銀(yin)杏壽命長,適合(he)于生(sheng)長在水熱(re)條件(jian)比較優(you)越的(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)季風區。土(tu)壤(rang)為黃壤(rang)或黃棕壤(rang),PH值5~6。金庭鎮(zhen)(西(xi)山)屬于典型(xing)的(de)北亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)氣(qi)候(hou),四(si)季分明,溫暖(nuan)濕潤,雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛,日照充足,無霜期長,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫16℃,年(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)(liang)1000~1300mm,年(nian)平均(jun)日照時間2176小時,加上此處擁有(you)一級的(de)空氣(qi)、一級的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)和二(er)級的(de)水質,極(ji)宜(yi)銀(yin)杏等(deng)農作物(wu)生(sheng)長。
銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),古(gu)稱鴨(ya)腳(jiao);又(you)名白(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)、公孫(sun)樹(shu)(shu)。其銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)狀如鴨(ya)腳(jiao)而得名;又(you)因其果(guo)(guo)(guo)色銀(yin)白(bai)(bai),外形如杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)子,故(gu)稱“銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。去果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮后,核光潔呈玉白(bai)(bai)色,而稱“白(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)”。銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生長緩慢,爺爺種(zhong)樹(shu)(shu),孫(sun)子得益,故(gu)稱“公孫(sun)樹(shu)(shu)”。銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)我國所特有的(de)經濟林果(guo)(guo)(guo)和綠化(hua)美化(hua)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong),它是(shi)目(mu)前地球(qiu)上(shang)最(zui)古(gu)老(lao)、神(shen)奇的(de)一種(zhong)高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物,為史前遺物,至秋一片金黃,固又(you)有“金色活化(hua)石(shi)”的(de)美譽。孑遺之后的(de)現(xian)代銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),歷(li)經百萬年以上(shang)的(de)各種(zhong)氣候(hou)環境,不(bu)僅表現(xian)了強(qiang)(qiang)大(da)的(de)適應能力(li),而且(qie)在(zai)形態上(shang)至今很(hen)少改變(bian),因此有人說銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一種(zhong)不(bu)可思議的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)物。銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)這(zhe)種(zhong)頑(wan)強(qiang)(qiang)和古(gu)老(lao),象征著中華民族的(de)一種(zhong)品格(ge)和精神(shen),因此,有不(bu)少專家(jia)都呼吁把(ba)它定(ding)為國樹(shu)(shu)。
銀杏(xing)全(quan)身是寶,具(ju)有(you)極(ji)高(gao)的經濟價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)藥用(yong)(yong)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)。銀杏(xing)有(you)豐富的蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)質、脂肪、磷、鐵等營(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)分(fen)。西(xi)山人(ren)有(you)每(mei)(mei)(mei)天“七(qi)顆(ke)白(bai)(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)沖(chong)雞蛋”的保健說法。但銀杏(xing)有(you)微(wei)毒,不(bu)易(yi)食用(yong)(yong)太多。李時(shi)(shi)珍《本(ben)草綱目(mu)》載(zai):“小(xiao)苦(ku)微(wei)甘。性溫有(you)小(xiao)毒,多食令人(ren)臚脹”。因此(ci),食用(yong)(yong)銀杏(xing)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)量。兒童一(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)天食用(yong)(yong)一(yi)次(ci)不(bu)宜(yi)(yi)超過(guo)10顆(ke),成(cheng)人(ren)一(yi)次(ci)也應控制在20顆(ke)以(yi)內為(wei)佳。據《隨(sui)息居飲食譜》載(zai):“中(zhong)銀杏(xing)毒者,昏暈如醉,白(bai)(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)殼或白(bai)(bai)(bai)鲞頭(tou)煎湯解(jie)之(zhi)。”除此(ci)之(zhi)外,用(yong)(yong)元(yuan)寸(麝香)一(yi)分(fen),調溫水(shui)服后即(ji)可(ke)(ke)解(jie)毒,如果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遇到(dao)中(zhong)毒癥狀(zhuang)喘(chuan)咳(ke)痰稠者,宜(yi)(yi)配入(ru)(ru)清(qing)熱之(zhi)藥解(jie)之(zhi)。白(bai)(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)雖有(you)小(xiao)毒,但它早就被我國古代(dai)醫家(jia)用(yong)(yong)來治(zhi)療(liao)皮膚病及外科感染,可(ke)(ke)治(zhi)療(liao)鼻面(mian)(mian)黑斑、酒渣鼻及頭(tou)面(mian)(mian)瘡癬等。此(ci)外,白(bai)(bai)(bai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)能斂肺氣(qi)、定喘(chuan)嗽(sou)、止帶(dai)濁、縮小(xiao)便,治(zhi)哮喘(chuan)、痰嗽(sou)、遺精(jing)、淋病等。家(jia)居常以(yi)少量作(zuo)八寶粥、八寶飯及炒(chao)菜的輔料(liao)(liao),近(jin)(jin)年來已成(cheng)為(wei)制高(gao)級滋補品(pin)和(he)(he)(he)化(hua)妝品(pin)的原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)之(zhi)一(yi),身價(jia)(jia)(jia)百(bai)倍(bei),價(jia)(jia)(jia)格最(zui)高(gao)的時(shi)(shi)候(hou)一(yi)度達到(dao)每(mei)(mei)(mei)百(bai)斤2000元(yuan)之(zhi)上,被人(ren)們譽為(wei)“搖錢樹(shu)(shu)”、“黃金樹(shu)(shu)”,主要銷往日本(ben)和(he)(he)(he)東南亞地(di)區。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)仁(ren)肉質碧綠糯軟(ruan),營(ying)養(yang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)值(zhi)極(ji)高(gao);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮、葉均(jun)可(ke)(ke)入(ru)(ru)藥;樹(shu)(shu)干材質致密,是制高(gao)級家(jia)具(ju)、雕刻、木模(mo)、匾額(e)的良好材料(liao)(liao)。西(xi)山種植銀杏(xing)的歷史始(shi)于(yu)唐(tang)代(dai),至清(qing)代(dai)時(shi)(shi)發展較快。林屋洞、俞家(jia)渡附近(jin)(jin)一(yi)帶(dai)和(he)(he)(he)金石(shi)村(cun)一(yi)線,銀杏(xing)樹(shu)(shu)比較多。其它地(di)方都是零星(xing)點綴。銀杏(xing)品(pin)種較多,西(xi)山主要有(you)大佛(fo)手、小(xiao)佛(fo)手、洞庭皇、大圓(yuan)珠(zhu)、小(xiao)圓(yuan)珠(zhu)、鴨屁股(gu)圓(yuan)珠(zhu)等。其中(zhong)以(yi)大佛(fo)手和(he)(he)(he)洞庭皇為(wei)最(zui)優。
西山的(de)銀(yin)(yin)杏分佛手與梅核兩(liang)類,主要品種(zhong)有大佛手、小(xiao)佛手、洞庭(ting)(ting)皇等。其中(zhong)以(yi)洞庭(ting)(ting)皇和大佛手為(wei)最好。銀(yin)(yin)杏中(zhong)秋前采收,果皮有毒(du),不能用手直接接觸,須悶(men)堆(dui)幾天后戴橡皮手套(tao)去皮,以(yi)免皮膚中(zhong)毒(du)潰爛。果核即為(wei)成品白果,可(ke)炒可(ke)煮,去殼(ke)而食(shi),但不能多吃(chi),數顆(ke)即止,否則易中(zhong)毒(du),輕(qing)者(zhe)脹痛,嚴重的(de)可(ke)危及生命。
“太(tai)湖綠(lv)”是由蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)西(xi)山國(guo)(guo)家現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區有(you)(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)于2001年6月經(jing)國(guo)(guo)家商(shang)標(biao)(biao)局(ju)注(zhu)冊批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)商(shang)標(biao)(biao),并于2003年、2006年連續(xu)兩次被(bei)工商(shang)局(ju)評(ping)為江蘇(su)(su)省著(zhu)名商(shang)標(biao)(biao)。蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)西(xi)山國(guo)(guo)家現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區有(you)(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)(下稱“園(yuan)區”)是經(jing)國(guo)(guo)家農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綜合(he)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)辦批(pi)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范園(yuan)區,其有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)是他的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)、開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)主體,致力于現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),綠(lv)色(se)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。對(dui)西(xi)山的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)資源進(jin)行開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa),整(zheng)合(he)枇(pi)杷、楊梅、板栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)等(deng)果品(pin)。為發(fa)(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),在市(shi)場經(jing)濟中走出一條新(xin)的(de)(de)道路,帶領農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)致富(fu),為此創立了“太(tai)湖綠(lv)”------一個嶄(zhan)新(xin)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)品(pin)牌。“太(tai)湖綠(lv)”商(shang)標(biao)(biao)主要在本單位生產(chan)的(de)(de)新(xin)鮮蔬菜(黃(huang)瓜、番茄、彩色(se)甜椒等(deng))、水果(枇(pi)杷、楊梅、板栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)、草莓(mei)、石榴(liu)等(deng))上使用。生產(chan)的(de)(de)太(tai)湖綠(lv)枇(pi)杷、楊梅、板栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)等(deng)通過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證,市(shi)場供不應(ying)求(qiu),已有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)知名度(du),其產(chan)品(pin)先(xian)后被(bei)評(ping)為蘇(su)(su)州(zhou)名牌產(chan)品(pin),獲得第三(san)屆江蘇(su)(su)省特(te)優(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)博覽會最佳產(chan)品(pin)獎。