產品簡介
產于黑龍(long)江(jiang)省伊春市。紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)屬國家一級瀕危物種,我國最大(da)面積的(de)紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)原(yuan)始林在(zai)伊春林區,伊春也以“紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)故(gu)鄉”之稱聞名遐邇,馳名中外。在(zai)伊春開發初期(qi),就形成(cheng)了堅強不(bu)屈(qu)的(de)“紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)精(jing)神”。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)為紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種子,野生紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)需(xu)生長(chang)50年(nian)后方(fang)開始結籽(zi),成(cheng)熟期(qi)約兩年(nian),因此極為珍貴。而(er)伊春被譽為“紅(hong)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)故(gu)鄉”,出產的(de)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)自(zi)然(ran)最地道(dao)正宗。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)是重要(yao)的(de)中藥(yao),久食健身心(xin),滋(zi)潤皮膚,延年(nian)益(yi)壽。明(ming)朝李時珍對(dui)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi)的(de)藥(yao)用曾(ceng)給予很高的(de)評價,他在(zai)《本草綱(gang)目》中寫道(dao):“松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)子,釋名新(xin)羅(luo)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)籽(zi),氣味甘小無毒;主治骨(gu)節風、頭眩、去死(si)肌、變白、散水氣、潤五臟(zang)、逐風痹(bi)寒氣,虛贏(ying)少氣補不(bu)足,肥五臟(zang),散諸風、濕(shi)腸胃,久服身輕,延年(nian)不(bu)老”。
地域范圍
伊(yi)春市位于黑龍江省(sheng)東(dong)北(bei)部,小興安嶺縱貫(guan)全境,東(dong)與蘿北(bei)縣(xian)(xian)、鶴崗市、湯原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)相鄰,南(nan)(nan)與依蘭縣(xian)(xian)、通(tong)(tong)河縣(xian)(xian)接壤,西接慶安縣(xian)(xian)、綏棱縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)通(tong)(tong)遜克縣(xian)(xian);北(bei)部嘉蔭縣(xian)(xian)與俄羅斯隔江相望,界(jie)江長246公(gong)里。伊(yi)春紅(hong)松籽地(di)理標志(zhi)保護區(qu)域范(fan)圍為(wei)東(dong)經127°42′-130°14′,北(bei)緯46°28′-49°21′。包括鐵力市、嘉蔭縣(xian)(xian)、伊(yi)美(mei)區(qu)、友(you)好區(qu)、友(you)好區(qu)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)、豐林(lin)縣(xian)(xian)、湯旺(wang)縣(xian)(xian)、湯旺(wang)縣(xian)(xian)、烏(wu)馬河區(qu)、烏(wu)翠區(qu)、大(da)箐山縣(xian)(xian)、南(nan)(nan)岔區(qu)、伊(yi)美(mei)區(qu)、金林(lin)區(qu)、金林(lin)區(qu)、鐵力局(ju)、雙豐局(ju)、桃山局(ju)、朗(lang)鄉局(ju)21個縣(xian)(xian)(市)、區(qu)、局(ju)。
產地環境
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)情(qing)況:伊(yi)春(chun)行政(zheng)區(qu)劃(hua)面積(ji)(ji)3.3萬(wan)平方(fang)公里(li),山(shan)地(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)占80%,平均(jun)海拔為(wei)(wei)400米左(zuo)右,最高(gao)山(shan)峰為(wei)(wei)平頂山(shan),海拔1429米。伊(yi)春(chun)市整個(ge)地(di)(di)勢西(xi)低東高(gao),南(nan)低北(bei)高(gao),南(nan)北(bei)長325公里(li),東西(xi)寬(kuan)145公里(li),呈狹長地(di)(di)形,地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)特征(zheng)為(wei)(wei)“八山(shan)半水半草一分田”。伊(yi)春(chun)現有(you)(you)林(lin)地(di)(di)近300萬(wan)公頃,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率為(wei)(wei)80.6%,是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)重要的國(guo)有(you)(you)林(lin)區(qu)。全市耕地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要是(shi)(shi)黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)和白漿土(tu)(tu)(tu),林(lin)地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤主要是(shi)(shi)山(shan)地(di)(di)暗棕壤和棕色(se)針葉林(lin)土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)自然(ran)肥力高(gao),有(you)(you)機質含量高(gao),表(biao)層腐殖質含量高(gao)。
(2)水(shui)文情況:伊(yi)春市境(jing)(jing)內溝谷(gu)密布,水(shui)系(xi)發達(da),總蓄水(shui)量(liang)102億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),其中地表水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為78億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),地下水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)為24億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。全市境(jing)(jing)內共有大小河流676條,分屬黑(hei)龍江(jiang)和松花江(jiang)兩大水(shui)系(xi)。由于全市地處(chu)林區(qu),耕地面積較(jiao)少(shao),所以畝均占有水(shui)量(liang)偏高。
(3)氣(qi)候(hou)情況:伊春屬寒溫帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)漫長,春秋季(ji)節分明,夏季(ji)短暫(zan)。年(nian)積溫1990-2550℃,年(nian)降雨(yu)量550-650毫米,全市日照時(shi)數平(ping)均為2390.8小時(shi),年(nian)無(wu)霜期90-125天,適(shi)合北方大部(bu)分農(nong)作物的(de)(de)生長,特別是對紅松籽的(de)(de)生長極為有利。
(4)人(ren)文歷史(shi)情(qing)況:伊春的(de)紅松籽(zi)采摘(zhai)歷史(shi)較早,有(you)人(ren)煙時開(kai)始就把紅松籽(zi)當野果進(jin)行采摘(zhai),到(dao)目前根據國家森林(lin)管護政(zheng)策和野生動植物管理條例,以及當地政(zheng)府政(zheng)策規定,各林(lin)場所進(jin)行集(ji)中管護,到(dao)采摘(zhai)季節(jie)進(jin)行統(tong)一采摘(zhai)、統(tong)一收購(gou)。
生產要求
紅松(song)籽9月中旬成熟,利用(yong)人工(gong)采(cai)摘(zhai)松(song)果(guo),9月下(xia)旬開始(shi)用(yong)機(ji)器脫(tuo)粒、晾曬、貯藏。如(ru)用(yong)于果(guo)仁加(jia)工(gong),一般10月初開始(shi),流程如(ru)下(xia):
(1)松籽用烘干(gan)室進(jin)行烘干(gan)或(huo)晾曬,使含水量(liang)降到10%以下,外邊硬殼較脆(cui)。
(2)干的松籽用篩(shai)子進(jin)行篩(shai)選,按顆(ke)粒大小分成(cheng)六等,分別裝袋。
(3)篩選后(hou)的紅(hong)松籽按(an)號(hao)放到調(diao)好(hao)的破殼上進行(xing)破殼,破殼后(hou)收集(ji)起(qi)來裝桶,這個過程就注意(yi)果(guo)仁劃(hua)傷(殼和果(guo)仁混在一起(qi))。
(4)將破殼后的松籽運到烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)室(shi)烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)。烘(hong)大(da)約6小(xiao)時左右(you)(烘(hong)干(gan)(gan)室(shi)溫度(du)在60-80度(du)),使果仁的含水量降到5-3%左右(you)。
(5)將烘干好的果(guo)(guo)仁和果(guo)(guo)皮的混合物放到(dao)吹風(feng)(feng)機上進(jin)(jin)行吹風(feng)(feng)。通(tong)過吹風(feng)(feng),使(shi)果(guo)(guo)仁和果(guo)(guo)皮進(jin)(jin)行分離(li),去掉大部分硬殼(ke)和軟皮(大約85%以(yi)上)。
(6)將吹好的(de)含少量的(de)果皮(pi)的(de)果仁(ren)(ren)送(song)到挑選車(che)間,用人(ren)工進行挑選。分出A、BC三級成品果仁(ren)(ren),同時去(qu)掉果仁(ren)(ren)外面的(de)紅色(se)軟皮(pi)、費(fei)料等。
(7)將挑(tiao)選(xuan)好的果仁(ren)再用吹(chui)(chui)軟皮的風機進(jin)行吹(chui)(chui)風,去掉雜質和軟皮后,按等級進(jin)行定量包裝就可(ke)以出售了(le)。
品質特征
(1)外在感官特(te)征:伊(yi)春(chun)紅(hong)松(song)籽(zi)外觀呈棕褐色,籽(zi)粒飽滿,新鮮成實;紅(hong)松(song)籽(zi)仁應為乳(ru)白色、黃(huang)色,果(guo)仁味(wei)道鮮美,回味(wei)綿長。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:伊春(chun)的紅松籽(zi)含(han)有豐富(fu)的脂肪、蛋白質(zhi)、碳(tan)水化合(he)物(wu)(wu)、維生(sheng)素A和(he)(he)E,以及人體必(bi)需的脂肪酸、油(you)酸、亞油(you)酸和(he)(he)來麻酸,還含(han)有其它(ta)植物(wu)(wu)所(suo)沒有的皮諾斂酸。伊春(chun)紅松籽(zi)仁(ren)粗脂肪≥60%,酸價0.30mg/g,不飽和(he)(he)脂肪酸含(han)量90.3%,鈣203.2mg/kg,鐵36.6mg/kg。
執行標準
伊(yi)春紅松籽應嚴(yan)格按(an)照(NY5324-2006)標(biao)準執行(xing)(xing)。銷售的(de)紅松籽,應按(an)照《中華人民(min)共和國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全法》的(de)相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定進行(xing)(xing)包裝;標(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或其包裝上統(tong)一(yi)使(shi)用農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志(伊(yi)春紅松籽名稱和公(gong)共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組合標(biao)注(zhu)型式);運輸、貯(zhu)藏應符合《中華人民(min)共和國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安全法》的(de)相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定。