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自然生態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷(li)史因素(su)

1、地貌：于田縣(xian)位(wei)于昆侖山北麓(lu)，塔克拉瑪干沙漠南緣，東(dong)西(xi)寬30-120公里，南北跨度長約466公里，地形呈(cheng)牛腿狀，全縣(xian)地勢南高北低(di)，南北高差3500米。自南向北形成(cheng)高山、河谷、戈壁、綠洲(zhou)、平原、戈壁、沙漠等地貌類型。

2、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候：于田縣屬(shu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)帶內(nei)陸干旱荒漠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，南部(bu)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)冷涼，半溫(wen)(wen)潤氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)(qu)，中部(bu)平(ping)(ping)原暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)干旱氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)(qu)和北部(bu)暖(nuan)溫(wen)(wen)極端干旱沙漠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)(qu)。本縣氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候的主要特點是：四季分明、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)，熱量(liang)(liang)資(zi)源豐(feng)富，光照(zhao)充足，降水(shui)稀少，蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)大(da)，春夏多風沙和浮塵等災(zai)害(hai)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)11.6℃，平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)48mm，蒸發(fa)量(liang)(liang)是2432mm，北部(bu)沙漠地(di)帶降水(shui)量(liang)(liang)僅為(wei)(wei)12毫米(mi)，年日照(zhao)總(zong)數為(wei)(wei)2769小時，日照(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)62%，平(ping)(ping)原區(qu)(qu)年總(zong)輻射量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)143卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)，是輻射高值區(qu)(qu)，大(da)部(bu)分灌區(qu)(qu)多年平(ping)(ping)均無霜期為(wei)(wei)213天(tian)(tian)。平(ping)(ping)原綠(lv)洲年平(ping)(ping)均風速(su)1.8米(mi)/秒，風速(su)以春季最大(da)，平(ping)(ping)均2.2米(mi)/秒，秋冬季最小，平(ping)(ping)均為(wei)(wei)1.4米(mi)/秒，春季盛行東北風。

3、水(shui)文(wen)：于(yu)田縣(xian)地(di)廣河(he)多(duo)，全縣(xian)境(jing)內發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)山區的(de)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)共11條，其中可(ke)利(li)(li)用(yong)河(he)流(liu)5條，平(ping)均(jun)年總徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)8.554億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。年徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)2.7887億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)儲存量(liang)為(wei)3186.84億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)綜合補(bu)給(gei)量(liang)6.7294億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，山前(qian)礫(li)石帶以下(xia)綠色平(ping)原(yuan)區的(de)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)可(ke)利(li)(li)用(yong)開采量(liang)為(wei)2.28億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)昆侖山的(de)克里雅河(he)自南向北縱貫(guan)全境(jing)，全長約530千米(mi)(mi)，上中游水(shui)能(neng)蘊藏量(liang)為(wei)10.5萬(wan)kw，可(ke)開發(fa)利(li)(li)用(yong)量(liang)5.28萬(wan)kw，年可(ke)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)34214萬(wan)度。于(yu)田縣(xian)水(shui)域面積(ji)為(wei)69540畝，其中宜(yi)養面積(ji)8770畝，現在利(li)(li)用(yong)養殖面積(ji)2600畝。

4、濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)稻(dao)區：于(yu)田(tian)(tian)縣(xian)波斯坦(tan)稻(dao)田(tian)(tian)是于(yu)田(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨民間養殖的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源地(di)(di)(di)，因有(you)(you)大片的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)水域(yu)，又被成為“和(he)田(tian)(tian)小(xiao)江南”，區域(yu)內水資(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu)，地(di)(di)(di)下水位高(gao)，水草茂盛，極為適宜發(fa)(fa)展麻(ma)鴨養殖。1975年成立(li)到田(tian)(tian)指揮部(bu)后，其管轄范(fan)圍內已(yi)開發(fa)(fa)利用的(de)(de)稻(dao)田(tian)(tian)已(yi)有(you)(you)4.2萬(wan)(wan)畝、還未開發(fa)(fa)利用的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)6.3萬(wan)(wan)畝。沿(yan)315國道從東向西進入于(yu)田(tian)(tian)縣(xian)境內，國道兩旁的(de)(de)克里(li)雅河流域(yu)灌溉(gai)區內，均有(you)(you)稻(dao)田(tian)(tian)分布(bu)(bu)。主要集中(zhong)(zhong)在國道兩旁的(de)(de)先拜(bai)巴扎鎮、斯也克鄉(xiang)(xiang)、喀爾克鄉(xiang)(xiang)、托格日尕孜鄉(xiang)(xiang)、西窩勒(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、拉(la)伊蘇良種場和(he)克里(li)雅河中(zhong)(zhong)下游的(de)(de)英巴格鄉(xiang)(xiang)、達(da)里(li)雅布(bu)(bu)依鄉(xiang)(xiang)也有(you)(you)大片的(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)，濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)積達(da)到8000畝。全縣(xian)3.8畝稻(dao)區濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積為規模化集中(zhong)(zhong)養殖于(yu)田(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨提(ti)供了得天獨厚的(de)(de)環(huan)境優勢。

三.地域范圍

于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨農產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區域(yu)(yu)隸(li)屬新疆(jiang)維(wei)吾爾自治區和田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)區于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣，東臨民豐縣，西(xi)連策勒(le)縣，南接于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣蘭(lan)干鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)托(tuo)格(ge)拉克(ke)村闊納巴格(ge)小隊和奧依(yi)托(tuo)格(ge)拉克(ke)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)吐米亞村，北接于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣達里(li)雅布依(yi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。地(di)(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東經81°09′—82°51′，北緯35°41′—39°29′。地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)總面(mian)積1.8萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)產量：純種于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨公(gong)鴨1.8萬(wan)羽，純種于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨母鴨5.4萬(wan)羽，商(shang)品于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨35萬(wan)羽。于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)麻(ma)鴨農產品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)包括：于(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣奧依(yi)托(tuo)克(ke)拉克(ke)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、木(mu)哈(ha)拉鎮(zhen)、阿熱勒(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、英巴格(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、加(jia)依(yi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、科克(ke)亞鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、阿日希鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭(lan)干鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、蘭(lan)干農場、先拜(bai)巴扎鎮(zhen)、斯也克(ke)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、勞(lao)改農場、托(tuo)格(ge)日尕孜(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)窩勒(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、拉伊蘇(su)良(liang)種場、國營(ying)羊(yang)場、喀爾克(ke)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、老城(cheng)區，轄11鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)2鎮(zhen)4場1區。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外在感觀特(te)征:于田麻(ma)(ma)鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)屬肉蛋用型鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)種。個(ge)頭(tou)(tou)中(zhong)等，頸(jing)(jing)(jing)修(xiu)長(chang)。胸較淺(qian)，軀干呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)方形。公鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)外貌(mao)特(te)征：頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至頸(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黑色(se)(se)，頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至頸(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黑色(se)(se)，頸(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)層(ceng)圈呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)白色(se)(se)（有(you)些(xie)(xie)寬(kuan)而明(ming)顯、有(you)些(xie)(xie)窄而模糊、有(you)些(xie)(xie)無），頸(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、胸部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)灰(hui)(hui)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)灰(hui)(hui)色(se)(se)，腹部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)灰(hui)(hui)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)白色(se)(se)，背(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、翅膀表面呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)灰(hui)(hui)麻(ma)(ma)，臀部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)灰(hui)(hui)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)白色(se)(se)，尾(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黑色(se)(se)。展開翅膀，外側灰(hui)(hui)羽(yu)和(he)白羽(yu)相(xiang)間(jian)、內(nei)(nei)側為白羽(yu)，嘴、脛(jing)(jing)、爪、蹼(pu)均呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se)(se)。母鴨(ya)(ya)(ya)外貌(mao)特(te)征：頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至頸(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)深(shen)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)，頸(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)層(ceng)圈呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)白色(se)(se)（有(you)些(xie)(xie)寬(kuan)而明(ming)顯、有(you)些(xie)(xie)窄而模糊、有(you)些(xie)(xie)無），頸(jing)(jing)(jing)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、胸部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)深(shen)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)，腹部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)或(huo)白麻(ma)(ma)，背(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、翅膀表面呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)，臀部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)淺(qian)褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)白色(se)(se)，尾(wei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)深(shen)褐(he)麻(ma)(ma)。展開翅膀，外側褐(he)羽(yu)、白羽(yu)和(he)灰(hui)(hui)藍羽(yu)相(xiang)間(jian)、內(nei)(nei)側為白羽(yu)，嘴、脛(jing)(jing)、爪、蹼(pu)均呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃色(se)(se)。

2、內在品(pin)質指標：

（1）于田麻(ma)鴨肉內在品(pin)質獨(du)具特色，水(shui)解氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)(suan)含量為(wei)12.42-12.96（g/100g）（其中(zhong)，天冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.18-1.22%、蘇氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.53-0.56%、絲(si)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.49-0.52%、谷氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)2.05-2.08%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.03-1.06%、丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.83-0.86%、胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.11-0.14%、纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.62-0.65%、甲硫氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.22-0.25%、異(yi)亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.54-0.57%、亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.95-0.98%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.37-0.4%、苯丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.47-0.5%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.38-0.41%、賴氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.09-1.13%、精氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.86-0.9%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.7-0.73%），脂(zhi)肪含量為(wei)0.51-0.63（g/100g）（其中(zhong)，棕(zong)櫚酸(suan)(suan)占21.3%、硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)占7.9%、油脂(zhi)占50.9%、亞(ya)油酸(suan)(suan)占17.9%、亞(ya)麻(ma)油占0.4%)，微量元素含量20.97-21.47mg /kg（其中(zhong)，鈣(gai)1.242-1.297mg/kg 、鎂1.731-1.805mg/kg、鋅15.96-16.28mg/kg、銅1.98-2.03mg/kg、錳0.00047-0.00057mg/kg、硒(xi)0.0536-0.0582mg/kg）。

（2）于(yu)田麻(ma)鴨蛋營養豐富，水(shui)解氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)(suan)含量為(wei)12.938-14.11（g/100g）（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，天冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.19-1.24%、蘇氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.68-0.75%、絲氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.99-1.04%、谷氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.81-1.92%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.41-0.47%、丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.59-0.67%、胱氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.28-0.34%、纈氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.82-0.89%、甲硫氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.56-0.63%、異亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.59-0.65%、亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)1.06-1.14%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.57-0.64%、苯丙(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.81-0.87%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.46-0.53%、賴(lai)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.92-1.03%、精(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.69-0.75%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)0.48-0.55%），脂(zhi)肪含量為(wei)13.03-13.25（g/100g）（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，棕櫚酸(suan)(suan)占35.9%、硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)占10.4%、油脂(zhi)占44.3%、亞油酸(suan)(suan)占9.5%)，微量元素含量24.82-25.07mg/kg（其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，鈣7.398-7.412mg/kg、鎂1.389-1.398mg/kg、鋅14.96-15.07mg/kg、銅0.81-0.92mg/kg、錳0.0015-0.0018mg/kg、硒0.257-0.265mg/kg）。

3、產品質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)規定:于(yu)田麻(ma)(ma)(ma)鴨(ya)質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)符(fu)(fu)合CB/T5009.92-2003、CB/T17377-2008、CB/T5009.124-2003和NO?2015（產）RZ0077綠色(se)鴨(ya)肉食品的要(yao)求(qiu)，于(yu)田麻(ma)(ma)(ma)鴨(ya)蛋質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)符(fu)(fu)合CB/T5009.92-2003、CB/T17377-2008、CB/T5009.124-2003和NO?2015（產）RZ0083綠色(se)鴨(ya)蛋食品的要(yao)求(qiu)，于(yu)田麻(ma)(ma)(ma)鴨(ya)飲用(yong)水(shui)符(fu)(fu)合NO?2015（產）RZ0082綠色(se)飲用(yong)水(shui)的要(yao)求(qiu)。