簡介
泉(quan)州府文(wen)廟(miao)是(shi)全國重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單位,其建(jian)筑規模(mo)宏大,是(shi)集宋、元、明、清(qing)四朝(chao)代的建(jian)筑形(xing)式的孔廟(miao)建(jian)筑群(qun);歷史悠久(jiu),規制(zhi)完整(zheng),氣(qi)勢(shi)宏大,文(wen)化內涵豐厚,是(shi)東南地(di)區聞名遐邇的最(zui)大的文(wen)廟(miao)建(jian)筑群(qun);布局勻稱,建(jian)筑優美,造型獨特,是(shi)宋代中原文(wen)化和閩(min)南古(gu)建(jian)筑藝術(shu)的有機結合(he)。
文(wen)廟位于市區繁華的(de)商業(ye)區中心地段(duan),鯉城區中山中路泮宮內。文(wen)廟內設有(you)“泉(quan)州(zhou)府文(wen)廟文(wen)物(wu)陳(chen)列館”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)歷史名人紀念館”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)古代教育展(zhan)覽館”。
歷史
府文廟(miao)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐(tang)開元末年(nian)(nian),北(bei)(bei)宋(song)太(tai)(tai)平興國(guo)初(chu)年(nian)(nian)移建(jian)(jian)(jian)孔廟(miao)于此,太(tai)(tai)平興國(guo)七年(nian)(nian)(982年(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)為州學,后又(you)遷他處,北(bei)(bei)宋(song)大觀三年(nian)(nian)(1109年(nian)(nian))遷回,南宋(song)紹興七年(nian)(nian)(1137年(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian)。
建筑
府文廟主體建筑(zhu)(zhu)大成(cheng)殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)典型的宋代重(zhong)檐廡(wu)殿(dian)式結構。面闊7間(jian)(jian)35.3米(mi),進深5間(jian)(jian)22.7米(mi),斗拱抬梁式木結構,以48根白石(shi)柱(zhu)承(cheng)托,正(zheng)面有(you)(you)浮雕盤(pan)龍檐柱(zhu)8根,風格古樸,在(zai)全國現存文廟中甚(shen)屬罕見。殿(dian)前砌露臺(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)明嵌有(you)(you)仰(yang)蓮(lian)、復蓮(lian)、扶桑、山(shan)茶、牡丹、芙(fu)蓉等輝綠巖石(shi)浮雕。臺(tai)(tai)下通道、拜庭(ting),兩(liang)(liang)旁古榕垂蔭,庭(ting)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)半月形泮(pan)(pan)池。上有(you)(you)元代建的泮(pan)(pan)橋(qiao),梁式石(shi)構,中部(bu)拱起(qi),兩(liang)(liang)邊有(you)(you)石(shi)構護欄。大成(cheng)殿(dian)前東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)側筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)東廡(wu)和西(xi)(xi)廡(wu),全長(chang)112米(mi),寬(kuan)10米(mi)。兩(liang)(liang)廡(wu)前正(zheng)中為(wei)(wei)大成(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)三開(kai)間(jian)(jian),二進深,左為(wei)(wei)金聲,右(you)為(wei)(wei)玉振,三門(men)(men)(men)(men)聯(lian)成(cheng)一體,寬(kuan)60米(mi),深10米(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)露埕寬(kuan)66米(mi),深60米(mi),可容(rong)數千人,左右(you)為(wei)(wei)禮門(men)(men)(men)(men)、義路(lu)。西(xi)(xi)面臨中山(shan)街建有(you)(you)泮(pan)(pan)宮門(men)(men)(men)(men)。廟東有(you)(you)明倫堂七(qi)開(kai)間(jian)(jian),寬(kuan)36.8米(mi),五(wu)進深21.4米(mi),前有(you)(you)寬(kuan)深36米(mi)的露庭(ting),東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)書齋,庭(ting)前有(you)(you)方池寬(kuan)29米(mi),長(chang)43.8米(mi),中有(you)(you)4米(mi)寬(kuan)的石(shi)橋(qiao),圍以石(shi)護欄。外(wai)為(wei)(wei)育英門(men)(men)(men)(men),再往(wang)東原存有(you)(you)尊(zun)經閣和名宦、鄉賢祠等建筑(zhu)(zhu)。
文物
府文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)內設有(you)“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)府文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)陳列(lie)館(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)紀念館(guan)(guan)(guan)”、“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)古代教育展(zhan)覽館(guan)(guan)(guan)”。“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)府文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)陳列(lie)館(guan)(guan)(guan)”設在(zai)大成殿內,正中(zhong)有(you)孔子(zi)塑像(xiang),兩旁有(you)四(si)配十(shi)二(er)哲畫像(xiang)。主要文(wen)(wen)物(wu)有(you)傳世祭孔樂器(qi)、舞器(qi)、禮器(qi)等(deng)。其(qi)中(zhong)六件(jian)青銅豆鑄(zhu)(zhu)有(you)“乾隆十(shi)一年臺灣知(zhi)府蔣元(yuan)樞捐造,貢生蔣鴻皋監制(zhi)”和(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)有(you)“同(tong)治六年五(wu)(wu)月鑄(zhu)(zhu),州(zhou)(zhou)同(tong)御即造,訓導鄭秉經郊行李樹監鑄(zhu)(zhu)”及“臺灣北路淡水同(tong)知(zhi)嚴金清謹制(zhi)”的銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)編鐘。是(shi)研究泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)與臺灣文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)淵源關系的實物(wu)資料。“泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)紀念館(guan)(guan)(guan)”設在(zai)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)西廡,陳列(lie)有(you)唐(tang)、五(wu)(wu)代、宋、元(yuan)、明、清等(deng)朝(chao)代文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人(ren)(ren)三(san)十(shi)八位(wei)。這些人(ren)(ren)物(wu)從各(ge)個歷(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)期反(fan)映(ying)出泉(quan)(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)薈(hui)萃、人(ren)(ren)杰地(di)靈,在(zai)政治、文(wen)(wen)化、經濟(ji)、軍(jun)事以(yi)(yi)及海外交通、國家(jia)統一等(deng)領域(yu)為社會以(yi)(yi)至世界作出重大貢獻(xian)。展(zhan)品使用(yong)現代彩色蠟(la)像(xiang)工(gong)藝制(zhi)作,配以(yi)(yi)精制(zhi)各(ge)時(shi)代服飾(shi),形(xing)象(xiang)逼(bi)真、栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。
猴年央視晚分會場
2016年2月7日(ri)20:00,福建省泉州府(fu)文(wen)廟被選(xuan)為2016年中央電視(shi)臺春節聯歡晚(wan)會——泉州分會場。