平(ping)利(li)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)，葫蘆科絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬植物。中(zhong)藥(yao)材品種(zhong)，陜西省平(ping)利(li)縣特產(chan)(chan)，中(zhong)國國家(jia)地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品。平(ping)利(li)是(shi)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的自(zi)然分布(bu)分化中(zhong)心，有“絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)故(gu)鄉”之稱，獨(du)特的區域小生(sheng)(sheng)態環境十分適宜絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的生(sheng)(sheng)長發育(yu)，是(shi)中(zhong)國開發最早、規模最大(da)的絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人工栽培基地(di)縣、國家(jia)絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)標(biao)準化示范區。平(ping)利(li)縣絞(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)品以純天(tian)然、無公害和(he)富(fu)含微量元素走俏日本、北京、廣州(zhou)等市(shi)場。

種植條件

絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)被醫學界譽為東方神草(cao)、人間福(fu)音(yin)草(cao)，但(dan)其(qi)對土壤、氣候等條件(jian)要求較(jiao)高，中(zhong)國(guo)除(chu)福(fu)建、湖北、云南、四(si)川(chuan)等省有(you)少量(liang)種(zhong)植外，地處(chu)(chu)北亞熱帶濕潤(run)季風氣候區的(de)平(ping)利縣，由(you)于(yu)雨量(liang)充沛，氣候溫和(he)(he)，日照充足(zu)，無霜期時間長，土壤有(you)害物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang)低，成為中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)生態型(xing)藥用植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)植示(shi)范基地的(de)最佳區域。據統(tong)計，2007年，中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)人工種(zhong)植面積約7萬畝，陜(shan)西省只有(you)安康(kang)市發展絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)業，全市種(zhong)植面積2．8萬畝，平(ping)利占了2萬畝，種(zhong)植面積和(he)(he)原料(liao)產(chan)量(liang)占全中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)35%以上，苦味絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)屬(shu)中(zhong)國(guo)獨有(you)品種(zhong)，選育的(de)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)良種(zhong)有(you)效物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)含量(liang)比其(qi)他品種(zhong)和(he)(he)區域高5個(ge)百分點，處(chu)(chu)于(yu)國(guo)際領(ling)先(xian)水平(ping)。平(ping)利縣是中(zhong)國(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)自然分布分化中(zhong)心，在世界上已發現(xian)的(de)16種(zhong)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)屬(shu)植物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)，該(gai)縣就(jiu)占了7種(zhong)，其(qi)皂甙含量(liang)高達12.2%，理化指標位居榜首。

生產情況

安(an)康自古以來就盛產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材，歷史上(shang)被(bei)稱為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材之(zhi)鄉”。《唐書·地(di)(di)(di)理志》就有(you)(you)金(jin)州(zhou)杜(du)仲(zhong)、秦艽、黃(huang)(huang)柏(bo)(bo)等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材作為(wei)“貢品(pin)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)。鎮坪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)連(lian)(lian)、紫陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚樸、嵐皋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杜(du)仲(zhong)、平利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)八仙黨參等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)聞名遐(xia)邇。200多年(nian)前這里就是“山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)農(nong)過(guo)半，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)商絡繹不絕”。據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資源(yuan)普查，全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)類1299種(zhong)(zhong)，總數占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)省53%以上(shang)。屬(shu)于2000年(nian)版(ban)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》收(shou)(shou)載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材290種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)、葛根、黃(huang)(huang)姜、黃(huang)(huang)連(lian)(lian)、當歸、杜(du)仲(zhong)、淫羊(yang)藿、葉下珠、黃(huang)(huang)柏(bo)(bo)、厚樸、麝香、蜈蚣、熊(xiong)膽、桔梗、秦巴硒(xi)菇(gu)、玄參、獨活(huo)、云木香、川牛膝、豬苓、魔(mo)芋（藥(yao)(yao)(yao)食(shi)兩用）等(deng)產(chan)(chan)量居全(quan)(quan)省首(shou)位。自20世紀70年(nian)代(dai)初開(kai)始，平利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)著手絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)統研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)開(kai)發工(gong)作，先(xian)后攻克了(le)(le)(le)野生馴化(hua)(hua)(hua)、無(wu)性快(kuai)速繁殖、病蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治和科學采收(shou)(shou)等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列人(ren)工(gong)栽培難(nan)題(ti)，研(yan)(yan)制出(chu)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)、飲料、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)等(deng)系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)，隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)加(jia)(jia)入WTO，為(wei)讓絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)打入國(guo)(guo)(guo)際市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，平利(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)了(le)(le)(le)建設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)第一(yi)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)步伐，成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)由縣(xian)(xian)長(chang)掛帥(shuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導小組，采取公司+基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)+農(nong)戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式，吸引(yin)安(an)康正大(da)和北醫大(da)制藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)限公司投資500余萬元，在(zai)城關、長(chang)安(an)兩鎮建設GAP藥(yao)(yao)(yao)源(yuan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)，扶持組建了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)盛、五和、國(guo)(guo)(guo)彩等(deng)3個絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)龍頭企業(ye)(ye)和25個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)企業(ye)(ye)，實行(xing)訂單生產(chan)(chan)，建成(cheng)(cheng)2萬畝國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范(fan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。同(tong)時(shi)，建立完善(shan)了(le)(le)(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)推廣(guang)和標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)監測三(san)大(da)體系(xi)，成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)課題(ti)組，形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)以縣(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心為(wei)龍頭，縣(xian)(xian)、鎮、村三(san)級為(wei)紐帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)推廣(guang)網絡，培育出(chu)11個新(xin)品(pin)系(xi)，起草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)列7項(xiang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)被(bei)發布為(wei)省級地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，填補了(le)(le)(le)陜(shan)西省執行(xing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)項(xiang)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)省級地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。此外，他們實行(xing)政策(ce)傾斜，累計投入700多萬元扶持絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)發展(zhan)，召開(kai)現(xian)場(chang)會(hui)(hui)、培訓(xun)會(hui)(hui)200余場(chang)次，培訓(xun)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)骨干、示(shi)范(fan)大(da)戶10000多人(ren)次，印發技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)資料20000余份，標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)普及(ji)率達(da)95%以上(shang)，創造出(chu)畝產(chan)(chan)鮮草(cao)5000公斤(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奇跡。2005年(nian)6月，“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)程”試點基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)項(xiang)目在(zai)陜(shan)西平利(li)(li)正式啟動，平利(li)(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)十(shi)大(da)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi)，該縣(xian)(xian)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)連(lian)(lian)獲(huo)三(san)項(xiang)殊(shu)榮：絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)示(shi)范(fan)區通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)驗收(shou)(shou)；有(you)(you)機(ji)絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)獲(huo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)認(ren)證(zheng)；絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)原產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)域保護(hu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。絞(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)以純(chun)天然、無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)和富含微量元素走俏日本、北京、廣(guang)州(zhou)等(deng)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，年(nian)銷售量達(da)500噸(dun)，實現(xian)產(chan)(chan)值4000余萬元，僅此一(yi)項(xiang)可為(wei)農(nong)民年(nian)人(ren)均增收(shou)(shou)170元，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)促農(nong)增收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)亮點，先(xian)后獲(huo)得曼谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)優(you)質農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)及(ji)科技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)設備展(zhan)覽會(hui)(hui)銀獎(jiang)、陜(shan)西省第三(san)屆(jie)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)交易洽談會(hui)(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、首(shou)屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)楊陵農(nong)科城技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)博覽會(hui)(hui)金(jin)像獎(jiang)。