一.產品介紹
嘉(jia)(jia)蔭水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史:嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)位于黑龍江中下游,水(shui)(shui)資源豐富,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)好,無污染,種植水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)有得天獨(du)厚的環境(jing)優勢。稻(dao)(dao)生于水(shui)(shui),米(mi)融于水(shui)(shui),嘉(jia)(jia)蔭水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)成熟(shu)期產(chan)(chan)區晝夜溫差大,使(shi)嘉(jia)(jia)蔭大米(mi)芳香爽口,是百姓餐桌上的佳(jia)品。嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)的的歷史很短,上世(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)開(kai)始試驗性(xing)生產(chan)(chan),但后(hou)來(lai)(lai)由于當地農(nong)(nong)(nong)民種植旱田(tian)習慣而沒有推(tui)廣(guang)開(kai)來(lai)(lai)。1999年(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府重新確定(ding)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)生產(chan)(chan)計劃,在紅光鄉燎(liao)源村引(yin)進鐵(tie)力市水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)生產(chan)(chan)戶進行示范(fan)性(xing)生產(chan)(chan)獲得成功。2001年(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)委、縣(xian)(xian)政府把綠色(se)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)確定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主導(dao)產(chan)(chan)業之一,大力扶持和壯大水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)業,不斷加強農(nong)(nong)(nong)田(tian)水(shui)(shui)利建(jian)設,滿足水(shui)(shui)田(tian)灌溉用水(shui)(shui)需要,補貼建(jian)設水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)育秧大棚,以基層農(nong)(nong)(nong)技推(tui)廣(guang)體系改革與建(jian)設為(wei)(wei)(wei)重點(dian),建(jian)立了縣(xian)(xian)、鄉、村三(san)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)技推(tui)廣(guang)服務網絡,大力開(kai)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民科技培(pei)訓(xun),向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民推(tui)廣(guang)先(xian)進栽培(pei)技術(shu)和優良(liang)(liang)品種,稻(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)基本掌握(wo)育苗(miao)、施肥、田(tian)間管理等主要技術(shu)環節,使(shi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)量、品質(zhi)逐年(nian)(nian)提高。截(jie)止目前,全縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)種植面積達14000畝,大棚育秧面積100%,優良(liang)(liang)品種覆蓋率達到(dao)95%以上,近三(san)年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)平(ping)均畝產(chan)(chan)400公斤,取得了良(liang)(liang)好的社會和經(jing)濟效益(yi),袁隆平(ping)先(xian)生親自為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)種植基地題詞,水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)種植成為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)種植業的三(san)駕(jia)馬車(che)之一。
二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1.土(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況:嘉蔭縣多為黑鈣土(tu)(tu)、沙壤土(tu)(tu),pH值在6.5-7.5左右(you),土(tu)(tu)壤肥沃、耕性良好,嘉蔭縣地勢走向西(xi)南高、東(dong)北低,小(xiao)興安嶺余脈呈雞爪狀向黑龍江邊延申,溝壑縱橫、丘(qiu)陵起伏(fu)、漫崗平原(yuan)相間(jian),西(xi)南部(bu)守(shou)虎山(shan)。
2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富,除黑龍江流(liu)經(jing)本縣(xian)(xian)245公里之外,直接流(liu)入黑龍江大小河流(liu)有(you)26條。以黑龍江水(shui)(shui)(shui)、地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)為主要水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)分(fen)別達到地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)環境質(zhi)量(liang)GB3838的一級標(biao)準和生活(huo)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)GB5749的標(biao)準。嘉(jia)蔭縣(xian)(xian)是農業縣(xian)(xian)以種植業為主,沒有(you)大型工業污(wu)染企業,幾乎(hu)沒有(you)污(wu)染,因此,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)保持良好。
3.氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)地處北溫(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風大陸(lu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu),由(you)于地勢和地形(xing)的 變(bian)化,使嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣(xian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候差異很(hen)大,致可分為二個小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。一是位于小(xiao)興(xing)嶺北 坡的青山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、滬嘉(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部、常勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)部、烏(wu)啦嘎鎮大部、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)部、保(bao)興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部屬山(shan)(shan)地小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。冬季(ji)漫長寒(han)(han)冷、夏(xia)季(ji)短促多雨(yu)(yu)。積(ji)溫(wen)10≥1600℃左右(you),無霜期(qi)90天(tian)左右(you)、降雨(yu)(yu)量530毫米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。二是常勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)東北部、烏(wu)云鎮、向陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)東部、朝陽鎮、保(bao)興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)東部地區(qu)。冬季(ji),西(xi)伯利亞寒(han)(han)流長驅直(zhi)入(ru),風大、嚴(yan)寒(han)(han)、干(gan)燥。無霜期(qi)120左右(you)、降雨(yu)(yu)量650毫米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。全縣(xian)平(ping)均無霜期(qi)115天(tian)、年降雨(yu)(yu)量588毫米(mi)(mi),年日照時數2377小(xiao)時。
4.人文歷(li)史情(qing)況:據1992年(nian)(nian)縣志記載(zai),嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣農業發展(zhan)的歷(li)史很(hen)短。解(jie)放前,采金工作用的糧食多(duo)數靠外進。1927年(nian)(nian)全縣百多(duo)戶(hu)農民僅有3000多(duo)畝耕(geng)地。解(jie)放后,農業生產發展(zhan)迅速。耕(geng)地面(mian)積(ji)由1949年(nian)(nian)41700畝發展(zhan)到1985年(nian)(nian)393000畝,到目前為止,嘉(jia)蔭(yin)縣耕(geng)地面(mian)積(ji)已達1316200畝。糧食主要作物是大(da)豆、水稻等(deng)。
三.地域范圍
嘉(jia)(jia)蔭(yin)水(shui)稻產地(di)(di)位于(yu)黑龍江(jiang)省伊春市嘉(jia)(jia)蔭(yin)縣(xian)(xian),縣(xian)(xian)所轄3鎮(zhen)6鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang):烏云(yun)鎮(zhen)、朝陽(yang)鎮(zhen)、烏拉嘎鎮(zhen)、常(chang)勝鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、滬(hu)嘉(jia)(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、向(xiang)陽(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、紅光鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、青山鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、保興(xing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。地(di)(di)理坐標為:東經129°09′-130°45′,北緯48°07′-49°25′,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)平均海拔230米左右。嘉(jia)(jia)蔭(yin)縣(xian)(xian)北與俄羅斯隔江(jiang)相望,以黑龍江(jiang)為界(jie)。西至常(chang)勝、滬(hu)嘉(jia)(jia)、青山分別(bie)與遜克縣(xian)(xian)、湯旺(wang)河林區(qu)接(jie)壤,南至烏拉嘎、保興(xing)與鶴崗(gang)、蘿(luo)北接(jie)壤,區(qu)域保護面積150000公(gong)頃(qing)。生(sheng)產面積800公(gong)頃(qing),年總產量4800噸。
四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1.外在感官特征:水稻所(suo)生產的(de)大米(mi),形狀縱長(chang),長(chang)度約為(wei)0.8mm左右,寬(kuan)度為(wei)0.3mm左右白色顆粒(li)。
2.內在品質(zhi)指標:嘉蔭水稻生產的大米(mi)營養豐富(fu),含蛋白質(zhi)、糖(tang)類、鈣、磷、鐵、葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)、果(guo)糖(tang)、麥(mai)芽(ya)糖(tang)、維(wei)生素B1、維(wei)生素B2等(deng)。
3.安全要求:嘉(jia)(jia)蔭水稻嚴格(ge)按照《嘉(jia)(jia)蔭縣無公害(hai)水稻生產操(cao)作技術規程》NY 5115-2002進行(xing)操(cao)作,嚴格(ge)執行(xing)肥料(liao)使用(yong)的(de)標準NY/T 496。嚴格(ge)執行(xing)農藥使用(yong)的(de)標準GB 4285、GB/T 8321(所有(you)部分)。嚴格(ge)遵守(shou)《農產品質量安全法》規定。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1.產地選擇:在全縣(xian)各鄉(xiang)鎮選擇土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、耕性良(liang)好的土(tu)壤(rang),應(ying)符合NY 5116-2002的規定。
2.品種(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)用通過國家或地方審(shen)定(ding)(ding)并在當地示范成功的優質、高(gao)產品種(zhong)。種(zhong)子(zi)質量應符合GB4404.1的規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。選(xuan)用抗(kang)蟲、抗(kang)病性強(qiang)的品種(zhong),并注意定(ding)(ding)期更換。
3.生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理: 3.1.合理稀植 直(zhi)播稻(dao)(dao)(dao):播種(zhong)量(liang)常(chang)規稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 3kg-4kg,雜(za)交(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)2kg-2.5kg。提(ti)倡采用(yong)生(sheng)物種(zhong)衣劑(ji)包(bao)衣的種(zhong)子,以防(fang)地下害蟲危害。要求注意播種(zhong)質(zhi)量(liang),確保全苗。播種(zhong)出苗后(hou)應及時疏密補空。移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)稻(dao)(dao)(dao):早、晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)植密度常(chang)規稻(dao)(dao)(dao)一般為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue),每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)3本(ben)(ben)(ben)-4本(ben)(ben)(ben),雜(za)交(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 1.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue)-2.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue),每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)1本(ben)(ben)(ben)-2本(ben)(ben)(ben);單季稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)(mei)667 平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi) 1.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue)-1.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue),常(chang)規稻(dao)(dao)(dao)每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)3本(ben)(ben)(ben)-4本(ben)(ben)(ben),雜(za)交(jiao)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)1本(ben)(ben)(ben)-2本(ben)(ben)(ben)。提(ti)倡寬行(xing)窄(zhai)株(zhu)(zhu)或(huo)寬窄(zhai)行(xing)種(zhong)植,移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)規格(ge)早、晚稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)25.0cm×13.3cm-16.7cm或(huo)(33.3cm+16.7cm)×13.3cm-16.7cm,即(ji)行(xing)距(ju)(ju)25.0cm,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)(ju)13.3cm-16.7cm或(huo)寬行(xing)33.3cm、窄(zhai)行(xing)16.7cm、株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)(ju)13.3cm-16.7cm;單降稻(dao)(dao)(dao)為(wei)(wei)25cm-30cm×16.7cm或(huo)(33.3cm+16.7cm)×16.7cm。超級稻(dao)(dao)(dao)優質(zhi)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)起畦超稀植栽(zai)培,移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)規格(ge)33.3cm×20.0cm-25.0cm,每(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)0.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue)-1.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)穴(xue),每(mei)(mei)(mei)穴(xue)2本(ben)(ben)(ben)。
3.2.平衡施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 有(you)機(ji)、無機(ji)結(jie)合,氮(dan)、磷(lin)(lin)(lin)、鉀(jia)(jia)配(pei)合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong):提倡(chang)測土配(pei)方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),一(yi)(yi)般有(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占(zhan)總(zong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量的30%以上,氮(dan)∶磷(lin)(lin)(lin)∶鉀(jia)(jia)(N∶五氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二磷(lin)(lin)(lin)∶氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)1∶0.5∶1。嚴格控(kong)制施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)量:每(mei)667 平方(fang)米大田施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)總(zong)量為(wei)(wei)早(zao)、晚稻(dao)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)純氮(dan)(N)8 kg-12kg,磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(五氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二磷(lin)(lin)(lin))4 kg-5kg,鉀(jia)(jia)(氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))8 kg-12kg,單季稻(dao)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)純氮(dan)(N)12 kg-15 kg、磷(lin)(lin)(lin)(五氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)二磷(lin)(lin)(lin))6kg-7kg、鉀(jia)(jia)(氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)鉀(jia)(jia))12kg-15kg,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)硫酸(suan)鋅1kg-2kg。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法:施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足基(ji)面(mian)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),適(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分蘗(bo)(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。一(yi)(yi)般氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)50%~70%作(zuo)基(ji)面(mian)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),20%-30%作(zuo)分蘗(bo)(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),10%-20%作(zuo)穗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);磷(lin)(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全部作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong);鉀(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)基(ji)、蘗(bo)(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)各(ge)占(zhan)50%。也可采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)全層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),將專用(yong)(yong)復(fu)配(pei)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料在(zai)(zai)平田時一(yi)(yi)次性(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入耕作(zuo)層土壤,但在(zai)(zai)砂壤田不宜采用(yong)(yong)。
3.3.合理灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai) 灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)質要求:應符(fu)合NY 5116-2002的規(gui)定。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)法:返青期(qi)保(bao)持淺水(shui)(shui)層(ceng),分(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)濕(shi)潤灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai),苗數(shu)達到穗(sui)數(shu)的80%-90%時開始露(lu)田和曬田,采取多次輕曬,以控制(zhi)無效分(fen)蘗(bo),促進根(gen)系下扎生長(chang)和壯稈(gan)健株。穗(sui)分(fen)化后灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)并(bing)保(bao)持淺水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)至抽穗(sui)揚花期(qi)。灌(guan)(guan)漿成熟期(qi)間歇灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)、干濕(shi)交替(ti)。收獲前7天左右斷水(shui)(shui)。
3.4.有害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)控治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術 農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)性強的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)定期(qi)(qi)輪換,保(bao)持(chi)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)性,減(jian)輕病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)合理(li)耕作制(zhi)度、輪作換茬(cha)、種(zhong)(zhong)養(yang)(稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)鴨、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)魚、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)蟹等(deng))結合、健身栽培(pei)等(deng)農(nong)藝(yi)措(cuo)施(shi),減(jian)少有害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):通過選(xuan)(xuan)擇對天(tian)敵殺(sha)(sha)傷(shang)力小的(de)(de)中(zhong)、低毒性代(dai)學農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),避開自然(ran)天(tian)敵對農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)敏感時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),創造適宜自然(ran)天(tian)敵繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi),保(bao)持(chi)天(tian)敵;利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)及釋放天(tian)敵控制(zhi)有害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光燈、震頻式殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、色光板等(deng)物(wu)理(li)裝置(zhi)誘(you)殺(sha)(sha)鱗翅目、同翅目害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(病(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)):稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)(bing)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15790的(de)(de)規(gui)定,當稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心病(bing)(bing)團出現時(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)環(huan)唑(zuo)(zuo)20g-25g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)靈28g-40g噴(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)紋枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15791的(de)(de)規(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)分(fen)蘗(bo)至(zhi)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)、抽穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi),當分(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)叢發(fa)病(bing)(bing)率在(zai)(zai)15%~20%、孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)30%以上(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井崗(gang)霉(mei)素(su)10g-12.5g加水(shui)50kg噴(pen)(pen)霧1-2次,低于此(ci)指標(biao)可(ke)以不施(shi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。白葉(xie)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)白葉(xie)枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)(bing)常發(fa)區,于發(fa)病(bing)(bing)初期(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)葉(xie)枯(ku)(ku)唑(zuo)(zuo)30g-40g加水(shui)50 kg噴(pen)(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);尤其在(zai)(zai)大風、暴雨、洪澇等(deng)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)之后(hou),水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)葉(xie)片受到損傷(shang),應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)施(shi)上(shang)述藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),防(fang)(fang)止病(bing)(bing)情暴發(fa)。惡苗(miao)病(bing)(bing)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)抗(kang)二(er)硫(liu)(liu)氰基甲烷或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)咪(mi)鮮胺溶液浸種(zhong)(zhong)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)中(zhong)、后(hou)期(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井崗(gang)霉(mei)素(su)10g-12.5g兌(dui)水(shui)50 kg對穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)部進行噴(pen)(pen)霧。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)):二(er)化螟(ming)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15792及NY/T 59的(de)(de)規(gui)定,在(zai)(zai)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)苗(miao)枯(ku)(ku)鞘高峰期(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙36g-45g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)單45g-55g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)三(san)唑(zuo)(zuo)磷(lin)20g兌(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)(pen)霧,但蠶(can)桑養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)地(di)區不宜使用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙、殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)單。三(san)化螟(ming)根據(ju)(ju)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)情預報,掌握在(zai)(zai)螟(ming)卵孵化初盛期(qi)(qi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667 平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)卵塊(kuai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)量在(zai)(zai)50塊(kuai)以上(shang)的(de)(de)田塊(kuai)進行藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)類同二(er)化螟(ming)。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱依(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15794的(de)(de)規(gui)定,當百(bai)叢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量達1500頭(tou)-2000頭(tou),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)噻(sai)嗪酮(tong)7g-10g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)1.5g-2g兌(dui)水(shui)50 kg,針對稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)株(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)下(xia)部噴(pen)(pen)霧。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷(juan)葉(xie)螟(ming)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)GB/T 15793的(de)(de)規(gui)定,掌握在(zai)(zai)主害(hai)(hai)代(dai)1、2齡(ling)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)盛發(fa)期(qi)(qi)(稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)葉(xie)初卷(juan)期(qi)(qi))。當分(fen)蘗(bo)期(qi)(qi)百(bai)叢幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)65頭(tou)-85頭(tou)、孕穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)40頭(tou)-60頭(tou)以上(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),進行藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙、殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)單;此(ci)外(wai),也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)毒死蜱32g-40g兌(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)(pen)霧稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)株(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)、上(shang)部。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)薊馬在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)期(qi)(qi)出現葉(xie)尖(jian)卷(juan)曲率在(zai)(zai)10%以上(shang)、百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)量300頭(tou)-500頭(tou)以上(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雙27g-36g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)丁硫(liu)(liu)克百(bai)威或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)吡蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)1.5g-2g兌(dui)水(shui)50kg噴(pen)(pen)霧。雜草(cao)(cao)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):秧田雜草(cao)(cao)于播種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)0-10d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)(sha)草(cao)(cao)丹乳(ru)油(you)(you)100g-125g、禾草(cao)(cao)敵乳(ru)油(you)(you)96g-140g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)丁草(cao)(cao)胺30g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)芐嘧(mi)磺隆1.5g-2g兌(dui)水(shui)30kg噴(pen)(pen)霧。移栽前雜草(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)移栽前2d-10d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)百(bai)草(cao)(cao)枯(ku)(ku)20g-40g兌(dui)水(shui)50kg細(xi)噴(pen)(pen)霧,殺(sha)(sha)滅田間雜草(cao)(cao)。本田雜草(cao)(cao)于移栽后(hou)5d-10d,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)禾草(cao)(cao)丹乳(ru)油(you)(you)100g-125g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)吡嘧(mi)磺隆6.25g或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)田草(cao)(cao)光(芐嘧(mi)磺隆與丁草(cao)(cao)胺復配劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))25g-30g拌(ban)化肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)細(xi)泥土30kg撒施(shi)。
4.產品收(shou)獲:實行無公害稻谷與(yu)普通(tong)稻谷分收(shou)、分曬(shai)(shai)。禁止(zhi)在公路、瀝青路面及粉塵污(wu)染嚴重(zhong)的地方脫粒、曬(shai)(shai)谷。
5.生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記錄:對嘉蔭水稻生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)全過(guo)程,要建立田間生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術(shu)檔案,全面記載(zai),以備查閱。
六.包裝標識(shi)相(xiang)關規定
嘉(jia)蔭水稻收(shou)獲后,脫(tuo)粒(li)進行包(bao)裝(zhuang),在運輸(shu)過(guo)程中:運輸(shu)工具應清潔、干(gan)燥、有(you)(you)(you)防雨(yu)設(she)施。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)(you)腐蝕性(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)異(yi)味(wei)的物(wu)(wu)品(pin)混(hun)運。在避光(guang)、常溫、干(gan)燥和有(you)(you)(you)防潮(chao)設(she)施的地方貯(zhu)藏。貯(zhu)藏設(she)施應清潔、干(gan)燥、通風、無蟲害(hai)和鼠害(hai)。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)(you)腐蝕性(xing)、易發(fa)霉、發(fa)潮(chao)、有(you)(you)(you)異(yi)味(wei)的物(wu)(wu)品(pin)混(hun)存(cun)。產品(pin)使用(yong)“嘉(jia)蔭水稻”農產品(pin)地理標志(zhi)。