簡介
皎口(kou)水(shui)庫所在(zai)(zai)河流(liu)(liu)――樟(zhang)溪(xi),是甬(yong)江(jiang)水(shui)系奉(feng)化(hua)江(jiang)上(shang)游的主(zhu)要支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)一(yi),發源(yuan)(yuan)于四明山對(dui)崗嶺(ling)東(dong)部蓮花村,主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)自西南向(xiang)東(dong)北流(liu)(liu)經(jing)北溪(xi)、李家坑、周(zhou)公(gong)宅(zhai)、杜岙、大皎等(deng)地,與(yu)(yu)小皎溪(xi)匯合后出(chu)皎口(kou)水(shui)庫,并(bing)折向(xiang)東(dong)南流(liu)(liu)經(jing)章水(shui)鎮(zhen)和鄞江(jiang)鎮(zhen),再由鄞江(jiang)向(xiang)東(dong)入奉(feng)化(hua)江(jiang)、鄞江(jiang)鎮(zhen)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)集水(shui)面(mian)(mian)積348.7平方公(gong)里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)58.4 Km,其中已(yi)蓄水(shui)的周(zhou)公(gong)宅(zhai)水(shui)庫壩址集水(shui)面(mian)(mian)積132 平方公(gong)里(li),主(zhu)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)27.75 Km,流(liu)(liu)域(yu)地形主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)低山及丘陵(ling),山嶺(ling)高程一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)300~900之(zhi)間,最(zui)高峰為(wei)(wei)976米,地勢自西南向(xiang)北傾(qing)斜,河道落(luo)差較大,源(yuan)(yuan)短流(liu)(liu)急,流(liu)(liu)域(yu)植被良好,水(shui)土(tu)保持較好。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)及黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang),海拔200米以(yi)(yi)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang),500米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang),其中間為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)亞類(lei)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)并(bing)與(yu)(yu)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)穿(chuan)插。
氣候
本流域屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,總的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特征是:冬(dong)夏季風(feng)交替顯著,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)溫(wen)適中(zhong),四(si)季分明,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)豐沛(pei),日(ri)照充(chong)足,流域多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)1781mm,多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)日(ri)157日(ri),最(zui)多(duo)185日(ri),最(zui)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)126日(ri),降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)時(shi)空分布不均(jun),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)際、年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內變化顯著,實(shi)測最(zui)豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)2225 mm(1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),最(zui)枯年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)982.7 mm(1967年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),豐枯年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)之比為(wei)2.3倍(bei)。本地3、4月(yue)份是西(xi)北季風(feng)減退(tui)和(he)東南(nan)(nan)季風(feng)開始增強(qiang)期,冷(leng)暖空氣(qi)(qi)交匯,形成綿(mian)綿(mian)春雨(yu)(yu)(yu),4月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)至(zhi)7月(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun),夏季風(feng)的(de)暖氣(qi)(qi)流與(yu)南(nan)(nan)下的(de)冷(leng)空氣(qi)(qi)相遇,本地有持續時(shi)間較(jiao)長的(de)鋒(feng)面雨(yu)(yu)(yu)、陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)連綿(mian),降(jiang)水集中(zhong),俗稱梅(mei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu);夏秋(qiu)季常受(shou)副(fu)高壓脊控(kong)制,降(jiang)水主要為(wei)臺風(feng)暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)局部雷陣(zhen)雨(yu)(yu)(yu),若夏秋(qiu)季受(shou)臺風(feng)和(he)熱(re)帶風(feng)暴影(ying)響較(jiao)少(shao),則易造(zao)成高溫(wen)干旱,11月(yue)至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue),受(shou)冷(leng)高壓控(kong)制,天氣(qi)(qi)以晴冷(leng)為(wei)主,雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)較(jiao)少(shao)。
周邊環境
流(liu)域內現有水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工程較(jiao)少(shao),總庫(ku)容(rong)在100萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)有周公宅水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和榧(fei)樹潭(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),周公宅水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建(jian)于2003年(nian),總庫(ku)容(rong)11180萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)容(rong)9570萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),榧(fei)樹潭(tan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建(jian)于1991年(nian),總庫(ku)容(rong)514萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),正常庫(ku)容(rong)220萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)游(you)河道(dao)坡(po)陡流(liu)急(ji),下游(you)河道(dao)坡(po)度較(jiao)為(wei)平緩,流(liu)域內植被較(jiao)好,人(ren)類活動(dong)影響較(jiao)小。
功用
皎口(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)是一座以防洪、灌溉(gai)為主(zhu)(zhu),結合發電(dian)、養魚、供水(shui)的綜(zong)合利用的大(da)(二(er))型(xing)水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng),水(shui)庫(ku)于(yu)1970年5月(yue)(yue)動(dong)工(gong)興建(jian),1973年5月(yue)(yue)封孔(kong)蓄水(shui),1975年1月(yue)(yue)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)完工(gong),1980年6月(yue)(yue)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)三(san)臺機(ji)(ji)組全部投入運行,1980年12月(yue)(yue)省(sheng)水(shui)利廳組織對皎口(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)進行竣工(gong)驗收,1998年機(ji)(ji)組容量從原來(lai)3×1250千(qian)瓦(wa)增(zeng)至3×1600千(qian)瓦(wa),保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)1984年10月(yue)(yue)動(dong)工(gong),1988年10月(yue)(yue)底完工(gong),1990年11月(yue)(yue)通過保壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)程(cheng)驗收,水(shui)庫(ku)集水(shui)面積259平方(fang)公里,總庫(ku)容1.198億立方(fang)米,樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)由攔河大(da)壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)泄洪洞(dong)、壩(ba)(ba)頂溢洪道、發電(dian)輸水(shui)洞(dong)和(he)壩(ba)(ba)后(hou)式電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)組成,皎口(kou)水(shui)庫(ku)屬于(yu)Ⅱ等工(gong)程(cheng),大(da)壩(ba)(ba)溢洪道、泄洪洞(dong)、發電(dian)輸水(shui)洞(dong)按2級(ji)(ji)建(jian)筑物設(she)計,電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)按四級(ji)(ji)建(jian)筑物設(she)計,設(she)計洪水(shui)為百(bai)年一遇(yu),校核洪水(shui)二(er)千(qian)年一遇(yu)。
修繕
1984年至1988年根據水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部頒發(fa)的《水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)樞紐工程等(deng)級劃(hua)分及設計(ji)標準》及省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳下達的浙水(shui)(shui)(shui)法(78)第(di)520號(hao)文(wen)要(yao)求,對(dui)皎口水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫進行保壩工程,主要(yao)項目壩體由(you)原78.0米(mi)(mi)高(gao)(gao)程升至79.4米(mi)(mi),加高(gao)(gao)1.4米(mi)(mi),壩頂(ding)上(shang)游面設混凝土防浪墻,墻高(gao)(gao)1.2米(mi)(mi);壩頂(ding)加寬5米(mi)(mi),達到(dao)(dao)10米(mi)(mi);溢流壩段工作橋(兼交通(tong)橋)抬高(gao)(gao)0.6米(mi)(mi),橋面增寬3.2米(mi)(mi);新(xin)建(jian)改建(jian)啟閉機室;更新(xin)設計(ji)制(zhi)作安裝(zhuang)6扇弧型閘門(men),并改制(zhi)啟閉設備。經過保壩工程,最大壩高(gao)(gao)達到(dao)(dao)67.4米(mi)(mi),總庫容達到(dao)(dao)1.198億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。
浙江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)浙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)52號文《關于下(xia)達(da)牛(niu)頭山水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大(da)壩(ba)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)通(tong)知》,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫列入(ru)2003年(nian)安鑒(jian)(jian)計劃,根據(ju)文件精神,鄞州(zhou)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)成立(li)皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大(da)壩(ba)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)領(ling)導小組(zu),皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫成立(li)以局(ju)(ju)長為組(zu)長的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)班子(zi)。按照大(da)綱要求,皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫管(guan)(guan)理局(ju)(ju)委托水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)部(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)金屬結(jie)構質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗(yan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)試中(zhong)心、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘(kan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)計院、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)河口(kou)研究(jiu)院等(deng)設(she)計,科研單位,開展(zhan)(zhan)《閘(zha)門(men)及啟閉機(ji)(ji)(ji)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑物(wu)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)復核(he)(he)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)壩(ba)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)分析報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)復核(he)(he)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)壩(ba)滲流安全(quan)(quan)(quan)評價報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)評價報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)壩(ba)應力復核(he)(he)及變形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)資(zi)料分析報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《電站機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》、《大(da)壩(ba)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)綜合報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》等(deng)9項專(zhuan)題報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)編定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),至2003年(nian)底各項檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)及報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)編定(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)結(jie)束,2003年(nian)12月下(xia)旬,省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)組(zu)織(zhi)有部(bu)門(men)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)對皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大(da)壩(ba)進行安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding),2004年(nian)11月,經(jing)過(guo)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)組(zu)第(di)二會(hui)議,通(tong)過(guo)《大(da)壩(ba)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)書(shu)》安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)結(jie)論,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫安全(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)級為二類壩(ba),(具體(ti)內容(rong)見附錄(lu)大(da)壩(ba)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)書(shu))2005年(nian)9月省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘(kan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)計院完成《皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫加固(gu)改造(zao)初步設(she)計報(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)》2005年(nian)12月經(jing)寧波市(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和改革委員會(hui)批(pi)復立(li)項,區府已(yi)把皎(jiao)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫加固(gu)改造(zao)工(gong)(gong)程列入(ru)2007年(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程計劃。