據傳,唐代(dai)建(jian)浮(fu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)時(shi),由于江(jiang)流湍急,建(jian)筑橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)基時(shi)發生困難。此(ci)時(shi)天(tian)降暴雨,雨后天(tian)現(xian)(xian)彩虹。因而(er)工匠在出(chu)現(xian)(xian)彩虹之處打下橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)樁(zhuang),將(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)建(jian)起,因而(er)時(shi)人認為(wei)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)(xian),故(gu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)定(ding)為(wei)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)(xian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),又名(ming)(ming)(ming)靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。南(nan)宋時(shi),靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)改(gai)稱東(dong)津浮(fu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),清代(dai)康熙年(nian)間浙海關(guan)建(jian)立后,亦更名(ming)(ming)(ming)關(guan)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。1936年(nian)重(zhong)建(jian)為(wei)永久橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁時(shi),曾有民間團體提議(yi)將(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)更名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“中山橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”,但寧(ning)波老(lao)江(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)籌備委員會以保護古跡為(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming),將(jiang)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)恢(hui)復為(wei)“靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”。文化大(da)革(ge)命期(qi)間,靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)曾被(bei)更名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)“紅(hong)衛橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”,1981年(nian)恢(hui)復靈(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱。
民(min)間(jian)曾稱(cheng)靈(ling)橋(qiao)為“江(jiang)橋(qiao)”,后由于清代同治年間(jian)英(ying)國(guo)人在桃花渡建成新江(jiang)橋(qiao),為表示(shi)區別,靈(ling)橋(qiao)的民(min)間(jian)稱(cheng)呼遂改(gai)為老江(jiang)橋(qiao),這一俗稱(cheng)一直沿用至今
靈橋始建(jian)于(yu)唐朝(chao),原為木造浮橋。1931年(nian)(nian),由旅(lv)滬(hu)甬(yong)商發起改建(jian),上海工(gong)部局英(ying)籍工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)詹姆森、新仁(ren)記營造廠(chang)工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)竺泉通勘查設計,德國西門子公司總(zong)承包,于(yu)1934年(nian)(nian)開工(gong)建(jian)設,1936年(nian)(nian)完(wan)工(gong)。靈橋是中(zhong)國第一(yi)座(zuo)有(you)中(zhong)國工(gong)程(cheng)師(shi)參與設計的單孔鋼梁(liang)(liang)環形(xing)橋。全長132米,跨度97.5米,是現存浙江省(sheng)內較早的少數現代(dai)工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)橋梁(liang)(liang),具(ju)有(you)劃時代(dai)的意義。
1931年8月,改建寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)老江(jiang)橋(qiao)(即靈現橋(qiao))籌(chou)備(bei)委員會在(zai)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)、上(shang)海(hai)同時(shi)成(cheng)立。據說(shuo)建橋(qiao)工(gong)(gong)作是在(zai)上(shang)海(hai)旅滬(hu)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)同鄉會的(de)主(zhu)持下(xia)開展的(de),早期在(zai)滬(hu)上(shang)成(cheng)功的(de)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)士(shi)堅(jian)持要在(zai)家鄉造一座(zuo)像(xiang)上(shang)海(hai)蘇州河上(shang)外(wai)白(bai)渡橋(qiao)那樣的(de)堅(jian)固橋(qiao)梁。最后,寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)靈橋(qiao)由上(shang)海(hai)工(gong)(gong)部局英籍工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師詹姆生(sheng)和新江(jiang)記營(ying)造廠竺泉通設(she)計中(zhong)標,德國西(xi)門(men)子(zi)洋(yang)行(xing)中(zhong)標工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)承包。但(dan)據當時(shi)參與建橋(qiao)的(de)老人(ren)(ren)施求藏回憶說(shuo):靈橋(qiao)用(yong)外(wai)國材料、掛洋(yang)行(xing)牌子(zi),但(dan)實(shi)際上(shang)設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)都是滬(hu)甬兩地的(de)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)。英國人(ren)(ren)詹姆生(sheng)、師克和許(xu)多(duo)外(wai)國人(ren)(ren)很少來(lai)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)(bo)。于1936年建成(cheng)通車。
靈橋(qiao)建成(cheng)后歷經滄桑(sang),在日(ri)(ri)寇(kou)侵略(lve)(lve)我(wo)國,寧波淪陷(xian)前遭受了(le)日(ri)(ri)本侵略(lve)(lve)者飛機(ji)的(de)(de)轟炸,被炸得千瘡百孔,抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)勝利后曾作修繕,但(dan)在寧波解(jie)放(fang)后,國民黨(dang)轟炸機(ji)幾乎天(tian)天(tian)來轟炸,靈橋(qiao)上(shang)路面、鋼梁上(shang)彈孔累累,但(dan)靈橋(qiao)仍然屹立(li)在奉(feng)化江上(shang),是解(jie)放(fang)舟(zhou)山群島的(de)(de)鋼鐵運(yun)輸(shu)線。
這座橋(qiao)由德國西門子公司(si)設計,這家公司(si)經(jing)歷二戰,竟(jing)仍然保存著(zhu)靈橋(qiao)的檔(dang)案,前不(bu)久還寄(ji)來文件提醒(xing)業(ye)主(zhu)及時維修(xiu)。
寧波靈橋(qiao)(qiao)歷史可追溯到唐代。奉化江奔騰咆哮(xiao)把當時(shi)的明州撕成兩半(ban),為解(jie)決舟渡難險(xian),公元823年制16舟船(chuan),用蒙索(suo)連排,上鋪寬(kuan)6尺的木板(ban),長55丈(zhang),據說通橋(qiao)(qiao)當時(shi)天空出現彩(cai)虹(hong),即立橋(qiao)(qiao)名為“靈現橋(qiao)(qiao)”。
此后“靈現橋”在(zai)清末改建,但因缺(que)錢而作罷,1922年,一場(chang)秋風沖毀(hui)了屢修(xiu)屢毀(hui)的靈現浮橋。
1931年8月,改建寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)老江橋(qiao)(qiao)(即靈現橋(qiao)(qiao))籌備委員會在寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)同時成(cheng)(cheng)立。據說建橋(qiao)(qiao)工(gong)作是在上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)旅滬寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)同鄉會的主持下開展的,早期(qi)在滬上(shang)(shang)(shang)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)的寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)人士(shi)堅持要在家鄉造一座像上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)蘇州河上(shang)(shang)(shang)外(wai)白渡橋(qiao)(qiao)那樣的堅固橋(qiao)(qiao)梁。最后,寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)靈橋(qiao)(qiao)由上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)工(gong)部局英(ying)籍工(gong)程師(shi)(shi)詹姆生(sheng)和(he)新(xin)江記營造廠竺泉通設計中標,德國(guo)西門子(zi)洋行(xing)中標工(gong)程承包。但(dan)據當時參與建橋(qiao)(qiao)的老人施(shi)求藏回憶說:靈橋(qiao)(qiao)用外(wai)國(guo)材料、掛洋行(xing)牌子(zi),但(dan)實際上(shang)(shang)(shang)設計、施(shi)工(gong)都是滬甬(yong)兩地(di)的寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)人。英(ying)國(guo)人詹姆生(sheng)、師(shi)(shi)克和(he)許多外(wai)國(guo)人很少來寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)。于1936年建成(cheng)(cheng)通車。
靈橋建成后(hou)歷經滄桑,在(zai)日寇侵略(lve)我國(guo),寧波(bo)淪陷前(qian)遭受了日本侵略(lve)者飛機(ji)(ji)的轟炸(zha)(zha),被炸(zha)(zha)得千瘡百孔(kong),抗日勝(sheng)利后(hou)曾(ceng)作修繕,但在(zai)寧波(bo)解放(fang)(fang)后(hou),國(guo)民黨轟炸(zha)(zha)機(ji)(ji)幾乎(hu)天(tian)天(tian)來轟炸(zha)(zha),靈橋上(shang)路面、鋼梁(liang)上(shang)彈孔(kong)累累,但靈橋仍(reng)然屹(yi)立在(zai)奉化江上(shang),是解放(fang)(fang)舟山群(qun)島的鋼鐵運(yun)輸線(xian)。