東莞(guan)(guan)千角(jiao)燈(deng),屬于花燈(deng)的一(yi)(yi)種,是(shi)廣東省東莞(guan)(guan)市特有的特色傳(chuan)統手工(gong)藝品,是(shi)廣東東莞(guan)(guan)民間(jian)(jian)工(gong)藝的瑰寶,其(qi)制(zhi)作技(ji)藝是(shi)東莞(guan)(guan)最具代(dai)表性(xing)的非物質文(wen)化遺產之一(yi)(yi)。東莞(guan)(guan)千角(jiao)燈(deng)是(shi)宋代(dai)八角(jiao)宮燈(deng)的一(yi)(yi)種,有一(yi)(yi)千個(ge)(ge)角(jiao),綴有一(yi)(yi)千盞(zhan)燈(deng),燈(deng)身為多個(ge)(ge)不同的立體(ti)三角(jiao)形(xing)組成(cheng),集書畫(hua)、剪紙(zhi)(刻紙(zhi))、刺繡等優秀(xiu)民間(jian)(jian)手工(gong)藝于一(yi)(yi)體(ti)。千角(jiao)燈(deng)的扎作無圖紙(zhi),也無樣本流傳(chuan),只有師傅口傳(chuan)身授。因為它歷史悠(you)久(jiu),體(ti)積巨大,工(gong)藝精湛,而被稱為千古一(yi)(yi)燈(deng)。2006年東莞(guan)(guan)千角(jiao)燈(deng)制(zhi)作技(ji)藝入(ru)選第一(yi)(yi)批(pi)國(guo)家級(ji)非物質文(wen)化遺產名錄。
龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)作(zuo)為(wei)民(min)俗文(wen)化中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成部(bu)分(fen)是中(zhong)華民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個文(wen)化符號,而東(dong)莞(guan)中(zhong)堂(tang)鎮是龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)之鄉,這里的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)制(zhi)作(zuo)已有一(yi)(yi)百(bai)多年的(de)(de)(de)歷史,中(zhong)堂(tang)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)制(zhi)作(zuo)技(ji)(ji)藝是東(dong)莞(guan)一(yi)(yi)種古老的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統手工(gong)技(ji)(ji)藝,2008年經國務院批準列入第二批國家級非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄,成為(wei)東(dong)莞(guan)著名的(de)(de)(de)非物質文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)之一(yi)(yi)。中(zhong)堂(tang)制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)主要(yao)為(wei)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)高高翹起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“大頭(tou)(tou)龍(long)(long)”,其結構分(fen)為(wei)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)、龍(long)(long)尾、龍(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu)、龍(long)(long)腸、冚板諸(zhu)部(bu)分(fen),包括選底骨(gu)(gu)(龍(long)(long)骨(gu)(gu))—起(qi)(qi)底—起(qi)(qi)水(shui)—打(da)水(shui)平(ping)—轉水(shui)—做(zuo)大旁—做(zuo)橫擋—做(zuo)坐板—安龍(long)(long)腸—加(jia)固中(zhong)腸—上(shang)桐油灰—刨光—涂(tu)清漆—制(zhi)作(zuo)安裝(zhuang)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)—安裝(zhuang)尾舵等工(gong)藝流(liu)程。中(zhong)堂(tang)制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou),設計精心(xin),看上(shang)去氣宇軒昂威風凜(lin)凜(lin),用料上(shang)乘,結實、威武(wu)、流(liu)暢,工(gong)藝精湛,非常受民(min)眾喜愛(ai)。
莞(guan)(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),是廣東(dong)省東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)市(shi)最具代(dai)表(biao)性的地方特(te)產(chan)之(zhi)一,為(wei)國家(jia)地理標志產(chan)品(pin),歷(li)來為(wei)沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中的珍品(pin),居眾香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)首。而莞(guan)(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)制作技(ji)藝(yi)(yi)是東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)農歷(li)代(dai)相傳(chuan)的沉香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生產(chan)制作傳(chuan)統技(ji)藝(yi)(yi),涵(han)蓋(gai)了對原態(tai)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)樹的培植獲(huo)取(qu)(qu)和加工取(qu)(qu)精兩大(da)部分,包括(kuo)從辨土到合香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等30多道(dao)工序。莞(guan)(guan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)制作技(ji)藝(yi)(yi)已于2014年被列入第四批國家(jia)級(ji)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)名錄,成(cheng)為(wei)東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)非(fei)(fei)物(wu)質文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)傳(chuan)統技(ji)藝(yi)(yi)類的代(dai)表(biao)項目。
麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)舞(wu)(樟木(mu)(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin))是東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)樟木(mu)(mu)頭(tou)鎮的(de)(de)(de)客家(jia)傳統舞(wu)蹈(dao),明(ming)末清初由(you)客家(jia)人(ren)(ren)從北(bei)方帶來(lai)的(de)(de)(de),距(ju)今(jin)有(you)四百五十多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史,是南(nan)粵大(da)地上最有(you)特色的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)民(min)間娛樂活(huo)動(dong)之(zhi)一(yi),是東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)客家(jia)人(ren)(ren)傳統的(de)(de)(de)民(min)俗文(wen)化(hua)活(huo)動(dong),入(ru)選(xuan)2011年(nian)(nian)第三(san)批國家(jia)級非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)名(ming)錄,也是東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)。樟木(mu)(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)都(dou)是師傅口(kou)傳身(shen)授(shou),每個姓氏自(zi)當一(yi)門,多為祖傳,世代相(xiang)承。每年(nian)(nian)秋后(hou),村里(li)同宗同姓的(de)(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)輕人(ren)(ren)集中到(dao)本族祠堂里(li)的(de)(de)(de)“拳館”練習功夫(fu),由(you)本族的(de)(de)(de)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)師傅傳授(shou)舞(wu)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)。樟木(mu)(mu)頭(tou)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)所扎的(de)(de)(de)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)頭(tou)以竹(zhu)藝(yi)精、畫藝(yi)精、形態逼真、色彩鮮艷贏得(de)了良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)聲譽。據MAIGOO小編了解,東(dong)(dong)莞(guan)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)舞(wu)除了樟木(mu)(mu)頭(tou)舞(wu)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)外,還有(you)塘廈(sha)舞(wu)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)、清溪(xi)麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)舞(wu)、竹(zhu)塘麒(qi)(qi)(qi)麟(lin)舞(wu)等(deng)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞賽(sai)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)富有東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞地方特(te)色(se)的傳(chuan)統體育競技項(xiang)目(mu),為國家級(ji)非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan),是(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞端午最(zui)熱鬧(nao)的民俗火爆。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞地處珠江(jiang)口(kou)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)岸(an),水鄉澤國,河(he)流縱橫,水面廣闊,賽(sai)龍(long)(long)奪錦,自宋以來,沿(yan)襲至今(jin)。每年農歷四月(yue)初八起,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞人便開始做龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)競渡(du)的準(zhun)備,直到(dao)五(wu)月(yue)底,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞人劃龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),洗(xi)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水,趁龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)景,吃龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)餅(bing),食(shi)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)飯,唱龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)歌,延(yan)續(xu)一個多月(yue),稱(cheng)為“龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)月(yue)”。 龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)月(yue)的中心活動是(shi)競渡(du),亦稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)景”。包括(kuo):龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)下(xia)水、搶青(qing)、設(she)標(biao)、趁景、奪標(biao)、犒標(biao)等,是(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)莞最(zui)熱鬧(nao)的景致。賽(sai)龍(long)(long)舟(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)已于2011年入選第三批國家級(ji)非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄。
清溪彩扎(zha)(麒(qi)麟(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo))是(shi)流行(xing)于廣東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)莞市的(de)傳統美術(shu),為國家(jia)級非(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產(chan),是(shi)東(dong)(dong)莞傳統美術(shu)類代表性非(fei)遺(yi)項目。清溪麒(qi)麟(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)保留了客家(jia)麒(qi)麟(lin)的(de)傳統工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)風格,已有(you)近150年(nian)歷史。其(qi)中,又(you)以“高(gao)(gao)華麒(qi)麟(lin)”具代表性麒(qi)麟(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)是(shi)一種用(yong)竹篾、布、薄紗等(deng)材料扎(zha)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麒(qi)麟(lin)舞道具——麒(qi)麟(lin)的(de)民間傳統手工(gong)(gong)技藝(yi),伴(ban)隨著(zhu)客家(jia)麒(qi)麟(lin)舞的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)和(he)發展,廣泛分布于廣東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)莞、惠州、佛山、廣州和(he)粵(yue)東(dong)(dong)、粵(yue)北等(deng)地的(de)客家(jia)人聚居地區。清溪麒(qi)麟(lin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)蜚聲海外,其(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)有(you)獨特麒(qi)麟(lin)頭設計,精(jing)美的(de)彩繪、裝(zhuang)潢(huang),形神(shen)兼備,栩栩如生(sheng),工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)非(fei)常高(gao)(gao)超精(jing)致,具有(you)極高(gao)(gao)的(de)藝(yi)術(shu)觀賞和(he)保留價值,于2014年(nian)被列入(ru)第四批國家(jia)級非(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)名錄。
木魚(yu)歌又(you)稱“木魚(yu)書”、“摸(mo)魚(yu)歌”、“沐(mu)浴歌”,屬彈詞(ci)類(lei)(lei)曲(qu)種,是(shi)流行于廣東(dong)粵語地(di)區(qu),尤其在東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)地(di)區(qu)廣泛傳(chuan)唱(chang)的(de)一種曲(qu)藝(yi)形(xing)式,在莞(guan)(guan)邑傳(chuan)承350余年,是(shi)東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)戲曲(qu)類(lei)(lei)最具代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的(de)非遺(yi)(yi)項目。東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)木魚(yu)歌以東(dong)莞(guan)(guan)話演唱(chang),其行腔抑揚頓挫,委婉動聽。表(biao)演時,演唱(chang)者往(wang)往(wang)用三(san)弦或秦琴作間歇性(xing)伴奏過渡(du)。演出依(yi)演唱(chang)方式分為“雅唱(chang)”和“俗(su)唱(chang)”(也(ye)稱“讀歌”)。其中,“雅唱(chang)”曲(qu)調委婉悠長,“俗(su)唱(chang)”近乎韻誦。木魚(yu)歌不(bu)僅是(shi)歷史悠久的(de)“彈詞(ci)”類(lei)(lei)曲(qu)種的(de)重要代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)品種,也(ye)是(shi)傳(chuan)統節(jie)目積累豐(feng)富的(de)曲(qu)藝(yi)品種,于2011年入選第三(san)批國(guo)家(jia)級非物質文化遺(yi)(yi)產(chan)名錄。
莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)織是流傳于廣東(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)莞市的(de)傳統技藝(yi),是廣東(dong)省(sheng)級第二批非物(wu)質文(wen)化遺產之一,也是東(dong)莞傳統技藝(yi)類代表(biao)性非遺項目。東(dong)莞市地(di)處珠江(jiang)、東(dong)江(jiang)出海口的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉地(di)帶,江(jiang)河與海潮在這里交(jiao)匯,咸(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)交(jiao)替(ti)沖(chong)灌(guan),最適宜水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)生長(chang),其質地(di)柔軟堅韌,是編(bian)(bian)織草(cao)(cao)(cao)席的(de)上好材料,被稱(cheng)為莞草(cao)(cao)(cao),成為東(dong)莞著名(ming)特產。莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)織技藝(yi)源遠流長(chang),至今已有兩千多年歷史(shi)。莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)織有草(cao)(cao)(cao)繩(sheng)類、草(cao)(cao)(cao)辮類、繩(sheng)席類、草(cao)(cao)(cao)席類等多個種(zhong)類,草(cao)(cao)(cao)席是莞草(cao)(cao)(cao)編(bian)(bian)織技藝(yi)的(de)代表(biao),尤(you)以厚(hou)街的(de)芥黃席最為著名(ming),其制作包(bao)括挑(tiao)草(cao)(cao)(cao)、染草(cao)(cao)(cao)、曬草(cao)(cao)(cao)、行綆、織席、剪席、拍席、統席九道工(gong)序(xu)。
茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),即東岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期(qi)為每年農歷(li)三月二(er)十五至二(er)十八日(ri),是(shi)茶(cha)山(shan)(shan)歷(li)史悠久的(de)民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)活動,是(shi)廣東省東莞(guan)市(shi)茶(cha)山(shan)(shan)鎮重要的(de)賽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)活動,同時也是(shi)嶺(ling)南地區保留最(zui)為完整、最(zui)具特色的(de)東岳廟會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。2021年,茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被列入國家級(ji)非物質文化(hua)遺產(chan)代表性項(xiang)目(mu)名錄拓展項(xiang)目(mu)名錄,成為東莞(guan)民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)類代表性的(de)非遺項(xiang)目(mu)。茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)源遠(yuan)流長(chang),當地民(min)(min)(min)諺“茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)雨(yu)淋(lin)頭(tou)、石(shi)崗游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)曬出(chu)油、溫塘爛(lan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)年年有、寮步好會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)無(wu)返頭(tou)”道出(chu)了(le)茶(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)期(qi)間的(de)天(tian)氣特征,也印(yin)證了(le)游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在本土的(de)影響力(li)。游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)以擺會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、扮會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、走(zou)菩薩、做木頭(tou)公、做大戲、燒豬(zhu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)等為基(ji)本內容,是(shi)含有民(min)(min)(min)間信俗(su)、出(chu)巡禮儀(yi)、游(you)(you)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)活動、村社(she)共慶、地方文化(hua)展示和娛樂等內容的(de)民(min)(min)(min)俗(su)活動。
寮(liao)步(bu)香市(shi)是東(dong)莞(guan)一種傳統民俗活動,與廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)花市(shi)、廉州(zhou)珠市(shi)、羅浮藥市(shi)并稱廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)“四大名(ming)(ming)(ming)市(shi)”而名(ming)(ming)(ming)揚天下,先(xian)后被(bei)列為東(dong)莞(guan)市(shi)第一批(pi)非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)(ming)錄、廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)省第二(er)批(pi)非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)(ming)錄和第四批(pi)國家(jia)級非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)(ming)錄,成為東(dong)莞(guan)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產名(ming)(ming)(ming)錄。寮(liao)步(bu)自(zi)古以來商貿業就十分興(xing)盛(sheng),明(ming)清(qing)時期,久負盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)“莞(guan)香”集(ji)散于此,經廣(guang)(guang)州(zhou)、香港遠銷于東(dong)南亞等地,素有(you)“香市(shi)”之稱。
研究聲明:東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)十大(da)代(dai)表榜單是(shi)Maigoo小編(bian)主要依據東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞地(di)區(qu)代(dai)表性非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)歷史(shi)、藝(yi)術(shu)、科學價值、傳承情況以(yi)及在(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞地(di)區(qu)的(de)影響力等因素(su)進(jin)行(xing)選擇,參考(kao)國務院(yuan)及廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞市(shi)政府(fu)評選的(de)“國家級非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名錄”“廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)省(sheng)級非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名錄”“東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞市(shi)級非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名錄”和廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)宣傳部評選的(de)“嶺(ling)南(nan)十大(da)文化名片”名單,并(bing)綜合參考(kao)互(hu)聯網相關(guan)排行(xing)榜/榜單進(jin)行(xing)推薦(jian),名單僅供參考(kao),幫助您了解(jie)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞著名的(de)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)(chan)(chan),如有疑(yi)問,歡迎在(zai)末尾評論/交流指正。