一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電(dian)子穩(wen)定(ding)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）、TCS（牽引力(li)控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)）等車載系(xi)統(tong)(tong)不會感到陌生(sheng)，在新能源車上還有(you)一個非(fei)常(chang)重要的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)），它(ta)又(you)叫電(dian)池管(guan)家(jia)，那么它(ta)有(you)什么作(zuo)用呢？

據(ju)(ju)了解，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽車上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是一個很龐大的(de)(de)軟硬(ying)件集(ji)合體(ti)，包括(kuo)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、中央處理器(qi)(qi)、執行(xing)機(ji)構等(deng)(deng)，它的(de)(de)作用主(zhu)要是采集(ji)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)(deng)數據(ju)(ju)，然后分析(xi)數據(ju)(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用環境(jing)，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)過程進行(xing)監(jian)測和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，從而保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在安全的(de)(de)工作區間(jian)內，提(ti)供車輛(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)所需的(de)(de)必需信息(xi)，在出現異常時及時響應并進行(xing)處理，它也會根據(ju)(ju)環境(jing)溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態及車輛(liang)需求等(deng)(deng)決定(ding)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理系統(tong)是對(dui)電池進行監控(kong)與(yu)控(kong)制的系統(tong)，將(jiang)采集的電池信息(xi)(xi)實時反饋給用(yong)戶，同時根據采集的信息(xi)(xi)調節參數，充(chong)分(fen)發揮電池的性能(neng)，其功(gong)能(neng)主要有：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)池(chi)狀態分(fen)析最常見的一(yi)種就是動力電(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)荷電(dian)狀態（SOC）估算(suan)，SOC其(qi)實指的就是電(dian)池(chi)剩(sheng)余電(dian)量和電(dian)池(chi)容量的百分(fen)比。

SOC估算(suan)是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)核心功能(neng)，同時(shi)也是(shi)評(ping)估電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車續(xu)航里程的(de)(de)主要參數。BMS通過遍布(bu)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池包(bao)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢測電(dian)(dian)池參數（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫(wen)度等）信息(xi)，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳(chuan)感(gan)器精度非(fei)常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)變(bian)化都可以被識(shi)別出來(lai)，由于探測的(de)(de)信息(xi)準確外(wai)加優秀的(de)(de)算(suan)法處(chu)理，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可以被非(fei)常(chang)準確的(de)(de)計算(suan)出來(lai)。

在日常用車(che)過(guo)程中(zhong)，車(che)主(zhu)可以(yi)通過(guo)中(zhong)控屏自主(zhu)設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以(yi)理(li)解成車(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)平衡的目標值(zhi)。當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)高(gao)于(yu)設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，系統動力分配(pei)會優先用電，降低能耗；當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)(liang)低于(yu)設置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)值(zhi)時(shi)，車(che)輛(liang)行駛時(shi)會有(you)一部分動力用于(yu)發電使(shi)電量(liang)(liang)上升，以(yi)保證用電需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫度(du)過高(gao)或者過低都(dou)會影響電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活性，甚至會造成(cheng)不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能夠為電(dian)池(chi)營造良好的(de)(de)運行環(huan)境。比如(ru)在寒冷的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)效率降低，這個時候BMS會調(diao)用(yong)加(jia)熱系統來讓電(dian)芯(xin)升(sheng)溫使其達到舒適的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)環(huan)境；如(ru)果在夏季或者是電(dian)池(chi)發熱的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會調(diao)用(yong)冷卻(que)系統為電(dian)芯(xin)降溫，利(li)用(yong)智能溫控系統大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統允(yun)許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)溫(wen)度(du)、當(dang)前(qian)允(yun)許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進行(xing)交(jiao)互，從而使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統按(an)照適配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位(wei)后，BMS會限制充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入(ru)到“涓流模式”（使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和(he)、延長使(shi)(shi)用壽命(ming)），直(zhi)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束最(zui)(zui)后斷(duan)開(kai)連接。

此外，BMS還會(hui)(hui)起(qi)到“均衡管理(li)”的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性。這(zhe)是因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先天因素或者工作(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)不(bu)(bu)一致(zhi)，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，所以在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會(hui)(hui)出現不(bu)(bu)一致(zhi)的(de)(de)情(qing)況，比如(ru)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)(you)充(chong)滿。BMS系統(tong)可(ke)(ke)以起(qi)到調(diao)節(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)用，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可(ke)(ke)以同(tong)時(shi)完成，比如(ru)通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其達到和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最(zui)終達到整體(ti)均衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信息進行分析，通過相關策略對電(dian)池(chi)系統進行保護和控制，同時(shi)讓故障燈點亮以便提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除(chu)了(le)通(tong)信功能外，BMS還能起到故(gu)(gu)障診(zhen)斷的(de)功能。BMS會根據電(dian)芯參(can)數和電(dian)池系統(tong)功能制定相應的(de)故(gu)(gu)障閾值表(biao)，BMS通(tong)過故(gu)(gu)障閾值表(biao)對電(dian)池系統(tong)進行保護并(bing)上報故(gu)(gu)障類型，方(fang)便后期的(de)故(gu)(gu)障排(pai)查以及檢修維(wei)護。