一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電(dian)子穩定(ding)系(xi)(xi)統）、ABS（防(fang)抱死制動系(xi)(xi)統）、TCS（牽引力控制系(xi)(xi)統）等車載系(xi)(xi)統不會感到陌生，在新能源車上還(huan)有一個(ge)非常重要(yao)的系(xi)(xi)統，它就(jiu)是BMS（電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)(xi)統），它又叫電(dian)池管家，那么(me)它有什么(me)作用呢(ni)？

據了(le)解，新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管家是一個很龐大的(de)軟硬件集合體，包括傳感器、中央處(chu)理(li)器、執行(xing)(xing)機(ji)構等，它的(de)作用主(zhu)要是采集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等數據，然后分析數據狀(zhuang)態和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用環(huan)境，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)監測和(he)(he)控(kong)制，從而保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組在安全(quan)的(de)工作區間內，提供車輛(liang)控(kong)制所需(xu)(xu)的(de)必需(xu)(xu)信息，在出現異常(chang)時(shi)及(ji)時(shi)響應并進行(xing)(xing)處(chu)理(li)，它也會根據環(huan)境溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池狀(zhuang)態及(ji)車輛(liang)需(xu)(xu)求等決(jue)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池(chi)管理系統(tong)是對電(dian)池(chi)進行監控與控制(zhi)的系統(tong)，將采集(ji)的電(dian)池(chi)信息(xi)實(shi)時(shi)反饋給用戶，同時(shi)根據采集(ji)的信息(xi)調節參數(shu)，充分發揮(hui)電(dian)池(chi)的性能，其功能主要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態分析最常見的(de)一種就(jiu)是動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量的(de)百分比。

SOC估算(suan)是BMS的(de)核心功(gong)能，同時(shi)也是評估電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車續航(hang)里程的(de)主要參數。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)傳感器檢測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度等）信息，有的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感器精度非(fei)常(chang)高，1mv的(de)變(bian)化都可以被識別出(chu)來(lai)，由于探測的(de)信息準(zhun)確外加優秀的(de)算(suan)法處理，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)量就可以被非(fei)常(chang)準(zhun)確的(de)計算(suan)出(chu)來(lai)。

在日常用(yong)(yong)車(che)過程中(zhong)，車(che)主可(ke)以(yi)通過中(zhong)控屏自主設置(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)理解成車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)量(liang)平衡的目標值(zhi)(zhi)。當車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)量(liang)高于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時，系統(tong)動力分配會優(you)先用(yong)(yong)電(dian)，降低能耗；當車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)量(liang)低于設置(zhi)值(zhi)(zhi)時，車(che)輛(liang)行(xing)駛時會有(you)一(yi)部分動力用(yong)(yong)于發電(dian)使電(dian)量(liang)上升，以(yi)保證用(yong)(yong)電(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)溫度過高或(huo)者過低都會(hui)(hui)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)活性(xing)，甚至會(hui)(hui)造成不可逆的(de)物理損(sun)傷，最終影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽命(ming)(ming)，而BMS能夠為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池營造良好的(de)運行環境。比如(ru)在寒(han)冷(leng)(leng)的(de)地區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降低，這個時候BMS會(hui)(hui)調(diao)用(yong)加熱系(xi)統(tong)來(lai)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫使其達到(dao)舒適的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)環境；如(ru)果在夏季或(huo)者是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱的(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會(hui)(hui)調(diao)用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統(tong)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫，利用(yong)智能溫控系(xi)統(tong)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高溫度、當前允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等信(xin)息與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)行(xing)交互，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統按照適配(pei)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于(yu)高位后，BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)入(ru)到(dao)“涓流模(mo)式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)真正(zheng)飽(bao)和(he)、延(yan)長使用(yong)壽命），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束(shu)最(zui)后斷開連接。

此外，BMS還(huan)會起到(dao)“均(jun)衡(heng)管理”的作(zuo)用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的一(yi)致性。這是因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于先(xian)天(tian)因(yin)素或者工作(zuo)溫度不一(yi)致，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有(you)不同，所以在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出現不一(yi)致的情(qing)況(kuang)，比如(ru)有(you)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的卻還(huan)沒有(you)充(chong)滿。BMS系統可(ke)以起到(dao)調節作(zuo)用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)以同時完成，比如(ru)通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較(jiao)高的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達到(dao)和其他(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相同的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最(zui)終(zhong)達到(dao)整體均(jun)衡(heng)。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故(gu)障(zhang)信息進行分析，通過相關策略(lve)對電池(chi)系統進行保(bao)護和(he)控制，同時讓(rang)故(gu)障(zhang)燈點亮(liang)以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了通信(xin)功能外(wai)，BMS還能起(qi)到故障(zhang)診斷的(de)功能。BMS會根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)(dian)芯參(can)數(shu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統功能制(zhi)定相應的(de)故障(zhang)閾值(zhi)(zhi)表，BMS通過故障(zhang)閾值(zhi)(zhi)表對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統進行(xing)保護并上(shang)報故障(zhang)類型，方便后期的(de)故障(zhang)排查以(yi)及檢修維護。