主要景點
清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛觀(guan)共(gong)有(you)(you)十座建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),前(qian)后三(san)(san)(san)進院(yuan)(yuan)落,在中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)牌樓、山門、龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、純陽宮、玉(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)院(yuan)(yuan)門牌樓,豎于兩(liang)柱(zhu),并由八字(zi)形(xing)叉柱(zhu)穩固,上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)乾隆(long)三(san)(san)(san)十六(liu)年題"清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛仙跡"的(de)(de)匾額(e)。龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)元代(dai)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)、明(ming)代(dai)重(zhong)修,龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)六(liu)椽(chuan),采用"懸梁(liang)吊(diao)柱(zhu)"的(de)(de)奇(qi)特結構,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)面(mian)東西(xi)廊(lang)分(fen)塑青龍、白虎(hu)二神像,高(gao)達5米(mi),骨骼雄健,怒(nu)目而視(shi),手持戟劍(jian),神態勇猛,體(ti)態完好,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)代(dai)作品(pin)(pin)。壁上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)青龍、白虎(hu)形(xing)象,其中(zhong)白虎(hu)抽(chou)象造形(xing)頗奇(qi)特,這組塑像為(wei)(wei)(wei)元塑中(zhong)不(bu)可多得的(de)(de)佳品(pin)(pin)。三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于明(ming)萬歷(li)年間(jian)(jian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于中(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)北面(mian),面(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)椽(chuan),上(shang)(shang)起五(wu)脊(ji)六(liu)獸歇山項,結構奇(qi)特,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)高(gao)大壯觀(guan),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)等(deng)泥(ni)塑已蕩然無存(cun),僅殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)西(xi)側豎記述元代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蒙文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東西(xi)兩(liang)旁(pang)各(ge)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)。三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)高(gao)臺基上(shang)(shang)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)包廈接卷棚頂(ding),即獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。閣(ge)內(nei)樓上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)呂洞(dong)(dong)賓泥(ni)塑,又名(ming)純陽宮。純陽宮重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒年間(jian)(jian),時代(dai)屬(shu)晚,裝修頗精,觀(guan)內(nei)遺存(cun)宋、元、明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)(qing)碑(bei)(bei)碣近30通(tong)(tong),是(shi)研(yan)究道(dao)教史跡和(he)書法藝術的(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)。中(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)東西(xi)各(ge)有(you)(you)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian),院(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)左右各(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)小碑(bei)(bei)房一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)。 三(san)(san)(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后即為(wei)(wei)(wei)后院(yuan)(yuan),正位十字(zi)式拱窯(yao)(yao)(yao)3間(jian)(jian),供真武及二侍(shi)者塑像;窯(yao)(yao)(yao)頂(ding)原有(you)(you)玉(yu)皇(huang)閣(ge)5間(jian)(jian),回(hui)廊(lang)環繞,明(ming)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造,清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)后期毀于火災。后院(yuan)(yuan)東、西(xi)兩(liang)廊(lang),各(ge)有(you)(you)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)洞(dong)(dong)5間(jian)(jian)加前(qian)廊(lang),為(wei)(wei)(wei)當年羽上(shang)(shang)庫廚和(he)迎客之所。
龍虎殿
龍虎殿(dian)是(shi)清虛觀(guan)的(de)山門(men),修(xiu)建于元代初年(nian)。山門(men)在道家(jia)眼中(zhong)象征三(san)界,跨入山門(men),就意味著跳出了三(san)界,不受世俗(su)的(de)煩(fan)擾,可以(yi)清靜(jing)修(xiu)煉(lian)。
山門龍(long)虎(hu)殿,元(yuan)代風格建筑。面闊(kuo)五間(jian),進深四(si)(si)椽,體量宏大(da)(da)。柱子(zi)排列規整,柱頭收分明(ming)顯(xian),傾角(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu),柱頭帶(dai)卷剎(cha),柱楚表面,柱子(zi)用料碩大(da)(da),給人以(yi)宏大(da)(da)厚重的(de)感覺。屋檐斗拱(gong)四(si)(si)鋪(pu)作,補間(jian)一雜,結構(gou)粗大(da)(da),造型美觀。梁架(jia)四(si)(si)椽栿(fa),梁架(jia)四(si)(si)角(jiao)(jiao)置抹角(jiao)(jiao)梁于(yu)二(er)層井口枋上,以(yi)“懸梁吊柱法(fa)(fa)”承托平梁與老角(jiao)(jiao)梁后尾,這(zhe)一地方建筑手法(fa)(fa)引起(qi)了許多人駐足深思;這(zhe)種(zhong)作法(fa)(fa),既省料,又擴大(da)(da)了室內(nei)空(kong)間(jian),同時(shi),也(ye)體現了元(yuan)代建筑風格中的(de)靈活多變,大(da)(da)膽創新。
屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)形式是(shi)(shi)歇山(shan)頂(ding)(ding),也叫九脊(ji)頂(ding)(ding),正脊(ji)與(yu)垂脊(ji)交界處的(de)(de)(de)(de)“吻獸”,既能起連接作用(yong),又可(ke)裝飾(shi)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding),更重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)表達人(ren)(ren)(ren)們一種美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望(wang)--“興水滅火”。屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)琉璃瓦(wa)與(yu)灰瓦(wa)相間的(de)(de)(de)(de)手法(fa),看來清(qing)麗不俗,可(ke)見琉璃瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong),能夠(gou)增加色彩變(bian)化,增強(qiang)建筑(zhu)物(wu)金碧輝煌、莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)大方的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術效果(guo);屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)檐(yan)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)當(dang)、滴水,不禁(jin)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)聯想到雨(yu)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)“雨(yu)滴臺階下,人(ren)(ren)(ren)在屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中憩”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)學意境;屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)檐(yan)出(chu)檐(yan)深遠(yuan),影響室內(nei)采光,因而飛起屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)四角,斯(si)翼如飛的(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子,使(shi)(shi)沉重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頂(ding)(ding)顯得更加生動有(you)力,飄(piao)逸(yi)輕盈。整個龍虎(hu)殿(dian)給人(ren)(ren)(ren)一種孔武有(you)力、粗獷率真的(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺,恰似當(dang)年(nian)橫掃亞歐的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)性(xing)格,使(shi)(shi)建筑(zhu)美(mei)和人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)向往在這(zhe)里(li)形成完(wan)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫卷,達到“天人(ren)(ren)(ren)合一”。檐(yan)下是(shi)(shi)兩尊具有(you)元代風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩塑;東青(qing)龍、西白(bai)虎(hu),它們是(shi)(shi)道教(jiao)(jiao)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)守(shou)護(hu)神(shen),既保護(hu)寺院,又教(jiao)(jiao)導人(ren)(ren)(ren)們皈依(yi)道教(jiao)(jiao)。通高達5米,面(mian)部圓潤(run),劍眉怒(nu)目,鼻翼擴張(zhang),手握兵器,兩手撐開,大塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)體量和舒展的(de)(de)(de)(de)加熱表現他(ta)們魁(kui)梧(wu)剛健的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣魄,氣吞山(shan)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣概,與(yu)周身(shen)飄(piao)舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩帶互相襯托、對比,更體現出(chu)武士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)英氣內(nei)斂,內(nei)張(zhang)外馳的(de)(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)面(mian)貌(mao),增強(qiang)作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)感染(ran)力、生命(ming)力,仿佛站在我們面(mian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)不再是(shi)(shi)冰(bing)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)士(shi),而是(shi)(shi)活(huo)生生、有(you)血肉的(de)(de)(de)(de)門神(shen)武士(shi)。
純陽宮
純陽宮(gong)“純陽”二字,為(wei)洞賓之號,“宮(gong)”為(wei)祀奉神(shen)仙的(de)宮(gong)殿。純陽宮(gong),因(yin)供奉呂洞賓而得名(ming)。
純陽(yang)宮建在觀中甬道盡(jin)頭的高高月臺上。面寬(kuan)三(san)間(jian),六檁卷(juan)棚式(shi),懸山(shan)頂,前有(you)抱廈,斗拱(gong)五踩(cai),雙昂(ang),補間(jian)一攢,屋面裝(zhuang)飾繁(fan)官,色彩(cai)華(hua)麗,整體風格趨于(yu)小巧輕盈,而又(you)有(you)幾分(fen)柔性之美。
純(chun)陽(yang)宮內(nei)設有(you)神龕(kan)。金形泥質(zhi)、道骨仙風的呂神端坐神龕(kan)內(nei)。由(you)于呂祖高高在上,人們必須仰(yang)(yang)視才(cai)可觀(guan)其貌,更可以體現(xian)出人們對呂洞(dong)賓(bin)的敬(jing)仰(yang)(yang)之(zhi)情。據《縣志(zhi)》載:呂洞(dong)賓(bin)在清代(dai)時曾有(you)清虛觀(guan)顯靈,留下(xia)“
一(yi)心二(er)人仁”的仙跡在玉皇閣(ge)柱子上,因(yin)此清代知縣增修(xiu)這精巧典(dian)雅的純陽宮供奉(feng)呂(lv)祖。千百年來,這里(li)香火一(yi)直綿延不(bu)絕,尤其是每年四(si)月十四(si),呂(lv)仙誕辰,更是香客如云,極大地縮短了清靜道觀與喧鬧世俗間的距離。
純陽宮(gong)外的楹聯:“一(yi)元道(dao)氣遠超天(tian)地外,三(san)十(shi)功(gong)名常伴夢幻中(zhong)”,將道(dao)教(jiao)追求的祥(xiang)和(he)超然一(yi)語道(dao)破,清(qing)代石獅(shi)、道(dao)符(fu),端立宮(gong)外,鎮(zhen)宅避邪(xie)。
整座(zuo)宮殿,成為清虛觀的(de)主體(ti)建筑之一,也是道教(jiao)文(wen)化體(ti)系的(de)見證之一,更(geng)是研究(jiu)道教(jiao)文(wen)化的(de)實例所(suo)在。
三(san)清殿在純陽宮后面,面闊5間(jian),進深9椽(chuan),單檐(yan)歇山頂,四檐(yan)斗拱(gong)五踩,補間(jian)一攢,內、外(wai)檐(yan)斗拱(gong)做法相同。拱(gong)眼壁上懸塑龍鳳,若飛若動。殿頂琉璃方(fang)心、剪邊(bian)。殿內梁枋間(jian)有“大明萬(wan)歷二十(shi)八(ba)年(1600)重修”題記。神(shen)臺上原有“三(san)清真人(ren)”、“二十(shi)八(ba)宿”神(shen)像。
三清殿(dian)(dian)兩側有東、西耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)各(ge)3間(jian),原供“三官”、“四(si)圣(sheng)”、“五(wu)岳”、“四(si)瀆”;東、西廊殿(dian)(dian)各(ge)11間(jian),硬山頂造,原供“九天(tian)圣(sheng)母”、“九曜星君(jun)”、“七十四(si)司”。民(min)國18年(1929),耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)及廊殿(dian)(dian)的(de)塑像均(jun)遭毀壞(huai)。
在三清殿內豎立有(you)一透靈神(shen)碑(bei),原叫蒙漢碑(bei),通高(gao)205厘米、寬90厘米、厚23厘米,為元代(dai)作品,距今(jin)已有(you)七(qi)百多(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)歷史。碑(bei)之正背兩面(mian)都刻有(you)文字(zi)、記錄(lu)著成吉思汗(han)的(de)(de)(de)豐功偉績(ji),正面(mian)文字(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)蒙古國初期(qi)沿用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)八(ba)思巴文記錄(lu) ;背面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)漢文楷書對此(ci)碑(bei)正面(mian)記錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)翻(fan)譯(yi) ,故(gu)稱蒙漢碑(bei)。此(ci)碑(bei)質地多(duo)瑪瑙石沉積而成, 石碑(bei)表(biao)面(mian)光滑透亮,觸摸(mo)涼爽,多(duo)有(you)觀光游覽(lan)的(de)(de)(de)善男信(xin)女用(yong)于接(jie)摸(mo)其(qi)上,頓感一股奇(qi)特的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)仙(xian)靈氣,這無(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)很(hen)(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)慰藉(jie),故(gu)俗稱“透靈”碑(bei)。據專家(jia)考證 ,這種(zhong)碑(bei)保(bao)存下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)現已屈指可數,它既是(shi)(shi)(shi)信(xin)奉者很(hen)(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)依(yi)托,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)研究蒙古歷史文化(hua)極其(qi)珍貴的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)物資料。