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藝術特征

常(chang)(chang)(chang)州梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦是(shi)(shi)集雕刻、彩繪(hui)、燙制(zhi)、畫面于一體的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術品。同時(shi)，它又是(shi)(shi)具有(you)保(bao)健功能的(de)(de)生(sheng)活實(shi)用(yong)(yong)品。常(chang)(chang)(chang)州梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦的(de)(de)制(zhi)篦原料(liao)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)毛(mao)竹(zhu)、牛(niu)骨和生(sheng)漆等(deng)，毛(mao)竹(zhu)要(yao)選用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)長(chang)四(si)年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)“陰山(shan)竹(zhu)”，即背著陽光的(de)(de)一面山(shan)上(shang)長(chang)出的(de)(de)竹(zhu)子(zi)。制(zhi)作木(mu)(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)材料(liao)則以(yi)黃(huang)楊、棗(zao)木(mu)(mu)、石(shi)楠為主。制(zhi)作黃(huang)楊精(jing)(jing)品工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，須(xu)(xu)選用(yong)(yong)300年(nian)(nian)以(yi)上(shang)樹齡(ling)的(de)(de)黃(huang)楊木(mu)(mu)。制(zhi)作名貴木(mu)(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，則選用(yong)(yong)象牙、檀香木(mu)(mu)、牛(niu)角(jiao)、羊角(jiao)作原料(liao)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)州梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦的(de)(de)制(zhi)作過程極為復雜(za)。篦箕(ji)制(zhi)作有(you)72道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，木(mu)(mu)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)制(zhi)作有(you)28道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。制(zhi)篦工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有(you)大刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、鍘刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、拗(ao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、線管筒(tong)、絞(jiao)漆架、化漆缽、膠板、膠棒、通(tong)齒齊口、齊板、剪刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、板銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、馬(ma)形銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、棕刷、斬刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、鋸凳、大碰(peng)(peng)、小碰(peng)(peng)、鋼銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、鋸樁、直碰(peng)(peng)板、齊碰(peng)(peng)板、圓碰(peng)(peng)板、槽口碰(peng)(peng)板等(deng)30多種(zhong)(zhong)。制(zhi)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具有(you)特(te)(te)制(zhi)夾具、刨(bao)具、撞(zhuang)具、三(san)角(jiao)馬(ma)、剔齒、插根(gen)、竹(zhu)刷、方根(gen)、長(chang)鋸、括(kuo)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、兩頭(tou)銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、馬(ma)形銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、榔(lang)頭(tou)、銅刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、側板鋸、蟹殼刨(bao)、斧子(zi)、小三(san)角(jiao)銼(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)、鉤(gou)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、扦刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)等(deng)30多種(zhong)(zhong)。后(hou)道(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)所用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具及材料(liao)有(you)狼毫筆(bi)、油畫筆(bi)、特(te)(te)制(zhi)電筆(bi)及各種(zhong)(zhong)顏料(liao)。制(zhi)作精(jing)(jing)品工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和精(jing)(jing)品篦箕(ji)，須(xu)(xu)在(zai)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)背和篦梁(liang)上(shang)進行五種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)細作。這五種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)：雕花(hua)、描花(hua)、刻花(hua)、燙花(hua)、嵌(qian)花(hua)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)州梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦共有(you)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)觀賞梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)、相拼梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)與實(shi)用(yong)(yong)梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)重合三(san)大系(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)600多個品種(zhong)(zhong)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)州梳(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)篦富有(you)中國特(te)(te)色和藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術韻味(wei)。

傳承譜系

常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)在千年(nian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)中形(xing)成(cheng)分散(san)而眾多的(de)(de)行業傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)體系。在常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)業近(jin)代(dai)的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)中，以卜(bu)恒順(shun)、老王(wang)大昌(chang)、王(wang)大昌(chang)、汪義大四家(jia)梳篦(bi)(bi)坊(fang)店(dian)最負盛名(ming)，其中尤(you)以卜(bu)恒順(shun)制作(zuo)的(de)(de)梳篦(bi)(bi)美(mei)譽度最高。卜(bu)恒順(shun)梳篦(bi)(bi)店(dian)開(kai)設于明代(dai)天啟(qi)年(nian)間（1622），世代(dai)相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至1953年(nian)有八(ba)代(dai)之久，300余年(nian)歷(li)史，但卜(bu)家(jia)技藝(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)現已斷代(dai)；老王(wang)大昌(chang)、王(wang)大昌(chang)、汪義大三家(jia)祖傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)技藝(yi)亦已失傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。新中國成(cheng)立后，常州(zhou)城(cheng)鄉有1200多戶上萬名(ming)人員從事梳篦(bi)(bi)業制作(zuo)。常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)廠的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)方式主要(yao)是(shi)師(shi)徒傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)。常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)制作(zuo)藝(yi)術(shu)含量較高的(de)(de)是(shi)“雕花(hua)、描(miao)花(hua)、刻花(hua)、燙花(hua)、嵌花(hua)”五種工藝(yi)，一人如要(yao)掌握其中的(de)(de)二至三門技藝(yi)，需有多個師(shi)傅傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)授(shou)。常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)人有金(jin)松(song)群、湯庚和、鄭留聲、戚(qi)正康、孫玉秀、李文(wen)華、邢糧等。常州(zhou)梳篦(bi)(bi)當今代(dai)表性人物是(shi)被文(wen)化(hua)部(bu)命名(ming)為(wei)第(di)三批國家(jia)級非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產項(xiang)目代(dai)表性傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)人的(de)(de)金(jin)松(song)群。

主要價值

常州梳篦(bi)(bi)在生(sheng)成(cheng)和(he)(he)發展的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，產(chan)生(sheng)和(he)(he)形成(cheng)了一系列與此相(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)常州名景、名街(jie)、名店(dian)，還衍生(sheng)出了豐富多彩的(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗(su)事(shi)象和(he)(he)復雜(za)精(jing)湛(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)手繪(hui)工藝，這些民(min)俗(su)事(shi)象和(he)(he)手繪(hui)工藝，已(yi)成(cheng)為我們(men)今天研究古代(dai)(dai)、近代(dai)(dai)江(jiang)南(nan)風情(qing)和(he)(he)社會時尚演化變遷不可(ke)多得的(de)(de)(de)“活化石”。常州精(jing)品篦(bi)(bi)箕古樸(pu)典雅，美(mei)觀精(jing)致，賞(shang)心悅(yue)目，生(sheng)動(dong)體現了江(jiang)南(nan)人所特有的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神氣質(zhi)和(he)(he)藝術智(zhi)慧，具有較高的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)美(mei)品位和(he)(he)審(shen)(shen)美(mei)價值。當(dang)今，常州梳篦(bi)(bi)不僅(jin)風靡(mi)東南(nan)亞，而(er)且深受歐(ou)美(mei)國(guo)家及(ji)港(gang)澳地區民(min)眾的(de)(de)(de)喜愛，在文化交流方(fang)面起(qi)著重(zhong)要作用(yong)。