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產品簡介

產于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省(sheng)伊春市。紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)屬國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)瀕危(wei)物種(zhong)，我國(guo)最(zui)大面積的(de)紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)原始(shi)林在(zai)伊春林區，伊春也以(yi)“紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)故鄉”之稱聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇，馳名(ming)中外。在(zai)伊春開發(fa)初期(qi)，就形成了堅強不屈的(de)“紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)精神(shen)”。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)(zi)為紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種(zhong)子，野(ye)生紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)需生長50年后方(fang)開始(shi)結籽(zi)(zi)，成熟期(qi)約(yue)兩年，因此極為珍貴。而伊春被(bei)譽為“紅(hong)(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)故鄉”，出產的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)(zi)自然最(zui)地道正宗。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)(zi)是(shi)重(zhong)要的(de)中藥，久食健身(shen)心，滋潤(run)皮膚，延(yan)年益壽(shou)。明朝李時(shi)珍對松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)(zi)的(de)藥用曾(ceng)給予很高(gao)的(de)評價，他(ta)在(zai)《本草綱目》中寫道：“松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子，釋名(ming)新羅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)(zi)，氣(qi)(qi)味甘小無毒(du)；主治骨節(jie)風(feng)、頭眩、去死(si)肌、變白、散(san)水氣(qi)(qi)、潤(run)五臟、逐風(feng)痹(bi)寒氣(qi)(qi)，虛贏少(shao)氣(qi)(qi)補不足，肥五臟，散(san)諸風(feng)、濕(shi)腸胃(wei)，久服身(shen)輕，延(yan)年不老(lao)”。

地域范圍

伊春市(shi)(shi)位于黑(hei)龍江(jiang)省東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)，小(xiao)興安嶺縱貫全(quan)境，東與蘿北(bei)(bei)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、鶴崗(gang)市(shi)(shi)、湯(tang)(tang)原縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)相鄰，南與依蘭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、通河縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤，西(xi)接慶安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、綏棱縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，北(bei)(bei)通遜克縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)；北(bei)(bei)部(bu)嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與俄羅(luo)斯(si)隔江(jiang)相望，界江(jiang)長246公里。伊春紅松籽地(di)理標(biao)志保護區(qu)(qu)域范圍為(wei)東經127°42′-130°14′，北(bei)(bei)緯46°28′-49°21′。包(bao)括鐵力市(shi)(shi)、嘉蔭(yin)(yin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、伊美區(qu)(qu)、友(you)好區(qu)(qu)、友(you)好區(qu)(qu)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湯(tang)(tang)旺(wang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、湯(tang)(tang)旺(wang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、烏馬河區(qu)(qu)、烏翠區(qu)(qu)、大箐山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南岔區(qu)(qu)、伊美區(qu)(qu)、金(jin)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)、金(jin)林(lin)區(qu)(qu)、鐵力局、雙豐局、桃(tao)山局、朗(lang)鄉局21個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)（市(shi)(shi)）、區(qu)(qu)、局。

產地環境

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況：伊春(chun)(chun)行政區劃面積3.3萬平(ping)(ping)方公里，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積占80%，平(ping)(ping)均海拔(ba)為(wei)400米左右，最(zui)高山(shan)(shan)峰為(wei)平(ping)(ping)頂山(shan)(shan)，海拔(ba)1429米。伊春(chun)(chun)市(shi)整個地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西低東高，南(nan)低北高，南(nan)北長(chang)325公里，東西寬145公里，呈狹長(chang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形，地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特征為(wei)“八山(shan)(shan)半水半草(cao)一分田”。伊春(chun)(chun)現有林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)近300萬公頃，森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率為(wei)80.6%，是(shi)全(quan)國重要(yao)的國有林(lin)(lin)區。全(quan)市(shi)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要(yao)是(shi)黑土(tu)(tu)、草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)和(he)白漿土(tu)(tu)，林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要(yao)是(shi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)暗棕壤(rang)和(he)棕色(se)針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)自然肥力高，有機質(zhi)含(han)量高，表層腐殖質(zhi)含(han)量高。

（2）水(shui)文情況：伊春市(shi)(shi)境(jing)內溝谷密布，水(shui)系發(fa)達(da)，總蓄水(shui)量102億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，其(qi)中地(di)表水(shui)資源為78億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，地(di)下(xia)水(shui)資源為24億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)境(jing)內共有大小河(he)流676條，分屬黑龍江和(he)松(song)花江兩大水(shui)系。由于全(quan)市(shi)(shi)地(di)處林區，耕地(di)面積較少，所以畝(mu)均占有水(shui)量偏高。

（3）氣候情況：伊春屬寒溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣候，冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷漫(man)長(chang)(chang)，春秋季(ji)節分明，夏季(ji)短暫。年(nian)積溫1990-2550℃，年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)550-650毫米(mi)，全市日照時數平均為2390.8小時，年(nian)無霜期90-125天，適合北方大(da)部分農作(zuo)物的生長(chang)(chang)，特(te)別是對紅(hong)松籽(zi)的生長(chang)(chang)極為有利。

（4）人(ren)文歷(li)史情況：伊春(chun)的紅松(song)籽采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)歷(li)史較早，有人(ren)煙時開始就把紅松(song)籽當野果進(jin)行采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)，到目前根據國(guo)家森林管護(hu)政策和野生動植物管理條例，以及當地(di)政府政策規定，各林場所進(jin)行集中(zhong)管護(hu)，到采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)季節進(jin)行統(tong)一采(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)、統(tong)一收購(gou)。

生產要求

紅(hong)松籽9月中旬(xun)成熟，利(li)用人工采摘松果，9月下旬(xun)開始(shi)用機器脫粒(li)、晾曬、貯藏。如用于(yu)果仁加工，一(yi)般10月初開始(shi)，流(liu)程如下：

（1）松籽用烘干(gan)室進(jin)行烘干(gan)或(huo)晾曬，使含水量降(jiang)到10%以下，外邊硬殼較脆。

（2）干的松籽用篩子進行篩選，按顆(ke)粒(li)大小分成六等，分別裝袋。

（3）篩選(xuan)后(hou)的紅(hong)松籽(zi)按號放到(dao)調好的破(po)殼(ke)(ke)上進行破(po)殼(ke)(ke)，破(po)殼(ke)(ke)后(hou)收集起來裝桶，這個過程就注意果仁(ren)劃傷（殼(ke)(ke)和果仁(ren)混在一起）。

（4）將破殼后的(de)松籽運到烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)室烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)。烘(hong)(hong)大(da)約6小時(shi)左右（烘(hong)(hong)干(gan)室溫度在60-80度），使果仁的(de)含水量降到5-3%左右。

（5）將烘干好的果仁(ren)和果皮的混合物放到吹(chui)風(feng)機上進行吹(chui)風(feng)。通過(guo)吹(chui)風(feng)，使果仁(ren)和果皮進行分離，去掉大部(bu)分硬殼和軟皮（大約85%以上）。

（6）將吹(chui)好的含少量的果(guo)(guo)皮的果(guo)(guo)仁(ren)送(song)到(dao)挑選(xuan)車間(jian)，用(yong)人(ren)工進(jin)行挑選(xuan)。分出A、BC三級(ji)成品果(guo)(guo)仁(ren)，同時去(qu)掉果(guo)(guo)仁(ren)外(wai)面的紅色軟皮、費料等。

（7）將挑(tiao)選好的果(guo)仁再(zai)用(yong)吹(chui)軟皮的風(feng)機進(jin)行吹(chui)風(feng)，去掉雜質和軟皮后，按等級進(jin)行定量包裝就可以出售了。

品質特征

（1）外在(zai)感官特征：伊春紅(hong)松籽外觀(guan)呈棕褐色，籽粒飽滿，新鮮(xian)成實；紅(hong)松籽仁(ren)(ren)應為(wei)乳白色、黃色，果仁(ren)(ren)味道鮮(xian)美(mei)，回味綿長。

（2）內在品質指標：伊春的紅松籽(zi)含有豐富(fu)的脂肪、蛋白質、碳水化合(he)物、維生素A和(he)E，以及人(ren)體必需的脂肪酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、亞(ya)油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)來麻酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，還含有其它植(zhi)物所沒(mei)有的皮諾斂酸(suan)(suan)(suan)。伊春紅松籽(zi)仁粗(cu)脂肪≥60%，酸(suan)(suan)(suan)價0.30mg/g，不飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)(suan)(suan)含量90.3%，鈣203.2mg/kg，鐵36.6mg/kg。

執行標準

伊(yi)春紅(hong)松(song)籽(zi)應嚴格(ge)按(an)照(zhao)（NY5324-2006）標(biao)(biao)準執(zhi)行(xing)。銷售的(de)紅(hong)松(song)籽(zi)，應按(an)照(zhao)《中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全法》的(de)相關規(gui)定進行(xing)包裝；標(biao)(biao)志使用人應在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或其(qi)包裝上統一使用農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志（伊(yi)春紅(hong)松(song)籽(zi)名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)型式）；運(yun)輸、貯藏(zang)應符合《中華人民共(gong)和國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量安全法》的(de)相關規(gui)定。