簡介
泉州府文(wen)(wen)廟是(shi)全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單位,其(qi)建筑規模宏大(da),是(shi)集宋(song)、元、明、清四(si)朝代(dai)的(de)建筑形式的(de)孔(kong)廟建筑群(qun);歷史悠久,規制完整,氣勢宏大(da),文(wen)(wen)化內(nei)涵豐(feng)厚,是(shi)東南(nan)地區聞(wen)名遐邇的(de)最(zui)大(da)的(de)文(wen)(wen)廟建筑群(qun);布(bu)局勻稱,建筑優(you)美,造型獨特,是(shi)宋(song)代(dai)中原文(wen)(wen)化和閩南(nan)古建筑藝術的(de)有機結合。
文廟位于(yu)市區(qu)繁華的商業區(qu)中(zhong)心地段(duan),鯉城區(qu)中(zhong)山中(zhong)路泮宮內。文廟內設有(you)“泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)府文廟文物(wu)陳列館(guan)”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)歷(li)史名(ming)人紀念館(guan)”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)古代教育展覽館(guan)”。
歷史
府文廟(miao)始建于(yu)唐開(kai)元末年(nian),北宋(song)太平興國初(chu)年(nian)移建孔(kong)廟(miao)于(yu)此,太平興國七年(nian)(982年(nian))建為州學(xue),后又遷他處,北宋(song)大觀三年(nian)(1109年(nian))遷回,南宋(song)紹興七年(nian)(1137年(nian))重建。
建筑
府文(wen)廟主體(ti)(ti)建筑大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)典型的(de)(de)宋(song)代重檐(yan)廡(wu)殿(dian)(dian)式(shi)結構(gou)(gou)。面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)7間(jian)(jian)35.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進深(shen)5間(jian)(jian)22.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),斗拱抬梁(liang)式(shi)木(mu)結構(gou)(gou),以48根(gen)白石(shi)柱承托,正面(mian)(mian)有浮(fu)雕盤龍檐(yan)柱8根(gen),風(feng)格古(gu)樸,在全國現存文(wen)廟中(zhong)(zhong)甚(shen)屬罕見(jian)。殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)砌(qi)露(lu)臺,臺明嵌有仰蓮(lian)、復蓮(lian)、扶桑、山茶、牡丹、芙(fu)蓉等(deng)輝綠巖石(shi)浮(fu)雕。臺下通(tong)道、拜庭,兩旁古(gu)榕(rong)垂蔭,庭外為(wei)(wei)(wei)半月形泮池。上有元代建的(de)(de)泮橋,梁(liang)式(shi)石(shi)構(gou)(gou),中(zhong)(zhong)部拱起,兩邊有石(shi)構(gou)(gou)護欄(lan)(lan)。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)東西(xi)兩側筑有東廡(wu)和西(xi)廡(wu),全長112米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩廡(wu)前(qian)正中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)三開(kai)間(jian)(jian),二進深(shen),左為(wei)(wei)(wei)金聲(sheng),右為(wei)(wei)(wei)玉(yu)振,三門(men)(men)聯成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一體(ti)(ti),寬60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)外為(wei)(wei)(wei)露(lu)埕(cheng)寬66米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),可容(rong)數千人,左右為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮門(men)(men)、義路。西(xi)面(mian)(mian)臨中(zhong)(zhong)山街建有泮宮(gong)門(men)(men)。廟東有明倫堂七(qi)開(kai)間(jian)(jian),寬36.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),五進深(shen)21.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),前(qian)有寬深(shen)36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)露(lu)庭,東西(xi)兩書齋,庭前(qian)有方池寬29米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長43.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)有4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)寬的(de)(de)石(shi)橋,圍以石(shi)護欄(lan)(lan)。外為(wei)(wei)(wei)育英(ying)門(men)(men),再往東原存有尊經(jing)閣和名宦、鄉賢(xian)祠等(deng)建筑。
文物
府(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟內(nei)設有(you)(you)“泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)府(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟文(wen)(wen)(wen)物陳(chen)列(lie)館(guan)”、“泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)歷史(shi)名(ming)人紀(ji)念館(guan)”、“泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)古代教(jiao)育展覽館(guan)”。“泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)府(fu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟文(wen)(wen)(wen)物陳(chen)列(lie)館(guan)”設在(zai)大(da)成殿內(nei),正中有(you)(you)孔子塑(su)像(xiang),兩旁有(you)(you)四配(pei)十二哲畫像(xiang)。主(zhu)要文(wen)(wen)(wen)物有(you)(you)傳世祭(ji)孔樂器(qi)(qi)、舞(wu)器(qi)(qi)、禮器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。其中六(liu)件(jian)青銅(tong)豆(dou)鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)“乾隆十一年臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)知(zhi)府(fu)蔣元(yuan)樞捐造,貢(gong)生蔣鴻皋(gao)監(jian)制(zhi)”和鑄(zhu)有(you)(you)“同治(zhi)六(liu)年五月(yue)鑄(zhu),州(zhou)同御即造,訓導鄭秉經郊行李樹監(jian)鑄(zhu)”及“臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)北路淡水同知(zhi)嚴金清謹制(zhi)”的銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)編鐘。是研究泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟與臺(tai)(tai)(tai)灣(wan)(wan)(wan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟的歷史(shi)淵源關系的實物資料。“泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)歷史(shi)名(ming)人紀(ji)念館(guan)”設在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟西廡(wu),陳(chen)列(lie)有(you)(you)唐、五代、宋(song)、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清等(deng)朝代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人三十八(ba)位。這些(xie)人物從各(ge)個歷史(shi)時期反映出(chu)泉(quan)(quan)州(zhou)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)薈萃、人杰地靈,在(zai)政治(zhi)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、經濟、軍事以(yi)及海外交(jiao)通、國家統一等(deng)領域為社會(hui)以(yi)至(zhi)世界(jie)作(zuo)出(chu)重大(da)貢(gong)獻(xian)。展品使(shi)用(yong)現代彩色(se)蠟像(xiang)工(gong)藝制(zhi)作(zuo),配(pei)以(yi)精(jing)制(zhi)各(ge)時代服飾,形象逼真、栩栩如生。
猴年央視晚分會場
2016年2月7日(ri)20:00,福(fu)建省泉(quan)州府文(wen)廟被選(xuan)為(wei)2016年中央電(dian)視臺(tai)春節(jie)聯歡晚會——泉(quan)州分(fen)會場(chang)。