簡介
泉州(zhou)府(fu)文(wen)廟是全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位,其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)規模宏大,是集宋、元、明、清(qing)四朝代(dai)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)的(de)(de)孔廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群;歷史(shi)悠久,規制完整(zheng),氣勢宏大,文(wen)化內涵豐(feng)厚,是東南地區聞名遐邇的(de)(de)最大的(de)(de)文(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群;布局勻稱,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)優美,造型獨特(te),是宋代(dai)中原文(wen)化和閩南古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝術的(de)(de)有機結合(he)。
文廟(miao)位于市區繁華的商業區中心(xin)地段,鯉(li)城區中山中路泮宮內。文廟(miao)內設有“泉州府文廟(miao)文物(wu)陳列館(guan)(guan)”、“泉州歷(li)史名人(ren)紀(ji)念館(guan)(guan)”、“泉州古代教育展(zhan)覽館(guan)(guan)”。
歷史
府文廟始建于唐(tang)開(kai)元末年,北宋(song)太平興國初年移(yi)建孔廟于此,太平興國七年(982年)建為(wei)州(zhou)學,后又遷(qian)他處,北宋(song)大觀三年(1109年)遷(qian)回(hui),南(nan)宋(song)紹興七年(1137年)重建。
建筑
府文(wen)廟主體(ti)建筑(zhu)大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)為(wei)典型的宋代重檐廡殿(dian)式(shi)(shi)結構。面(mian)闊(kuo)7間35.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),進深5間22.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),斗拱(gong)抬梁式(shi)(shi)木結構,以48根白石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)承托,正面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)浮雕(diao)盤(pan)龍檐柱(zhu)8根,風格古(gu)樸,在全(quan)國現存文(wen)廟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甚屬罕見。殿(dian)前砌露(lu)臺,臺明(ming)嵌有(you)(you)(you)仰蓮、復蓮、扶桑(sang)、山茶、牡丹(dan)、芙(fu)蓉等輝綠巖石(shi)(shi)浮雕(diao)。臺下通道(dao)、拜庭(ting)(ting),兩(liang)旁古(gu)榕垂(chui)蔭,庭(ting)(ting)外為(wei)半(ban)月形泮(pan)池。上有(you)(you)(you)元(yuan)代建的泮(pan)橋,梁式(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)構,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)拱(gong)起,兩(liang)邊有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)構護(hu)欄。大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)前東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)側筑(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)東(dong)廡和(he)西(xi)廡,全(quan)長112米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬10米(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)廡前正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)大(da)成(cheng)門三開間,二進深,左(zuo)為(wei)金聲,右為(wei)玉振,三門聯成(cheng)一體(ti),寬60米(mi)(mi)(mi),深10米(mi)(mi)(mi)。門外為(wei)露(lu)埕寬66米(mi)(mi)(mi),深60米(mi)(mi)(mi),可容數千(qian)人,左(zuo)右為(wei)禮門、義路。西(xi)面(mian)臨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山街建有(you)(you)(you)泮(pan)宮門。廟東(dong)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)倫堂七開間,寬36.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),五進深21.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),前有(you)(you)(you)寬深36米(mi)(mi)(mi)的露(lu)庭(ting)(ting),東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)書齋,庭(ting)(ting)前有(you)(you)(you)方池寬29米(mi)(mi)(mi),長43.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)寬的石(shi)(shi)橋,圍以石(shi)(shi)護(hu)欄。外為(wei)育英(ying)門,再(zai)往東(dong)原存有(you)(you)(you)尊經閣和(he)名宦、鄉賢祠等建筑(zhu)。
文物
府文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)內設(she)(she)有(you)(you)(you)“泉(quan)州(zhou)府文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)陳(chen)列(lie)館(guan)”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)歷(li)史名人紀念館(guan)”、“泉(quan)州(zhou)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)教育展覽館(guan)”。“泉(quan)州(zhou)府文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)陳(chen)列(lie)館(guan)”設(she)(she)在(zai)大成殿內,正中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)(kong)子塑像(xiang),兩旁有(you)(you)(you)四配(pei)十(shi)二哲畫像(xiang)。主要文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)傳世(shi)祭(ji)孔(kong)(kong)樂器、舞(wu)器、禮器等。其中(zhong)六(liu)(liu)件青銅豆鑄有(you)(you)(you)“乾隆十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)臺灣知府蔣(jiang)元(yuan)樞(shu)捐造,貢生蔣(jiang)鴻皋監制”和鑄有(you)(you)(you)“同治六(liu)(liu)年(nian)五月鑄,州(zhou)同御(yu)即造,訓導(dao)鄭(zheng)秉經(jing)(jing)郊行李樹監鑄”及“臺灣北路淡水同知嚴金清謹制”的(de)銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)編鐘(zhong)。是研究(jiu)泉(quan)州(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)與臺灣文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的(de)歷(li)史淵源關系的(de)實物(wu)(wu)資料。“泉(quan)州(zhou)歷(li)史名人紀念館(guan)”設(she)(she)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)西廡,陳(chen)列(lie)有(you)(you)(you)唐、五代(dai)(dai)(dai)、宋、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清等朝代(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化名人三(san)十(shi)八位。這些人物(wu)(wu)從各個歷(li)史時期反映出泉(quan)州(zhou)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)薈萃、人杰地靈,在(zai)政(zheng)治、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化、經(jing)(jing)濟、軍事以(yi)(yi)及海外(wai)交(jiao)通、國家統一(yi)等領域為社(she)會以(yi)(yi)至世(shi)界作出重大貢獻。展品使用現代(dai)(dai)(dai)彩色(se)蠟像(xiang)工(gong)藝制作,配(pei)以(yi)(yi)精制各時代(dai)(dai)(dai)服飾,形象逼真、栩栩如生。
猴年央視晚分會場
2016年2月(yue)7日20:00,福建省泉州府(fu)文廟被選為2016年中央電視臺春節聯歡晚會——泉州分(fen)會場。