簡介
在南(nan)安縣(xian)豐(feng)州鎮旭山(shan)村金雞自(zi)然村后九日山(shan)上。山(shan)有(you)(you)東、西、北三(san)臺,據記載(zai)(zai),自(zi)晉代以(yi)來(lai)歷代均有(you)(you)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke),現(xian)僅(jin)存(cun)北宋(song)(song)(song)至清代摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)75方(fang),分布(bu)于東西兩臺,以(yi)宋(song)(song)(song)刻(ke)(ke)居多(duo)。內容(rong)有(you)(you)景跡題(ti)名,登臨(lin)題(ti)詩,游覽題(ti)名,修(xiu)建記事(shi),海交祈風(feng)等。其中有(you)(you)關(guan)海外(wai)交通(tong)(tong)、航海祈風(feng)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)13方(fang),記載(zai)(zai)自(zi)北宋(song)(song)(song)崇寧三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1104年(nian)(nian))至南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)咸(xian)淳二年(nian)(nian)(1266年(nian)(nian))泉州市(shi)舶司及郡守等地方(fang)官員登臨(lin)及為番船(chuan)祈風(feng)的史(shi)實(shi)。是(shi)研究宋(song)(song)(song)代泉州港(gang)海外(wai)交通(tong)(tong)的珍貴史(shi)料,也是(shi)中國(guo)人民與亞(ya)非人民友好往來(lai)的歷史(shi)見證(zheng)。書法有(you)(you)真、行(xing)、隸(li)、篆。以(yi)宋(song)(song)(song)蔡(cai)襄、蘇才翁、蘇紳、虞(yu)仲(zhong)房及清代馬負書所題(ti)為佳。現(xian)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)完(wan)好,為全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物保(bao)(bao)護單位。
歷史
九日(ri)山(shan)“山(shan)中(zhong)無石(shi)(shi)不刻(ke)字”,現存宋元(yuan)以(yi)來的(de)摩崖題刻(ke)70多(duo)段(duan)(duan),按內容分,海交(jiao)祈風(feng)13段(duan)(duan),景跡題名15段(duan)(duan),游記詩(shi)刻(ke)11段(duan)(duan),登覽留名29段(duan)(duan),修(xiu)建紀(ji)事(shi)7段(duan)(duan),其中(zhong)有1174-1266年(南宋時)記敘祭(ji)海神、祈風(feng)順的(de)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)十段(duan)(duan),最為獨具,是泉州海上絲綢(chou)之(zhi)路的(de)珍貴史跡。
由于泉(quan)州(zhou)在古(gu)時海上交(jiao)通就很發達,人(ren)(ren)們(men)為了(le)求得行(xing)船順風(feng),常要(yao)舉行(xing)“祈(qi)風(feng)儀式”,這些石(shi)刻是古(gu)泉(quan)州(zhou)海外交(jiao)通的(de)重要(yao)史跡,也是我國(guo)與亞非各國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民友好往來的(de)歷(li)史見證。
又:宋朝(chao),官府(fu)為(wei)迎送蕃商首領,鼓(gu)勵來泉(quan)(quan)貿易,每年(nian)春夏(xia)秋冬(dong)之交,泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)府(fu)郡及市(shi)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)司的(de)高(gao)級(ji)官員,都在九日(ri)山(shan)南麓的(de)延(yan)福寺、昭惠廟舉行“冬(dong)譴舶(bo)(bo)(bo)、夏(xia)回舶(bo)(bo)(bo)”兩次祈(qi)風盛典,敬(jing)祭海(hai)神(shen),向通遠王祈(qi)求(qiu)賜風,讓商舶(bo)(bo)(bo)在海(hai)上往返(fan)暢行。儀典由(you)泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)郡守(shou)、南外宗(zong)正(zheng)、提舉市(shi)舶(bo)(bo)(bo)主(zhu)持,隆(long)重(zhong)肅穆,禮畢勒石記(ji)事。
現(xian)存明確記述有(you)關海交(jiao)及(ji)祈風(feng)經過的石刻,有(you)北宋(song)崇寧三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1104年(nian)(nian)(nian))至南宋(song)咸(xian)淳二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1266年(nian)(nian)(nian))的13方,清楚記述祈風(feng)時間(jian)、地點、參加者姓名,以及(ji)“車馬之(zhi)跡盈其庭,水陸(lu)之(zhi)物(wu)充其俎,成物(wu)命不知其幾百數焉”的盛況。九日山現(xian)存最早(zao)的一(yi)方祈風(feng)石刻,是(shi)南宋(song)·淳熙元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1174年(nian)(nian)(nian))十二(er)月初一(yi),市舶提舉虞(yu)仲房在延福寺通遠王祠(ci)舉行祈風(feng)典禮的勒石紀事。
九日山
一說因晉(jin)代南遷者,每年農歷九(jiu)月初(chu)九(jiu)在(zai)此登(deng)山高瞻遠望(wang),故稱之;另說曾有一道人,從德化戴云(yun)山走九(jiu)日至此,故名。該山歷史悠久,自唐(tang)以來,文人墨客曾先后登(deng)臨或隱居于此。山勢疊疊奔騰,高在(zai)百米左右(you),巖石懸崖,巖峣(yao)崢(zheng)嶸(rong),綠樹(shu)掩映搖翠,山前晉(jin)江流水(shui)蜿蜒蕩(dang)漾,真是“溪流灣漾,峰(feng)巒映發,奧街明秀,隱為(wei)(wei)一區(qu)“,風景優美,文物薈萃,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)泉州著名的游覽區(qu)之一。
風景簡介
山(shan)有(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)三峰(feng),其形(xing)如鉗。西(xi)(xi)峰(feng)因唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)名詩人(ren)秦系(xi)在(zai)此隱居,放稱(cheng)高(gao)士峰(feng),或稱(cheng)西(xi)(xi)臺。頂峰(feng)有(you)五代(dai)石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)造(zao)像(xiang),稱(cheng)石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)山(shan)。石(shi)(shi)佛(fo)為(wei)五代(dai)陳(chen)洪進所倡刻(ke),高(gao) 4.5米,寬1.5米,袒胸(xiong)盤坐于蓮座(zuo)上(shang),衣紋流(liu)暢對(dui)稱(cheng),為(wei)泉(quan)州(zhou)最早(zao)的石(shi)(shi)雕造(zao)像(xiang),外筑石(shi)(shi)亭,以保護石(shi)(shi)像(xiang),全(quan)系(xi)石(shi)(shi)構,硬(ying)山(shan)式屋頂,面闊(kuo)進深,均具一間,呈(cheng)方形(xing)。東(dong)(dong)峰(feng)因唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)宰(zai)相姜(jiang)公輔貶謫(zhe)隸(li)泉(quan),寄(ji)跡(ji)山(shan)中,卒后葬此,故名姜(jiang)相峰(feng),或稱(cheng)東(dong)(dong)臺,又因其形(xing)似(si)麒(qi)麟(lin),俗(su)稱(cheng)麒(qi)麟(lin)山(shan)。北(bei)峰(feng)連接東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩峰(feng),叫北(bei)臺,三峰(feng)環抱成一塢(wu)(wu),曰(yue)白云塢(wu)(wu)。塢(wu)(wu)中白云出岫,碧譚幽間,出峽(xia)南注(zhu),為(wei)菩薩泉(quan)勝(sheng)跡(ji)。 山(shan)麓原(yuan)有(you)西(xi)(xi)晉太康(kang)九年(公元228年)乃泉(quan)州(zhou)最早(zao)佛(fo)教寺院。南朝印(yin)度高(gao)僧(seng)拘那羅陀在(zai)此翻譯金(jin)剛經,學(xue)習漢語,山(shan)上(shang)還(huan)留有(you)翻經石(shi)(shi)古跡(ji)。
山中古跡
山(shan)中(zhong)古跡(ji)遍布,目前(qian)僅留八十余處,多數(shu)集中(zhong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)峰(feng)(feng)東坡和(he)東峰(feng)(feng)南(nan)(nan)麓,最珍貴的(de)為宋(song)元(yuan)祈(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)石刻(ke),包括(kuo)明代(dai)摩(mo)崖(ya)石刻(ke)有(you)(you)七(qi)十余處。因宋(song)元(yuan)時間,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)海外(wai)交通(tong)(tong)相(xiang)當發達,亞(ya)非人民每(mei)(mei)年往來于(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)很多。當時來泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)經營海外(wai)貿易的(de)番舶(bo),要(yao)靠風(feng)(feng)駕船。來泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)番舶(bo)要(yao)在春夏東南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng)而來,秋(qiu)間則順西(xi)(xi)北風(feng)(feng)而去。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)當時泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)政府和(he)人民重視外(wai)賓的(de)友好關系,每(mei)(mei)年番舶(bo)揚帆之際(ji),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)郡守(shou)和(he)市舶(bo)(海關)有(you)(you)關官員及(ji)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)名(ming)人士,都要(yao)登九(jiu)日山(shan)昭惠(hui)(hui)廟,在通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang)祠為番舶(bo)祈(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng),并(bing)刻(ke)石留記。來代(dai)石刻(ke)有(you)(you)十方記載有(you)(you)關海交職事和(he)海交交渲活動(dong)情況,“有(you)(you)郡守(shou)倪(ni)思正甫,提舶(bo)全茂(mao)實騰,遵令典祈(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)昭惠(hui)(hui)廟……”,“大守(shou)貳卿顏頤仲(zhong),禱(dao)回舶(bo)南(nan)(nan)風(feng)(feng),遵齊曲也,提舶(bo)寺(si)丞劉克遜俱禱(dao)焉……”,“舶(bo)司歲兩祈(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang)廟……”,“以遣舶(bo)祈(qi)(qi)風(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)延福寺(si),通(tong)(tong)遠善劉廣福王(wang)祠下,修(xiu)故事也”等(deng)。《泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)府志》記載“神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)永春樂(le)山(shan)山(shan)隱士也,居臺峰(feng)(feng),后仙(xian)去,著靈(ling)(ling)響,人飼之,呼嗡爹。唐咸(xian)通(tong)(tong)中(zhong),山(shan)僧欲建寺(si),求材樂(le)山(shan),遇一翁(weng)白須指其處,得杞、楠(nan)、夢許護(hu)送,一夕材乘漲(zhang)下,眾(zhong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之。作靈(ling)(ling)樂(le)祠,名(ming)殿神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)色(se),宋(song)封神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)通(tong)(tong)遠王(wang),賜額(e)照事。嘉祐中(zhong),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)大旱,宋(song)蔡忠惠(hui)(hui)求雨輒應,奏加封善利王(wang),尋(xun)加號(hao)廣福,顯濟(ji)。”