芒果视频下载

門樓淵源

清(qing)(qing)徐(xu)曾(ceng)是(shi)春秋古郡，是(shi)中(zhong)國最早(zao)的建制縣之(zhi)一(yi)，是(shi)《三(san)國演義》作(zuo)者(zhe)古典文(wen)(wen)學大(da)師羅貫中(zhong)故(gu)里，以“文(wen)(wen)化名城、醋都葡鄉”享譽黃土高原。擁有老(lao)陳醋傳統釀造工藝、徐(xu)溝背鐵棍藝術、清(qing)(qing)徐(xu)磚雕、清(qing)(qing)徐(xu)彩(cai)門樓(lou)等國家級(ji)非物質文(wen)(wen)化遺產，擁有清(qing)(qing)源文(wen)(wen)廟、狐突廟2處(chu)國保單(dan)(dan)位和省保單(dan)(dan)位4處(chu)、市保單(dan)(dan)位6處(chu)，以及350處(chu)文(wen)(wen)物遺存，是(shi)晉商(shang)的重要發祥地之(zhi)一(yi)。

清徐彩(cai)門樓是(shi)一門集(ji)民(min)(min)間古建筑技(ji)(ji)藝(yi)、民(min)(min)間美(mei)術、民(min)(min)間彩(cai)繪、民(min)(min)間手工技(ji)(ji)藝(yi)于一體的(de)綜合(he)藝(yi)術。“獅子龍燈跑旱船、彩(cai)樓當(dang)街撐面面”是(shi)流傳在(zai)清徐的(de)民(min)(min)諺(yan)，形象(xiang)地(di)(di)概(gai)述了清徐彩(cai)門樓在(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)民(min)(min)俗活動中的(de)重要地(di)(di)位。

當地老人(ren)說(shuo)，祖(zu)祖(zu)輩(bei)輩(bei)的(de)人(ren)們每逢過(guo)春節，家家都要去(qu)集市購買柏葉，將柏葉插在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)門拴上(shang)，以示(shi)接福避邪(即可壓(ya)百邪)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大年三十(shi)，人(ren)們將柏葉綁(bang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一根竹竿或者木棍(gun)的(de)稍頭(tou)，再用紅紙(zhi)纏上(shang)，貼(tie)上(shang)“迎喜接福”的(de)對(dui)聯(lian)，然后綁(bang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)房頂(ding)的(de)煙囪上(shang)，還有的(de)將柏葉同供(gong)品擺在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一起供(gong)神，祈求(qiu)來年生(sheng)意興旺；后來各家在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)門前用幾根門桿搭架，上(shang)邊綁(bang)上(shang)柏葉枝，兩邊寫(xie)上(shang)對(dui)聯(lian)，成(cheng)為(wei)了柏葉門樓(lou)，家家戶(hu)戶(hu)門樓(lou)造型不同。

傳承發展

隨(sui)著(zhu)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，人(ren)(ren)們(men)不斷用(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料來(lai)反映他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審美(mei)傾向，顯示各(ge)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)富裕程度，于是(shi)(shi)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)柏葉(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。商家(jia)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)家(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前壘(lei)起(qi)了(le)塔(ta)塔(ta)火，以(yi)此(ci)寓意生意興隆、紅(hong)紅(hong)火火，也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吸(xi)引(yin)更(geng)多(duo)(duo)(duo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注，后(hou)來(lai)發展到商家(jia)在(zai)(zai)商鋪門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)口的(de)(de)(de)(de)街頭搭(da)過街柏葉(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，又高又大(da)，會(hui)吸(xi)引(yin)很遠地方人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)注意，同時(shi)(shi)也(ye)借此(ci)起(qi)到宣傳自(zi)(zi)己商號(hao)，吸(xi)引(yin)顧客(ke)光顧的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。當觀(guan)看的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)越(yue)(yue)聚(ju)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)(duo)(duo)時(shi)(shi)，商家(jia)便(bian)用(yong)柏葉(xie)和廢食用(yong)油(you)潑在(zai)(zai)塔(ta)塔(ta)火上(shang)(shang)，象征(zheng)來(lai)年(nian)生意紅(hong)火。由(you)此(ci)，柏葉(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)開始(shi)發展為(wei)(wei)(wei)過街柏葉(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。隨(sui)著(zhu)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮，清徐城內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些較富裕的(de)(de)(de)(de)商號(hao)開始(shi)設想(xiang)搭(da)制工藝更(geng)復雜、造型更(geng)美(mei)觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，于是(shi)(shi)，由(you)較大(da)商鋪出(chu)面牽頭，采取自(zi)(zi)愿(yuan)原則，向鄰近商行籌錢，籌起(qi)錢后(hou)請當時(shi)(shi)制作(zuo)抬閣(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)師(shi)傅(fu)制作(zuo)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。在(zai)(zai)原柏葉(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，產生了(le)用(yong)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布裹木椽子并(bing)用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)編織亭閣(ge)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)古建 型狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)新式彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，其名稱也(ye)由(you)原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)柏葉(xie)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)正式取名為(wei)(wei)(wei)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，后(hou)來(lai)又在(zai)(zai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)(shang)掛上(shang)(shang)燈(deng)籠、繡球等(deng)，并(bing)給每個彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)起(qi)上(shang)(shang)了(le)吉(ji)祥如意的(de)(de)(de)(de)名字，如“聚(ju)財門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”、“五(wu)福門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”、“興旺門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”、“平安門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”等(deng)等(deng)，寄托(tuo)著(zhu)人(ren)(ren)們(men)美(mei)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)愿(yuan)。20世紀90年(nian)代(dai)以(yi)來(lai)，在(zai)(zai)原來(lai)扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)編織的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang)，增加了(le)美(mei)術彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪部(bu)分，增加了(le)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)燈(deng)光，在(zai)(zai)造型上(shang)(shang)也(ye)更(geng)加多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣。

傳統特色

清徐彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)從搭(da)(da)的(de)(de)位置(zhi)和(he)(he)名稱上可分為彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)樓(lou)(lou)(即(ji)搭(da)(da)置(zhi)在(zai)街(jie)(jie)頭的(de)(de))和(he)(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(即(ji)搭(da)(da)置(zhi)在(zai)各(ge)單(dan)(dan)位和(he)(he)各(ge)家(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)口的(de)(de))兩種(zhong)。根據搭(da)(da)制的(de)(de)材料(liao)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，可分為柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、噴繪(hui)(hui)(hui)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)五(wu)種(zhong)，它(ta)們的(de)(de)骨架制作(zuo)基本相(xiang)同(tong)，所不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)是裝飾材料(liao)和(he)(he)工(gong)藝(yi)。柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)是彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)前身，有(you)兩種(zhong)形式(shi)：一是各(ge)家(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)前一門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)一頂的(de)(de)，兩旁扇形耳(er)壁(bi)的(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)。另一種(zhong)是橫(heng)(heng)跨大街(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)三門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三頂，雙層(ceng)的(de)(de)過(guo)街(jie)(jie)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)，它(ta)是由門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、橫(heng)(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、樓(lou)(lou)頂、脊(ji)檁組合而成的(de)(de)似(si)古(gu)牌樓(lou)(lou)式(shi)樣，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)頂部(bu)(bu)制作(zuo)與柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)樓(lou)(lou)相(xiang)同(tong)，兩邊小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)要(yao)比(bi)中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)低，小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)脊(ji)檁應(ying)在(zai)中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)頂斜坡之(zhi)下為宜，樓(lou)(lou)頂不(bu)(bu)宜過(guo)高(gao)。在(zai)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)基礎上搭(da)(da)建(jian)成了柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)，最大的(de)(de)變化是在(zai)明(ming)顯部(bu)(bu)位用(yong)五(wu)色(se)(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)進行了裝飾。將(jiang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)頂部(bu)(bu)前后兩處水斜坡和(he)(he)挑角用(yong)柏(bo)(bo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)枝編(bian)織裝飾，橫(heng)(heng)梁脊(ji)檁匾(bian)額部(bu)(bu)分用(yong)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)、綁好(hao)匾(bian)額，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)即(ji)用(yong)紅布(bu)(bu)包裹或用(yong)五(wu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)扭(niu)(niu)成網狀纏上去，并(bing)貼上對聯、掛上燈(deng)籠(long)。扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)裝飾分扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)與裝彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)兩部(bu)(bu)分，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)頂部(bu)(bu)、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)與橫(heng)(heng)梁、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)四(si)面(mian)為扭(niu)(niu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)部(bu)(bu)分，全(quan)部(bu)(bu)要(yao)用(yong)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)布(bu)(bu)包裝，周邊用(yong)紅紙(zhi)金(jin)紙(zhi)條(tiao)和(he)(he)手工(gong)紙(zhi)貼出花邊圖(tu)案(an)(an)，圖(tu)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)是藝(yi)人的(de)(de)絕技，當地常扭(niu)(niu)的(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)有(you)“結(jie)魚網”、“編(bian)席(xi)子(zi)”、“結(jie)空心疙瘩”、“尖對尖”、“編(bian)九針(zhen)兒”、“打燈(deng)籠(long)景”、“拉瓦棱”等樣式(shi)，各(ge)部(bu)(bu)位彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)子(zi)扭(niu)(niu)好(hao)后，要(yao)用(yong)淡(dan)(dan)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)、淡(dan)(dan)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)、淡(dan)(dan)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)綢(chou)布(bu)(bu)襯底(di)，可以(yi)將(jiang)圖(tu)案(an)(an)襯得更(geng)加突出。彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)拘泥傳統的(de)(de)程(cheng)式(shi)畫法，圖(tu)案(an)(an)活潑自由，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)四(si)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為紅底(di)金(jin)字或者是紅底(di)加祥云圖(tu)案(an)(an)，中(zhong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)(heng)梁一般采(cai)用(yong)“包袱式(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)“方心形”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)，小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)橫(heng)(heng)梁采(cai)用(yong)“方心式(shi)”和(he)(he)“海(hai)漫式(shi)”彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)方法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)，小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)采(cai)用(yong)仿(fang)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)繪(hui)(hui)(hui)工(gong)藝(yi)方法彩(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)畫，圖(tu)樣左右(you)對稱，以(yi)青、綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)調為主。