主要景點
清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛觀(guan)共有(you)(you)(you)十座建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),前后(hou)三(san)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)落,在中(zhong)軸線上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)牌樓、山(shan)門(men)、龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)院(yuan)門(men)牌樓,豎于(yu)兩柱(zhu)(zhu),并由八字形(xing)叉柱(zhu)(zhu)穩固,上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)乾隆三(san)十六(liu)(liu)年(nian)題"清(qing)(qing)(qing)虛仙跡"的匾(bian)額。龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均為元(yuan)代(dai)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、明代(dai)重(zhong)修,龍虎(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)六(liu)(liu)椽(chuan),采(cai)用(yong)"懸(xuan)梁(liang)吊柱(zhu)(zhu)"的奇(qi)(qi)特結構,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)東西廊分(fen)塑青龍、白虎(hu)二神像,高(gao)達5米,骨骼(ge)雄健,怒(nu)目而視,手持戟劍,神態勇(yong)猛,體態完(wan)好,為明代(dai)作品。壁上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)青龍、白虎(hu)形(xing)象(xiang),其(qi)中(zhong)白虎(hu)抽象(xiang)造形(xing)頗奇(qi)(qi)特,這組塑像為元(yuan)塑中(zhong)不可多(duo)得的佳品。三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于(yu)明萬歷年(nian)間(jian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)中(zhong)院(yuan)北面(mian)(mian)(mian),面(mian)(mian)(mian)寬五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)十一(yi)椽(chuan),上(shang)(shang)起(qi)五(wu)脊六(liu)(liu)獸歇山(shan)項,結構奇(qi)(qi)特,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)高(gao)大壯(zhuang)觀(guan),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)等泥塑已蕩然(ran)無存(cun)(cun),僅(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)西側豎記述元(yuan)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蒙文碑(bei)一(yi)通。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東西兩旁各(ge)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)。三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前高(gao)臺基上(shang)(shang)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處包(bao)廈接卷棚頂,即獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。閣內(nei)(nei)樓上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)呂洞(dong)賓(bin)泥塑,又(you)名(ming)純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)。純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)光緒(xu)年(nian)間(jian),時代(dai)屬晚(wan),裝修頗精(jing),觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)遺存(cun)(cun)宋、元(yuan)、明、清(qing)(qing)(qing)碑(bei)碣近30通,是研究道教史跡和書法藝術的珍品。中(zhong)院(yuan)東西各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十一(yi)間(jian),院(yuan)中(zhong)通道左右各(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)小碑(bei)房一(yi)處。 三(san)清(qing)(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后(hou)即為后(hou)院(yuan),正位十字式(shi)拱窯3間(jian),供真武(wu)及二侍者塑像;窯頂原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)玉皇(huang)閣5間(jian),回廊環繞,明代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造,清(qing)(qing)(qing)代(dai)后(hou)期毀于(yu)火災。后(hou)院(yuan)東、西兩廊,各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)窯洞(dong)5間(jian)加前廊,為當年(nian)羽上(shang)(shang)庫廚和迎客之(zhi)所。
龍虎殿
龍虎殿(dian)是清虛(xu)觀的山(shan)門(men),修(xiu)建(jian)于元代初(chu)年。山(shan)門(men)在道家眼中象征三界(jie),跨(kua)入山(shan)門(men),就意(yi)味著跳(tiao)出了三界(jie),不受(shou)世(shi)俗的煩擾,可以清靜修(xiu)煉。
山門龍虎殿,元(yuan)代風(feng)格建筑。面闊五間(jian),進深四(si)(si)椽(chuan),體量宏大(da)(da)(da)。柱(zhu)子排列規整,柱(zhu)頭(tou)收分明顯(xian)(xian),傾(qing)角(jiao)顯(xian)(xian)著,柱(zhu)頭(tou)帶卷(juan)剎,柱(zhu)楚(chu)表面,柱(zhu)子用料碩(shuo)大(da)(da)(da),給人以宏大(da)(da)(da)厚重(zhong)的(de)感覺。屋檐斗拱四(si)(si)鋪作,補間(jian)一雜,結構粗大(da)(da)(da),造型(xing)美觀。梁(liang)架四(si)(si)椽(chuan)栿,梁(liang)架四(si)(si)角(jiao)置抹(mo)角(jiao)梁(liang)于(yu)二層井口枋上(shang),以“懸梁(liang)吊柱(zhu)法(fa)”承托平梁(liang)與老角(jiao)梁(liang)后尾(wei),這一地方(fang)建筑手法(fa)引起了(le)(le)許多人駐足深思;這種作法(fa),既省(sheng)料,又擴大(da)(da)(da)了(le)(le)室內(nei)空間(jian),同時,也(ye)體現了(le)(le)元(yuan)代建筑風(feng)格中的(de)靈活多變(bian),大(da)(da)(da)膽創新。
屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)形式是(shi)(shi)歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding),也(ye)叫九脊頂(ding)(ding),正脊與垂脊交界處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“吻獸”,既能起連(lian)接作用(yong),又(you)可裝(zhuang)飾屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding),更(geng)(geng)(geng)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)表達(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)們(men)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)美(mei)(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望--“興水(shui)滅火”。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)上琉璃(li)瓦(wa)與灰瓦(wa)相(xiang)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手法,看來清麗不(bu)俗,可見(jian)琉璃(li)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong),能夠增加(jia)色彩變化,增強建(jian)筑物金碧輝煌、莊(zhuang)嚴大(da)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術效果(guo);屋(wu)檐(yan)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)當、滴水(shui),不(bu)禁使人(ren)(ren)聯想到雨天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雨滴臺階下,人(ren)(ren)在(zai)屋(wu)中憩”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)(mei)學意境;屋(wu)檐(yan)出檐(yan)深遠,影響室內采(cai)光,因而飛(fei)起屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)四(si)角,斯翼如飛(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子,使沉重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)顯得更(geng)(geng)(geng)加(jia)生(sheng)動有(you)(you)(you)力,飄逸輕盈。整(zheng)個龍虎殿(dian)給人(ren)(ren)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)孔武(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)力、粗獷率(lv)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺,恰似當年(nian)橫掃(sao)亞歐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古人(ren)(ren)性格,使建(jian)筑美(mei)(mei)和(he)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向(xiang)往在(zai)這里形成完(wan)美(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)卷,達(da)(da)到“天人(ren)(ren)合一(yi)”。檐(yan)下是(shi)(shi)兩尊(zun)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)元(yuan)代風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩塑;東青龍、西白虎,它們(men)是(shi)(shi)道(dao)教中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守(shou)護(hu)神,既保(bao)護(hu)寺(si)院(yuan),又(you)教導人(ren)(ren)們(men)皈依道(dao)教。通高達(da)(da)5米,面(mian)部圓潤,劍眉(mei)怒目,鼻(bi)翼擴(kuo)張,手握兵器,兩手撐開,大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體量和(he)舒(shu)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱表現他們(men)魁梧剛(gang)健的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣魄,氣吞山(shan)(shan)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣概,與周身飄舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩帶互相(xiang)襯(chen)托(tuo)、對比,更(geng)(geng)(geng)體現出武(wu)(wu)士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英氣內斂,內張外馳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神面(mian)貌,增強作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感染力、生(sheng)命(ming)力,仿佛(fo)站在(zai)我們(men)面(mian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)再是(shi)(shi)冰冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥士(shi),而是(shi)(shi)活生(sheng)生(sheng)、有(you)(you)(you)血肉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門神武(wu)(wu)士(shi)。
純陽宮
純(chun)陽宮(gong)“純(chun)陽”二字,為洞賓之號,“宮(gong)”為祀奉(feng)神仙的宮(gong)殿。純(chun)陽宮(gong),因供奉(feng)呂洞賓而得(de)名。
純陽(yang)宮(gong)建在(zai)觀中(zhong)甬道盡頭的高(gao)高(gao)月臺上。面(mian)寬三(san)間,六檁卷(juan)棚式(shi),懸(xuan)山頂,前有抱廈,斗拱五踩(cai),雙昂,補間一攢(zan),屋面(mian)裝飾繁官,色(se)彩華(hua)麗,整(zheng)體風格趨(qu)于小巧輕盈,而又有幾分柔性之美。
純陽宮內(nei)設有神(shen)(shen)龕。金形泥(ni)質(zhi)、道骨仙(xian)風的(de)呂(lv)(lv)神(shen)(shen)端(duan)坐神(shen)(shen)龕內(nei)。由于(yu)呂(lv)(lv)祖高高在(zai)上,人們必須仰(yang)視(shi)才(cai)可觀(guan)其貌(mao),更可以(yi)體現出人們對呂(lv)(lv)洞賓的(de)敬(jing)仰(yang)之(zhi)情。據《縣志》載:呂(lv)(lv)洞賓在(zai)清代(dai)時曾有清虛觀(guan)顯靈,留下(xia)“
一心二人仁”的仙(xian)(xian)跡(ji)在玉皇閣柱(zhu)子上,因此清(qing)代(dai)知縣增修這(zhe)精巧(qiao)典雅的純陽宮供奉呂(lv)祖(zu)。千百年來,這(zhe)里香火(huo)一直(zhi)綿延不絕(jue),尤其是每(mei)年四月十四,呂(lv)仙(xian)(xian)誕辰,更是香客(ke)如云,極大地縮短了清(qing)靜道觀與喧鬧世俗間的距離。
純陽宮(gong)外(wai)的楹聯:“一元道氣遠超(chao)天地外(wai),三(san)十功(gong)名(ming)常伴夢幻中”,將道教追求(qiu)的祥和(he)超(chao)然一語道破,清代石獅、道符(fu),端(duan)立(li)宮(gong)外(wai),鎮宅避邪。
整座宮殿,成為(wei)清虛觀的(de)主體建筑之一,也是道教文(wen)化(hua)體系的(de)見(jian)證之一,更是研究(jiu)道教文(wen)化(hua)的(de)實例所(suo)在。
三清(qing)殿在純陽宮后面,面闊5間(jian),進深9椽,單檐(yan)(yan)歇山頂(ding),四檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)五踩,補間(jian)一攢,內、外檐(yan)(yan)斗(dou)拱(gong)做法相同。拱(gong)眼壁上懸(xuan)塑龍(long)鳳,若飛若動。殿頂(ding)琉(liu)璃(li)方心、剪邊。殿內梁枋間(jian)有“大明萬歷二十(shi)八年(1600)重修”題記。神(shen)臺上原(yuan)有“三清(qing)真人”、“二十(shi)八宿(su)”神(shen)像。
三清殿(dian)兩側(ce)有東、西耳殿(dian)各3間,原供“三官”、“四圣(sheng)”、“五岳(yue)”、“四瀆(du)”;東、西廊殿(dian)各11間,硬山頂造,原供“九天圣(sheng)母”、“九曜星君”、“七十四司”。民國18年(nian)(1929),耳殿(dian)及廊殿(dian)的塑像均遭毀壞(huai)。
在(zai)三清殿內(nei)豎立(li)有(you)一(yi)透靈神(shen)碑(bei),原叫(jiao)蒙漢(han)碑(bei),通(tong)高205厘米(mi)、寬90厘米(mi)、厚23厘米(mi),為(wei)元代作品(pin),距今已(yi)有(you)七(qi)百多年的(de)歷(li)史(shi)。碑(bei)之正(zheng)背兩面(mian)都刻(ke)有(you)文(wen)(wen)字、記(ji)錄著成(cheng)吉思汗的(de)豐功偉績,正(zheng)面(mian)文(wen)(wen)字是(shi)用(yong)(yong)蒙古國初期(qi)沿用(yong)(yong)的(de)八(ba)思巴文(wen)(wen)記(ji)錄 ;背面(mian)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)楷書對此碑(bei)正(zheng)面(mian)記(ji)錄的(de)翻譯 ,故(gu)稱蒙漢(han)碑(bei)。此碑(bei)質地多瑪瑙石沉積而成(cheng), 石碑(bei)表(biao)面(mian)光滑透亮,觸摸(mo)涼爽,多有(you)觀光游覽的(de)善男信(xin)女用(yong)(yong)于接摸(mo)其上(shang),頓(dun)感一(yi)股奇特的(de)神(shen)仙(xian)靈氣(qi),這無(wu)疑(yi)是(shi)一(yi)種很好的(de)精(jing)神(shen)慰藉,故(gu)俗(su)稱“透靈”碑(bei)。據專家考證 ,這種碑(bei)保(bao)存下來(lai)的(de)現已(yi)屈指可數,它既是(shi)信(xin)奉者很好的(de)精(jing)神(shen)依托,也是(shi)研(yan)究蒙古歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化極其珍貴的(de)實物資料。