芒果视频下载

門樓淵源

清徐(xu)曾(ceng)是(shi)春秋古(gu)郡，是(shi)中國最早的建制縣之(zhi)一，是(shi)《三國演義》作者(zhe)古(gu)典文學(xue)大師羅(luo)貫中故(gu)里(li)，以(yi)“文化名城、醋(cu)都葡鄉(xiang)”享譽(yu)黃(huang)土(tu)高原(yuan)。擁有老(lao)陳醋(cu)傳統(tong)釀造工藝(yi)、徐(xu)溝背鐵棍(gun)藝(yi)術、清徐(xu)磚雕、清徐(xu)彩門樓等(deng)國家級非(fei)物(wu)質文化遺產，擁有清源文廟(miao)、狐突廟(miao)2處(chu)(chu)國保(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)和省保(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)4處(chu)(chu)、市保(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)6處(chu)(chu)，以(yi)及(ji)350處(chu)(chu)文物(wu)遺存(cun)，是(shi)晉商的重要發(fa)祥地之(zhi)一。

清(qing)徐(xu)(xu)彩門(men)樓(lou)是(shi)一(yi)門(men)集民間(jian)古(gu)建筑技藝(yi)、民間(jian)美術(shu)、民間(jian)彩繪、民間(jian)手工技藝(yi)于一(yi)體的(de)綜合藝(yi)術(shu)。“獅子龍(long)燈跑旱船、彩樓(lou)當(dang)街撐面面”是(shi)流傳在清(qing)徐(xu)(xu)的(de)民諺，形象地(di)(di)概述了清(qing)徐(xu)(xu)彩門(men)樓(lou)在當(dang)地(di)(di)民俗活(huo)動中的(de)重要地(di)(di)位。

當地老人說，祖祖輩輩的(de)(de)人們每逢過春節(jie)，家(jia)家(jia)都(dou)要去集市(shi)購買柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)，將柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)插(cha)在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)拴上(shang)(shang)，以示接福避邪(即可壓百邪)。在(zai)(zai)大年(nian)三十，人們將柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)綁(bang)在(zai)(zai)一根竹(zhu)竿(gan)或者木(mu)棍(gun)的(de)(de)稍頭(tou)，再用(yong)紅(hong)紙纏上(shang)(shang)，貼上(shang)(shang)“迎喜接福”的(de)(de)對聯，然后(hou)綁(bang)在(zai)(zai)房頂的(de)(de)煙(yan)囪上(shang)(shang)，還有的(de)(de)將柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)同(tong)(tong)供(gong)品擺在(zai)(zai)一起供(gong)神，祈(qi)求來(lai)年(nian)生意(yi)興旺；后(hou)來(lai)各家(jia)在(zai)(zai)門(men)(men)(men)前(qian)用(yong)幾根門(men)(men)(men)桿搭架，上(shang)(shang)邊綁(bang)上(shang)(shang)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)枝，兩邊寫(xie)上(shang)(shang)對聯，成為(wei)了柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)，家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)造型不同(tong)(tong)。

傳承發展

隨著時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，人(ren)(ren)們(men)不斷用(yong)(yong)(yong)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料來(lai)反映(ying)他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)傾向，顯示各家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)富(fu)裕程度，于是(shi)出(chu)現了柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。商(shang)家更(geng)(geng)是(shi)在(zai)自家門(men)(men)前壘(lei)起了塔塔火，以(yi)此寓意(yi)生(sheng)意(yi)興(xing)隆、紅紅火火，也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吸(xi)引(yin)更(geng)(geng)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關注，后來(lai)發展(zhan)到商(shang)家在(zai)商(shang)鋪門(men)(men)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)街頭(tou)搭過(guo)(guo)街柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，又高又大，會吸(xi)引(yin)很遠(yuan)地(di)方人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)注意(yi)，同時(shi)也(ye)借此起到宣傳自己商(shang)號，吸(xi)引(yin)顧(gu)客光(guang)顧(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。當(dang)觀看的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)越(yue)聚(ju)越(yue)多(duo)時(shi)，商(shang)家便用(yong)(yong)(yong)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)和廢(fei)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)油潑在(zai)塔塔火上，象征來(lai)年生(sheng)意(yi)紅火。由此，柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)開始發展(zhan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)過(guo)(guo)街柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。隨著經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮，清徐城內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些較富(fu)裕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)號開始設想搭制工藝更(geng)(geng)復雜(za)、造(zao)型(xing)更(geng)(geng)美(mei)觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，于是(shi)，由較大商(shang)鋪出(chu)面牽頭(tou)，采取(qu)自愿(yuan)原(yuan)則，向鄰近商(shang)行籌(chou)錢，籌(chou)起錢后請當(dang)時(shi)制作抬閣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)師傅制作較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。在(zai)原(yuan)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，產生(sheng)了用(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)裹木椽子并用(yong)(yong)(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)編織亭閣門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)古建 型(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)式彩(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，其名稱也(ye)由原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)正(zheng)式取(qu)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，后來(lai)又在(zai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上掛上燈籠、繡球(qiu)等(deng)，并給每個彩(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)起上了吉祥如(ru)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名字，如(ru)“聚(ju)財門(men)(men)”、“五(wu)福門(men)(men)”、“興(xing)旺門(men)(men)”、“平安門(men)(men)”等(deng)等(deng)，寄托著人(ren)(ren)們(men)美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)愿(yuan)。20世紀(ji)90年代以(yi)來(lai)，在(zai)原(yuan)來(lai)扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)編織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，增加了美(mei)術彩(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)部分，增加了五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)燈光(guang)，在(zai)造(zao)型(xing)上也(ye)更(geng)(geng)加多(duo)樣。

傳統特色

清徐彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)從搭的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置和(he)(he)(he)名稱上(shang)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(即搭置在街(jie)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de))和(he)(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(即搭置在各單位和(he)(he)(he)各家門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)口的(de)(de)(de)(de))兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。根(gen)據搭制的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料不同(tong)(tong)，可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、噴繪(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)五種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨架制作基本相同(tong)(tong)，所不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)工藝。柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)身，有(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)：一(yi)(yi)是各家門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，兩旁扇形耳壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)單層門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是橫(heng)(heng)跨大街(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四柱三頂(ding)(ding)(ding)，雙層的(de)(de)(de)(de)過街(jie)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，它是由門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱、橫(heng)(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)、脊檁組合而成的(de)(de)(de)(de)似古(gu)牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)式(shi)樣，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)制作與柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)相同(tong)(tong)，兩邊(bian)小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)比(bi)中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低，小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脊檁應在中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)斜(xie)坡(po)之下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)不宜(yi)過高。在柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)基礎上(shang)搭建(jian)成了柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化是在明顯(xian)部(bu)(bu)位用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五色彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布進行了裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)。將門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)兩處水斜(xie)坡(po)和(he)(he)(he)挑角用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)柏(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枝編織裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)，橫(heng)(heng)梁脊檁匾額部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)、綁好匾額，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱即用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紅(hong)布包(bao)(bao)裹或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布扭成網(wang)狀纏上(shang)去，并貼(tie)上(shang)對(dui)(dui)聯(lian)、掛上(shang)燈籠(long)。扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)與橫(heng)(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱的(de)(de)(de)(de)四面為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扭彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，全部(bu)(bu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，周邊(bian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紅(hong)紙(zhi)(zhi)金(jin)(jin)紙(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)和(he)(he)(he)手(shou)工紙(zhi)(zhi)貼(tie)出(chu)花(hua)邊(bian)圖(tu)案，圖(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是藝人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕技，當地(di)常(chang)扭的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)有(you)“結魚網(wang)”、“編席子(zi)”、“結空心(xin)疙瘩”、“尖對(dui)(dui)尖”、“編九針兒”、“打(da)燈籠(long)景”、“拉瓦棱”等(deng)樣式(shi)，各部(bu)(bu)位彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)扭好后(hou)(hou)，要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淡(dan)(dan)紅(hong)色、淡(dan)(dan)綠色、淡(dan)(dan)黃色綢布襯底(di)，可以(yi)將圖(tu)案襯得(de)更加(jia)突出(chu)。彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)不拘泥傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)程式(shi)畫法，圖(tu)案活潑(po)自(zi)由，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)四門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)底(di)金(jin)(jin)字或者是紅(hong)底(di)加(jia)祥云圖(tu)案，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)(heng)梁一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“包(bao)(bao)袱(fu)式(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)和(he)(he)(he)“方心(xin)形”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)，小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)(heng)梁采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“方心(xin)式(shi)”和(he)(he)(he)“海漫式(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)方法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)，小(xiao)(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仿古(gu)建(jian)筑彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)工藝方法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)畫，圖(tu)樣左右對(dui)(dui)稱，以(yi)青(qing)、綠色調(diao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。