主要景點
清(qing)(qing)虛觀(guan)共(gong)有(you)(you)十(shi)座建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),前(qian)后(hou)三(san)進(jin)院落,在中軸線上(shang)有(you)(you)牌(pai)樓、山門、龍虎(hu)(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。觀(guan)院門牌(pai)樓,豎于兩(liang)柱(zhu),并由八字形(xing)(xing)叉柱(zhu)穩固,上(shang)有(you)(you)乾隆(long)三(san)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)題(ti)"清(qing)(qing)虛仙跡"的(de)匾額。龍虎(hu)(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均為(wei)元(yuan)代(dai)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)、明(ming)代(dai)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),龍虎(hu)(hu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)寬五間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深六(liu)(liu)椽,采用"懸梁(liang)吊柱(zhu)"的(de)奇(qi)特(te)結(jie)(jie)構,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)面(mian)東西廊分塑(su)(su)青(qing)龍、白(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)(hu)二神像,高達(da)5米(mi),骨骼雄健,怒(nu)目而視(shi),手持(chi)戟劍,神態(tai)勇猛,體態(tai)完(wan)好,為(wei)明(ming)代(dai)作品。壁(bi)上(shang)有(you)(you)青(qing)龍、白(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)象(xiang),其中白(bai)(bai)(bai)虎(hu)(hu)抽象(xiang)造形(xing)(xing)頗奇(qi)特(te),這組塑(su)(su)像為(wei)元(yuan)塑(su)(su)中不可多得的(de)佳(jia)品。三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于明(ming)萬(wan)歷(li)年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)重建(jian)(jian)于中院北面(mian),面(mian)寬五間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)深十(shi)一(yi)椽,上(shang)起五脊(ji)六(liu)(liu)獸歇山項,結(jie)(jie)構奇(qi)特(te),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇高大壯觀(guan),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內三(san)清(qing)(qing)等泥塑(su)(su)已蕩然無存,僅(jin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內西側(ce)豎記述元(yuan)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蒙文碑(bei)(bei)一(yi)通。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東西兩(liang)旁各(ge)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)高臺基上(shang)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)包廈接卷(juan)棚頂,即(ji)獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。閣內樓上(shang)有(you)(you)呂洞賓泥塑(su)(su),又名純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)。純(chun)陽(yang)宮(gong)(gong)重建(jian)(jian)于清(qing)(qing)光緒年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian),時代(dai)屬晚,裝修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)頗精,觀(guan)內遺存宋、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清(qing)(qing)碑(bei)(bei)碣近30通,是研(yan)究道(dao)教史(shi)跡和書法藝(yi)術的(de)珍品。中院東西各(ge)有(you)(you)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)十(shi)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),院中通道(dao)左右各(ge)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)小碑(bei)(bei)房一(yi)處(chu)。 三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后(hou)即(ji)為(wei)后(hou)院,正位十(shi)字式拱窯(yao)(yao)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),供(gong)真武及二侍(shi)者塑(su)(su)像;窯(yao)(yao)頂原有(you)(you)玉皇(huang)閣5間(jian)(jian)(jian),回(hui)廊環繞(rao),明(ming)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)造,清(qing)(qing)代(dai)后(hou)期(qi)毀(hui)于火災。后(hou)院東、西兩(liang)廊,各(ge)有(you)(you)窯(yao)(yao)洞5間(jian)(jian)(jian)加前(qian)廊,為(wei)當年(nian)羽上(shang)庫(ku)廚(chu)和迎客之(zhi)所。
龍虎殿
龍虎殿是清虛(xu)觀的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men),修建于(yu)元代(dai)初年。山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)在(zai)道(dao)家眼中象征三(san)界,跨入山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men),就意味著(zhu)跳出了三(san)界,不受世俗的(de)煩擾,可(ke)以清靜修煉。
山門龍虎殿,元代風(feng)格建筑。面闊五間(jian),進深(shen)四(si)椽,體量宏(hong)大(da)。柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)排列規(gui)整,柱(zhu)(zhu)頭收分明顯,傾角(jiao)顯著,柱(zhu)(zhu)頭帶(dai)卷剎,柱(zhu)(zhu)楚(chu)表(biao)面,柱(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)用(yong)料碩大(da),給人(ren)以宏(hong)大(da)厚重的(de)感(gan)覺。屋檐斗拱四(si)鋪作,補(bu)間(jian)一雜,結構粗(cu)大(da),造型美觀。梁(liang)(liang)架四(si)椽栿,梁(liang)(liang)架四(si)角(jiao)置抹角(jiao)梁(liang)(liang)于二層井口枋上,以“懸梁(liang)(liang)吊柱(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)”承托平梁(liang)(liang)與(yu)老角(jiao)梁(liang)(liang)后尾(wei),這一地(di)方建筑手(shou)法(fa)引起(qi)了許多(duo)人(ren)駐足(zu)深(shen)思;這種作法(fa),既(ji)省(sheng)料,又(you)擴(kuo)大(da)了室內空間(jian),同時,也體現了元代建筑風(feng)格中的(de)靈活多(duo)變,大(da)膽創(chuang)新。
屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)形式(shi)是(shi)(shi)歇山頂(ding),也叫九(jiu)脊(ji)頂(ding),正脊(ji)與(yu)垂脊(ji)交界(jie)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“吻獸”,既能(neng)起連(lian)接作用(yong),又可(ke)裝飾屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding),更重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)表(biao)達人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)一(yi)種美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望(wang)--“興(xing)水滅火”。屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)上琉璃瓦(wa)與(yu)灰瓦(wa)相間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)法(fa),看來清麗不俗,可(ke)見琉璃瓦(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong),能(neng)夠(gou)增(zeng)加(jia)色(se)彩變化,增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)建(jian)筑物金碧輝煌、莊嚴大(da)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝術效(xiao)果;屋(wu)(wu)檐處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦(wa)當、滴水,不禁使人(ren)聯(lian)想到雨天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“雨滴臺階下(xia)(xia),人(ren)在屋(wu)(wu)中憩”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)學意境;屋(wu)(wu)檐出(chu)檐深遠,影響室內采光,因而飛起屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)四角,斯翼(yi)如(ru)飛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子,使沉重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)顯得更加(jia)生動有力,飄(piao)(piao)逸輕盈。整個龍虎殿(dian)給人(ren)一(yi)種孔武有力、粗獷率真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺,恰似當年橫掃亞歐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙古人(ren)性格,使建(jian)筑美(mei)和人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向往(wang)在這里形成完(wan)美(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)卷,達到“天人(ren)合一(yi)”。檐下(xia)(xia)是(shi)(shi)兩尊(zun)具有元代(dai)風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩塑(su);東(dong)青龍、西白虎,它們(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)道(dao)教(jiao)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守護(hu)(hu)神,既保(bao)護(hu)(hu)寺(si)院,又教(jiao)導人(ren)們(men)(men)(men)皈依道(dao)教(jiao)。通高(gao)達5米(mi),面部(bu)圓潤(run),劍眉怒目,鼻(bi)翼(yi)擴(kuo)張,手(shou)握兵器,兩手(shou)撐開,大(da)塊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)量和舒展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)熱表(biao)現他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)魁梧剛健的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)魄(po),氣(qi)吞山河的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)概,與(yu)周身(shen)飄(piao)(piao)舞(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩帶互相襯托(tuo)、對(dui)比,更體(ti)現出(chu)武士(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)氣(qi)內斂,內張外馳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神面貌,增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感染力、生命力,仿佛站在我們(men)(men)(men)面前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不再(zai)是(shi)(shi)冰冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥士(shi),而是(shi)(shi)活生生、有血肉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門神武士(shi)。
純陽宮
純陽宮“純陽”二字,為洞賓(bin)之號,“宮”為祀奉(feng)神(shen)仙(xian)的宮殿。純陽宮,因供奉(feng)呂洞賓(bin)而得名(ming)。
純陽(yang)宮建在觀中甬道盡頭的高高月臺(tai)上。面(mian)寬三間,六檁(lin)卷棚式,懸山頂,前有抱廈,斗拱(gong)五踩,雙昂,補間一(yi)攢,屋面(mian)裝飾繁官,色彩華麗,整體風格趨于小(xiao)巧輕盈(ying),而(er)又有幾(ji)分柔(rou)性之美。
純(chun)陽宮內設(she)有(you)神(shen)龕。金形泥質、道骨仙風的呂神(shen)端(duan)坐神(shen)龕內。由(you)于呂祖高高在上,人們必須仰(yang)視才可觀其(qi)貌,更可以體現(xian)出(chu)人們對呂洞(dong)賓(bin)的敬仰(yang)之(zhi)情(qing)。據《縣志》載:呂洞(dong)賓(bin)在清(qing)代時(shi)曾有(you)清(qing)虛觀顯靈,留下“
一心二人仁”的仙跡在玉皇(huang)閣柱子上,因此清(qing)代知縣增修這(zhe)精巧典雅的純陽宮供奉呂祖。千百(bai)年來,這(zhe)里香火一直綿延不絕,尤其是每年四月十四,呂仙誕(dan)辰,更是香客如(ru)云,極大地縮短(duan)了清(qing)靜道觀與(yu)喧鬧世(shi)俗間(jian)的距(ju)離。
純陽宮外的楹聯:“一元道(dao)氣遠超天地外,三十(shi)功名常伴夢幻中”,將道(dao)教(jiao)追求的祥和超然一語道(dao)破(po),清代(dai)石(shi)獅、道(dao)符,端(duan)立宮外,鎮宅避(bi)邪。
整座(zuo)宮殿,成為清虛觀的主體建筑之(zhi)一,也是(shi)道教(jiao)文化體系的見(jian)證之(zhi)一,更是(shi)研究道教(jiao)文化的實例(li)所在。
三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)在純陽宮后(hou)面,面闊5間(jian),進深9椽,單檐(yan)歇山頂,四(si)檐(yan)斗拱五(wu)踩,補(bu)間(jian)一攢,內(nei)、外檐(yan)斗拱做(zuo)法相同。拱眼壁(bi)上(shang)懸塑龍鳳,若(ruo)飛若(ruo)動(dong)。殿(dian)(dian)頂琉璃方心、剪邊。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)梁(liang)枋(fang)間(jian)有“大明萬歷二十(shi)(shi)八年(1600)重(zhong)修”題記。神臺上(shang)原有“三(san)清真人”、“二十(shi)(shi)八宿”神像(xiang)。
三清(qing)殿兩側(ce)有東、西耳(er)殿各(ge)3間,原(yuan)供“三官”、“四(si)圣(sheng)”、“五岳”、“四(si)瀆(du)”;東、西廊(lang)(lang)殿各(ge)11間,硬山頂造,原(yuan)供“九天圣(sheng)母(mu)”、“九曜星君”、“七十四(si)司”。民國(guo)18年(nian)(1929),耳(er)殿及廊(lang)(lang)殿的(de)塑像均遭毀壞。
在三清殿內豎立有(you)一透(tou)靈(ling)神(shen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),原叫蒙(meng)漢(han)碑(bei)(bei)(bei),通高205厘(li)(li)米、寬90厘(li)(li)米、厚23厘(li)(li)米,為元代作品,距(ju)今已(yi)有(you)七百多年的(de)(de)(de)歷史。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)正背兩面(mian)(mian)都刻有(you)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)、記錄(lu)著(zhu)成吉思汗(han)的(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)功偉(wei)績,正面(mian)(mian)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)是用(yong)蒙(meng)古國初期沿用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)八思巴文(wen)(wen)記錄(lu) ;背面(mian)(mian)是用(yong)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)楷書對此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)正面(mian)(mian)記錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)翻譯 ,故稱蒙(meng)漢(han)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。此碑(bei)(bei)(bei)質地多瑪瑙石沉積而成, 石碑(bei)(bei)(bei)表面(mian)(mian)光滑透(tou)亮,觸摸涼爽,多有(you)觀光游覽(lan)的(de)(de)(de)善男信(xin)女用(yong)于接摸其上(shang),頓感一股奇特的(de)(de)(de)神(shen)仙靈(ling)氣,這(zhe)無疑是一種很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)慰藉,故俗稱“透(tou)靈(ling)”碑(bei)(bei)(bei)。據(ju)專家考證 ,這(zhe)種碑(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)存下來的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)已(yi)屈指可數(shu),它既(ji)是信(xin)奉者很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神(shen)依(yi)托(tuo),也是研究蒙(meng)古歷史文(wen)(wen)化極其珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)實物資(zi)料(liao)。