚至會(hui)(hui)(hui)造成不可(ke)逆的物(wu)理(li)損(sun)傷(shang)，最(zui)終(zhong)影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯壽(shou)命(ming)，而BMS能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)為電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)營造良好的運(yun)行環(huan)境。比如在寒冷(leng)的地(di)區，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)效率降低，這個時(shi)候BMS會(hui)(hui)(hui)調(diao)用加熱(re)系(xi)統來讓電(dian)(dian)芯升溫(wen)使其達到舒適的充電(dian)(dian)環(huan)境；如果在夏季或者是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)發(fa)熱(re)的情況(kuang)下，BMS會(hui)(hui)(hui)調(diao)用冷(leng)卻系(xi)統為電(dian)(dian)芯降溫(wen)，利用智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)溫(wen)控系(xi)統大大提高電(dian)(dian)芯的使用壽(shou)命(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)允(yun)許充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單體最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)溫度、當(dang)前(qian)允(yun)許充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等信息與充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)進(jin)行交互(hu)，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統(tong)按照(zhao)適(shi)配(pei)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)處于高(gao)(gao)位后，BMS會限制充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)入到“涓流模(mo)式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真(zhen)正飽和、延長(chang)使用壽(shou)命），直(zhi)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)(zui)(zui)后斷開連接。

此外，BMS還會(hui)起到(dao)(dao)“均(jun)衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)致性。這是(shi)因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由(you)于先天因素或者工(gong)作溫(wen)度不一(yi)致，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)(you)不同(tong)，所以在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會(hui)出現不一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，比如有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)(you)充滿。BMS系統可(ke)以起到(dao)(dao)調節作用(yong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)以同(tong)時完成，比如通過(guo)旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達(da)到(dao)(dao)和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終達(da)到(dao)(dao)整體(ti)均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能(neng)對(dui)故障信息進(jin)行(xing)分析，通過相關策略(lve)對(dui)電池系統進(jin)行(xing)保護和控制(zhi)，同時讓(rang)故障燈點(dian)亮(liang)以便提醒車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除了(le)通信功(gong)能外，BMS還能起到故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷的(de)功(gong)能。BMS會(hui)根(gen)據電(dian)芯參數和電(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)功(gong)能制定相應的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾(yu)值表(biao)，BMS通過故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾(yu)值表(biao)對電(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行保護(hu)并(bing)上報故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類型(xing)，方便后期的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排查以及檢修維護(hu)。