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甌劇
0 票數:0 #風俗文化#
甌劇為浙江省傳統地方戲曲劇種之一,又稱“溫州亂彈”。 是流行在浙江南部溫州一帶的古老劇種,它以“書面溫話”作為舞臺語言。已有三百多年歷史,較有影響的傳統劇目有《高機與吳三春》、《陽河摘印》以及創作的現代戲《東海小哨兵》等。1959年定名為甌劇。甌劇以唱亂彈為主表演上已形成統一的藝術風格,具有樸素、明快、粗獷而細膩的特點。文武兼備,唱做并重,以做工見長。音樂樸素、明快、流暢,表現力很強,能細致地表達各種人物內心復雜感情。
  • 遺產項目編號: Ⅳ-106
  • 申報地區: 浙江省
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歷史淵源

甌劇(ju)(ju)已有(you)三百多年歷史,較(jiao)有(you)影響的(de)(de)傳統劇(ju)(ju)目有(you)《高機與吳三春》、《陽河摘印》以(yi)及創作(zuo)的(de)(de)現(xian)代戲《東海(hai)小哨(shao)兵(bing)》等。甌劇(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)音樂(le)除亂(luan)(luan)彈外,還(huan)有(you)高腔(qiang)、昆曲、徽(hui)戲、皮黃等劇(ju)(ju)種(zhong)的(de)(de)唱(chang)腔(qiang)曲調,十(shi)分豐富多彩。甌劇(ju)(ju)唱(chang)腔(qiang)分“正亂(luan)(luan)彈”和(he)“反亂(luan)(luan)彈”;正亂(luan)(luan)彈主要曲調有(you)[慢亂(luan)(luan)彈]、[二漢]、[玉麒]、[流(liu)水(shui)]、[小桃紅]等;反亂(luan)(luan)彈有(you)[錦(jin)翠]、[洛(luo)梆子]、[反流(liu)水(shui)]、[反緊板]等。

溫州是宋代南戲(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)。明(ming)代以(yi)(yi)后(hou),高(gao)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、昆腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)流(liu)行(xing)于浙江南部(bu),明(ming)末清初(chu),溫州的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)以(yi)(yi)演(yan)(yan)唱高(gao)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和昆腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)(wei)主,亂(luan)(luan)彈腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)傳(chuan)入后(hou),逐(zhu)漸(jian)兼唱“高(gao)”、“昆”、“亂(luan)(luan)”。當時(shi)(shi)溫州一(yi)帶農村流(liu)行(xing)一(yi)種半(ban)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)性的(de)(de)“三月班(ban)”,農閑時(shi)(shi)結(jie)班(ban)做戲(xi)(xi)(xi)。農忙時(shi)(shi)務農。這種班(ban)社起初(chu)僅(jin)有八個演(yan)(yan)員(yuan),只能演(yan)(yan)出(chu)《浪(lang)子踢球》、《賣(mai)胭脂》等小戲(xi)(xi)(xi),在演(yan)(yan)出(chu)角色較(jiao)多的(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)目時(shi)(shi),則采取跑(pao)角、兼角辦法。后(hou)逐(zhu)漸(jian)發(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)性班(ban)社。清代中葉,溫州的(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)班(ban)又吸收了徽調、灘簧和時(shi)(shi)調,逐(zhu)漸(jian)發(fa)展(zhan)成為(wei)(wei)多聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)種,并出(chu)現規模較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)班(ban)社。但此時(shi)(shi)演(yan)(yan)唱昆腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、高(gao)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)者漸(jian)少,而(er)以(yi)(yi)亂(luan)(luan)彈腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)“正亂(luan)(luan)彈”、“反亂(luan)(luan)彈”為(wei)(wei)主。

據史料考(kao)證(zheng),溫州一帶最早的(de)(de)亂彈(dan)(dan)班(ban)(ban)是以洪全本為(wei)(wei)班(ban)(ban)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)“老(lao)錦(jin)(jin)秀(xiu)”班(ban)(ban),成立于清乾隆年間(1736-1795)。老(lao)錦(jin)(jin)秀(xiu)班(ban)(ban)是具多種聲腔而以亂彈(dan)(dan)腔為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)班(ban)(ban)社(she),能(neng)演(yan)八十四本大戲,成為(wei)(wei)后來溫州亂彈(dan)(dan)固(gu)定的(de)(de)傳統劇(ju)目。清嘉慶(1796-1820)年間,班(ban)(ban)社(she)有(you)日秀(xiu)、三星、小(xiao)春(chun)花、八永義等。

道光(1821-1850)時(shi),溫州一帶商(shang)業、手(shou)工業更加繁(fan)榮,人口激增,班(ban)社一度發展到三(san)十余個(ge),主(zhu)要班(ban)社有新益奇(qi)、竹馬(ma)歌、老同慶(qing)(qing)、新聯(lian)奇(qi)、新同慶(qing)(qing)、大三(san)異、大吉慶(qing)(qing)、小同慶(qing)(qing)等(deng)。活動區域除(chu)浙南的溫州、臺(tai)州(治今臨海)、處(chu)州(轄今浙江麗水(shui)、縉(jin)云、青田、遂(sui)昌、龍(long)泉、龍(long)和等(deng)縣)外,還遠及閩(min)北(bei)、贛東北(bei)等(deng)地,相當繁(fan)盛。

宣統(tong)二年(nian)(1910)后,京劇(ju)開始在溫州流行,溫州亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)開始衰(shuai)落。二十世紀三十年(nian)代,大(da)部分班社解體(ti),致使溫州亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)一蹶不振(zhen),到40年(nian)代,僅存老(lao)鳳(feng)玉(yu)、新(xin)鳳(feng)玉(yu)、勝(sheng)鳳(feng)玉(yu)三個(ge)班社。建國后,有關部門將老(lao)鳳(feng)玉(yu)、新(xin)鳳(feng)玉(yu)、勝(sheng)鳳(feng)玉(yu)三個(ge)班社合并組成勝(sheng)利亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)劇(ju)團。1950年(nian)后又先后成立(li)“更新(xin)”、“紅星(xing)”等(deng)班,1955年(nian)合并為溫州亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)劇(ju)團。1959年(nian)溫州亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)更名甌劇(ju),溫州亂(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)劇(ju)團也改(gai)稱為溫州地區甌劇(ju)團。

藝術特色

綜述

甌(ou)劇唱做并重(zhong),文武兼備,以做工見長(chang)。武戲(xi)吸收(shou)民間拳術(shu)和武技,緊湊、驚險。所用(yong)語言(yan)為溫(wen)(wen)州官(guan)話,唯丑腳(jiao)用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)州方言(yan)。

唱腔

甌劇的音樂唱腔(qiang)由高腔(qiang)、昆腔(qiang)、亂彈、徽調、灘(tan)簧(huang)、時調等多種聲(sheng)腔(qiang)構成(cheng),現代甌劇以唱亂彈腔(qiang)為主,兼唱他腔(qiang)。一(yi)劇中兼唱幾種不同聲(sheng)腔(qiang),表(biao)演上已形成(cheng)統一(yi)的藝術(shu)風格,具有(you)樸素(su)、明快、粗獷而細膩(ni)的特點。傳(chuan)統曲牌有(you)一(yi)千多支。因長期(qi)活動于農村山鄉,表(biao)演上生活氣息(xi)濃厚,形式上格律(lv)不嚴。

甌(ou)劇(ju)的高腔,音樂(le)結構為(wei)曲(qu)牌聯套(tao)體(ti),僅以鑼鼓助(zhu)節,無管弦樂(le)器(qi)伴(ban)奏(個(ge)別劇(ju)目(mu),如《磨房(fang)串(chuan)戲》和(he)《循環報》中,有一段有管弦伴(ban)奏)。演出時,一人獨(du)唱,眾人幫腔,音調高亢,風(feng)(feng)格粗獷。不少曲(qu)牌頻繁使用(yong)宮調交替和(he)轉換手法,形(xing)成特有風(feng)(feng)格。

亂彈

甌(ou)劇的(de)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan),分為(wei)正(zheng)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)和(he)(he)反(fan)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)兩種,均(jun)為(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)變化體(ti) 結(jie)(jie)構。定(ding)調(diao)(diao)正(zheng)、反(fan)相差5度,各有原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、疊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、緊(jin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)起板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、抽(chou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、煞板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)變化,并有“洛梆子”、“二漢”等(deng)(deng)其(qi)他曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)。亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)腔(qiang)(qiang)曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)華彩,優美動聽,由于用中原音(yin)韻結(jie)(jie)合溫(wen)州方言演(yan)(yan)唱(chang),唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)具(ju)有地方特色。在(zai)(zai)甌(ou)劇“正(zheng)宗”的(de)傳統亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)大(da)(da)戲(xi)中,大(da)(da)都唱(chang)正(zheng)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)。故(gu)正(zheng)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)一(yi)向被稱為(wei)“祖音(yin)源流(liu)(liu)(liu)”或“主音(yin)源流(liu)(liu)(liu)”。它與(yu)當地民間音(yin)樂有明(ming)顯聯系。作(zuo)為(wei)亂(luan)(luan)(luan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)腔(qiang)(qiang)基本板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)之一(yi)的(de)“原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”為(wei)上下句結(jie)(jie)構,明(ming)亮剛健,可(ke)變性大(da)(da),既(ji)可(ke)表(biao)現歡快(kuai)感情(qing),又能(neng)抒發低(di)沉的(de)情(qing)緒。反(fan)調(diao)(diao)原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)節奏與(yu)結(jie)(jie)構上,與(yu)正(zheng)調(diao)(diao)原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相似,僅較正(zheng)調(diao)(diao)原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)平柔(rou)委婉,調(diao)(diao)式(shi)也不同(tong)。正(zheng)、反(fan)原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),均(jun)可(ke)單(dan)(dan)獨演(yan)(yan)唱(chang),也常與(yu)疊板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)等(deng)(deng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)聯結(jie)(jie)使用。正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)氣氛(fen)喧囂,適宜于悲哀的(de)感情(qing),可(ke)單(dan)(dan)獨使用,亦可(ke)與(yu)其(qi)他板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)作(zuo)聯接。流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)與(yu)緊(jin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)旋律基本相同(tong),緊(jin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以(yi)散板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)形式(shi)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang),流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)以(yi)1/4節拍快(kuai)速演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)。在(zai)(zai)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)中,伴以(yi)大(da)(da)鑼大(da)(da)鼓。反(fan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)結(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)方法(fa)與(yu)正(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)同(tong),但比前者激越高亢(kang)。

音樂

甌劇音樂樸素、明(ming)快、流(liu)暢,表現力很強,能(neng)細致地表達各種人物內心復(fu)雜感情。

語言

甌劇語(yu)音(yin)是溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)方(fang)言加中州(zhou)(zhou)韻(yun)。俗稱“亂彈(dan)白(bai)”或“書面溫(wen)(wen)語(yu)”(溫(wen)(wen)州(zhou)(zhou)官話)。旦角以(yi)假(jia)嗓(sang)(又稱陽喉)為主(zhu),真假(jia)聲結合;小生(sheng)(sheng)則(ze)以(yi)真假(jia)嗓(sang)結合,以(yi)本嗓(sang)為主(zhu),謂之“子母喉”(也叫(jiao)雌雄喉,陰陽喉);大(da)花多(duo)用(yong)咋音(yin);老(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)、老(lao)旦用(yong)本嗓(sang);老(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)用(yong)“堂音(yin)”、“虎音(yin)”,老(lao)旦多(duo)用(yong)腦后音(yin)。

樂器

伴(ban)奏(zou)樂器,以笛子為正吹(chui)(chui),板(ban)胡(舊稱“副吹(chui)(chui)”)為主要伴(ban)奏(zou)樂器。此外,尚有琵琶、三弦、月琴、揚琴、二(er)胡、中(zhong)胡、大(da)胡、笙、簫、嗩吶、長號、蘆管、牛筋(jin)琴等。

曲牌

甌劇(ju)的(de)廣(guang)場(chang)曲(qu)牌有絲竹曲(qu)和嗩吶曲(qu)兩種。多能伴以各種鑼鼓,富(fu)有地方(fang)色彩(cai)。其中〔什(shen)錦頭(tou)通(tong)〕、〔西(xi)皮頭(tou)通(tong)〕、〔一(yi)封書(shu)〕,為(wei)甌劇(ju)著名的(de)“三(san)大頭(tou)通(tong)”。

表演

甌劇(ju)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)演,唱做(zuo)(zuo)并重,以(yi)做(zuo)(zuo)功見長(chang)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)小(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)可分窮生(sheng)(sheng)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、風(feng)雅戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、花(hua)(hua)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、箭袍(pao)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、雌雄戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、(童生(sheng)(sheng))戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、胡子戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。在《陳州擂》、《玉麒麝》等劇(ju)中(zhong),翻撲(pu)跌(die)打(da),一應(ying)俱全。小(xiao)(xiao)旦有(you)悲、花(hua)(hua)、潑(po)、癲、唱、武 等六類戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi);花(hua)(hua)旦須兼演刀馬旦,有(you)時(shi)還要反串(chuan)武小(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng),如(ru)(ru)(ru)《哪咤鬧海》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)哪咤,是花(hua)(hua)旦的(de)(de)(de)重頭戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。二花(hua)(hua)兼演武花(hua)(hua)臉,如(ru)(ru)(ru):《紫陽觀》中(zhong)杜青,要有(you)“飛腿”、“倒(dao)爬”、“水雞步(bu)”、“虎(hu)跳”等武功表(biao)演。此外,如(ru)(ru)(ru)小(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)“麻(ma)雀步(bu)”;旦腳的(de)(de)(de)“寸(cun)步(bu)”、“跌(die)步(bu)”、“三腳”以(yi)及(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)“踢球”、“飛鑼”、帽功、扇(shan)(shan)功等,均(jun)有(you)獨到(dao)之處(chu)。由于(yu)甌劇(ju)長(chang)期活動于(yu)農(nong)村,表(biao)演具(ju)有(you)樸(pu)素,明快和粗獷的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格。甌劇(ju)的(de)(de)(de)武戲(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),更具(ju)獨特風(feng)格,吸收民間拳術而成的(de)(de)(de)“打(da)短手(shou)”、“手(shou)面跟(gen)頭”,演員赤手(shou)空(kong)拳,互相(xiang)搏斗,時(shi)翻時(shi)跌(die),動作緊湊。“打(da)臺面”中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)“上高”、“脫圈(quan)”、“銜蛋”等技(ji)巧(qiao),亦(yi)頗(po)驚險。其(qi)它如(ru)(ru)(ru)三節棍、梅花(hua)(hua)棍、對于(yu)連(lian)環(即“藤牌陳”)等武技(ji),均(jun)頗(po)有(you)特色。其(qi)他表(biao)演特技(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)《神州擂》的(de)(de)(de)箭,《火焰山》的(de)(de)(de)扇(shan)(shan),《北湖州》的(de)(de)(de)叉(cha),《打(da)店(dian)》的(de)(de)(de)枷(jia),以(yi)及(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)“麻(ma)雀步(bu)”、旦腳的(de)(de)(de)“寸(cun)步(bu)”、“跌(die)步(bu)”、“三腳步(bu)”,青衣(yi)的(de)(de)(de)“背尸”等,都具(ju)特色。

角色行當

甌劇(ju)在(zai)清(qing)光(guang)緒以前,只(zhi)有“上四腳(jiao)(jiao) ”(生、旦(dan)(dan)、凈、丑(chou))和“下四腳(jiao)(jiao)”(外、貼(tie)、副、末)八(ba)個腳(jiao)(jiao)色(se);清(qing)光(guang)緒以后,隨著劇(ju)目(mu)發(fa)展的需要,行(xing)當越(yue)分越(yue)細,發(fa)展為三堂(tang)十六(liu)腳(jiao)(jiao),即白臉堂(tang):小生、正生、老(lao)外、武(wu)生、四白臉;旦(dan)(dan)堂(tang):當學旦(dan)(dan)、正旦(dan)(dan)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)、老(lao)旦(dan)(dan)、三手旦(dan)(dan)、拜堂(tang)旦(dan)(dan)(小旦(dan)(dan));花(hua)(hua)(hua)臉堂(tang):大花(hua)(hua)(hua)、二花(hua)(hua)(hua)、四花(hua)(hua)(hua)、小花(hua)(hua)(hua)、武(wu)大花(hua)(hua)(hua)。

生行

初(chu)時甌劇角色(se)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)(wei)主,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)正生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),扮演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)、青(qing)年(nian)男子(zi)。外(老(lao)外),系(xi)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)外之(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”,專(zhuan)(zhuan)扮演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)老(lao)年(nian)男子(zi);末為(wei)(wei)“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)末”,扮演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)、老(lao)年(nian)男子(zi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)角;小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原只扮演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)青(qing)年(nian)男子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)角,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)一般俊扮不(bu)涂花(hua)臉(lian),故又稱(cheng)“白(bai)面堂(tang)”,但(dan)也有(you)少數(shu)開花(hua)臉(lian)的(de)(de)(de)戲。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)早期尚(shang)有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)外、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)末等腳色(se),亦即后(hou)來的(de)(de)(de)“四(si)白(bai)臉(lian)”,是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)扮演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)次而又次角色(se)者。清中(zhong)葉以(yi)后(hou),亂彈、皮(pi)簧(huang)勃興,描寫(xie)男女愛情(qing)婚(hun)姻的(de)(de)(de)戲增(zeng)多,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由次要變為(wei)(wei)主要,正生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成為(wei)(wei)老(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)稱(cheng)。自此,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)基本(ben)上(shang)形(xing)成小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、老(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、老(lao)外、副末四(si)行(xing)當的(de)(de)(de)格(ge)局。但(dan)仍(reng)無文武(wu)之(zhi)分,要求演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員文武(wu)不(bu)擋,做打皆精。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)法,老(lao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)(yong)“堂(tang)喉”(本(ben)嗓(sang)),講究嗓(sang)音渾奪(duo)取明亮,吐字清楚,噴口有(you)力,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)則用(yong)(yong)“小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)堂(tang)喉”(高音區運(yun)用(yong)(yong)假(jia)嗓(sang)),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)腔(qiang)句(ju)往往翻(fan)高八度演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(如(ru)〔撥(bo)子(zi)〕翻(fan)高,稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“撥(bo)子(zi)高唱(chang)”),聽來飄(piao)逸洪亮,別具一格(ge)。老(lao)外均用(yong)(yong)堂(tang)喉,講究嗓(sang)音蒼(cang)勁(jing)渾厚,以(yi)聲如(ru)洪鐘者為(wei)(wei)佳。副末亦同。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)原用(yong)(yong)“雌(ci)雄喉”(真假(jia)嗓(sang)并(bing)用(yong)(yong),轉折(zhe)明顯),演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang)中(zhong)能結(jie)合和諧者甚少,自有(you)女小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou),真假(jia)嗓(sang)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)始自然優美。

花臉行

甌劇很早(zao)就(jiu)形成(cheng)大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(凈(jing)(jing)(jing))、二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(副)、三花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(即小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),丑(chou)(chou))、四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)等四(si)色(se)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)格(ge)局,后期由于(yu)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)(duo),開始增(zeng)添一些花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)腳色(se),如(ru) “武(wu)(wu)大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)”等。大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)所扮演的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo),有(you)(you)忠有(you)(you)奸,有(you)(you)正有(you)(you)反,上至帝王權(quan)貴(gui),下至乞(qi)兒龜奴,幾(ji)乎無(wu)其不有(you)(you)。若以其所抹花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)區分,計有(you)(you)紅、黑、白(bai)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)四(si)類。紅臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)英勇忠義之(zhi)(zhi)士,黑臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)憨(han)直剛毅之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),白(bai)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)奸刁卑俗之(zhi)(zhi)徒,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(雜色(se)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian))多(duo)(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)兇殘(can)邪惡之(zhi)(zhi)輩。二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)介(jie)于(yu)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)、丑(chou)(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu),二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(副)擅飾(shi)(shi)憨(han)厚蠢笨的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(丑(chou)(chou)),舊俗在(zai)(zai)戲班中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地位最高(gao),能代表老郎(戲神)在(zai)(zai)班中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)執法。其扮演的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se),忠奸善惡,男女老少(shao),且文(wen)武(wu)(wu)不擋,無(wu)所不包(bao)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)兼演彩(cai)旦,如(ru)《碧桃(tao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)牢(lao)(lao)婆(po),《牡丹記》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)皮氏等。四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),為(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)行的(de)次要腳色(se),如(ru)《水(shui)擒龐德》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾(shi)(shi)關羽,二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾(shi)(shi)周倉(cang),四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)飾(shi)(shi)龐德;《碧桃(tao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)飾(shi)(shi)牢(lao)(lao)婆(po),四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)飾(shi)(shi)配角(jiao)(jiao)牢(lao)(lao)頭。四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)戲中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則(ze)扮演奴仆、家將(jiang)、皂吏、報子之(zhi)(zhi)類。大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)唱(chang)念均用(yong)(yong)大(da)嗓(sang)(sang),不僅要求聲(sheng)音洪亮,而(er)且要有(you)(you)翻(fan)(fan)滾之(zhi)(zhi)聲(sheng),因聲(sheng)如(ru)滾雷隆隆和(he)巨(ju)浪翻(fan)(fan)騰,稱為(wei)(wei)“滾喉”,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)稱“水(shui)底翻(fan)(fan)”。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)“堂喉”(真嗓(sang)(sang)),但(dan)說(shuo)白(bai)常用(yong)(yong)“子喉”(假嗓(sang)(sang))與“堂喉”結合,有(you)(you)時突然(ran)翻(fan)(fan)高(gao)八度,以增(zeng)強(qiang)風趣詼諧(xie)的(de)效(xiao)果。二(er)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)嗓(sang)(sang)近于(yu)大(da)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian),四(si)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)則(ze)與小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)臉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)接近。

旦行

早(zao)時(shi)只有(you)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(正(zheng)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))、貼(tie)(亦稱(cheng)作旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))、夫(老旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))和小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)四色(se)(se),正(zheng)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)與正(zheng)生相配(pei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)男女主角(jiao)(jiao)。清中(zhong)(zhong)葉后,正(zheng)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)地位為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)所代替,與小(xiao)(xiao)生相配(pei),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)男女主角(jiao)(jiao),正(zheng)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)則(ze)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)飾(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)婦(fu)女的(de)配(pei)角(jiao)(jiao)。后因(yin)武戲(xi)增多(duo),又添“武小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”一(yi)色(se)(se)。清末以后,旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)戲(xi)增加,各劇種又都增添了“三(san)(san)手(shou)(shou)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”(或稱(cheng)“三(san)(san)梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”)一(yi)色(se)(se);使旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)行多(duo)至七個腳色(se)(se)。花(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)演(yan)年(nian)(nian)青(qing)女子(zi),唱(chang)做俱重(zhong),文武兼能。因(yin)其(qi)在許多(duo)戲(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)挑(tiao)大(da)梁(liang);因(yin)而有(you)人(ren)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”、“當家旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”。貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)亦稱(cheng)作旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan),亦扮演(yan)年(nian)(nian)青(qing)女子(zi),常(chang)(chang)(chang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)花(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)之配(pei)角(jiao)(jiao),故(gu)有(you)人(ren)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)“二梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”。但貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)工唱(chang),花(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)更重(zhong)做,故(gu)貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)仍(reng)有(you)其(qi)所長和特色(se)(se)。如(ru)《西廂記》中(zhong)(zhong)花(hua)(hua)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)飾(shi)(shi)紅娘(niang),貼(tie)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)則(ze)飾(shi)(shi)崔(cui)鶯鶯。正(zheng)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)主要演(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)婦(fu)女,還常(chang)(chang)(chang)兼演(yan)次(ci)要小(xiao)(xiao)生,武小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)演(yan)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)腳武打戲(xi),如(ru)《打店》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)孫二娘(niang),《白蛇(she)傳(chuan)》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)青(qing)等。老旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)演(yan)老年(nian)(nian)婦(fu)人(ren),有(you)時(shi)兼演(yan)其(qi)它(ta)角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)(se)。三(san)(san)梁(liang)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(三(san)(san)手(shou)(shou)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan))為(wei)(wei)(wei)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)腳中(zhong)(zhong)次(ci)而又次(ci)者,常(chang)(chang)(chang)演(yan)一(yi)些(xie)丫鬟、宮(gong)女等角(jiao)(jiao)色(se)(se)。小(xiao)(xiao)旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)因(yin)每戲(xi)結(jie)尾大(da)團圓時(shi),常(chang)(chang)(chang)頭(tou)披紅巾充新(xin)娘(niang)拜(bai)堂,故(gu)又稱(cheng)“拜(bai)堂旦(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)”,多(duo)由(you)學徒(tu)擔任(ren)。

臉譜

甌劇臉(lian)譜,既雷同于(yu)兄弟劇種(zhong),又(you)有(you)(you)別于(yu)他者,是(shi)同中有(you)(you)異(yi)。其臉(lian)譜譜式,名(ming)目繁多,名(ming)稱各異(yi),在甌劇中,大體上是(shi): [3]

三(san)塊(kuai)(kuai)瓦臉(lian)(lian)( 北方稱“三(san)塊(kuai)(kuai)窩”):基本(ben)特征是(shi)將(jiang)臉(lian)(lian)較(jiao)明顯分為三(san)“塊(kuai)(kuai)”故名。金臉(lian)(lian):多為神佛,如(ru):如(ru)來佛、雷公等。

花臉(lian):如張飛、牛皋、司馬師等(deng);甌劇中還有個巾幗英雄畫花臉(lian),即《四(si)國齊》中的鐘離春。

歪臉(lian)(lian):如鄭子(zi)明(因狩獵被熊所傷傷,臉(lian)(lian)留爪痕)。

陰(yin)陽臉(lian):如《鳳臺關》中的胡福,譜式(shi)為(wei)半(ban)邊(bian)青半(ban)邊(bian)白,連髯(ran)口也黑(hei)白各半(ban),陰(yin)陽分明。

動(dong)物臉:如孫悟空、金錢豹、婁阿鼠(shu)以(yi)及《鐵桶城(cheng)》中臉畫青蛙的(de)黃模等。

碎(sui)花臉:其特點為(wei)勾圖繁碎(sui)而復雜(za),如《馬(ma)武(wu)奪魁》中的馬(ma)武(wu)等(deng)。

文(wen)(wen)字(zi)臉:特點是在額(e)上(shang)畫出鮮明文(wen)(wen)字(zi),如《盜金鈴(ling)》中(zhong)的竇一(yi)虎(hu),文(wen)(wen)字(zi)臉:特點是在額(e)上(shang)畫出鮮明文(wen)(wen)字(zi),如《盜金鈴(ling)》中(zhong)的竇一(yi)虎(hu),額(e)頭畫一(yi)草體“虎(hu)”字(zi);《雙救(jiu)駕》中(zhong)的吳(wu)漢,于額(e)頭畫一(yi)正楷“孝”字(zi)。

附(加(jia))件(jian)臉(lian): 從儺舞面具的衍化脫(tuo)變(bian)或改良,除勾畫外(wai),并局部借助于額頭、鼻子或下顎(e)等處的附加(jia)部件(jian),以改變(bian)和突(tu)顯(xian)某些局部部位(wei)。

豆腐塊臉 (俗(su)稱(cheng)“白鼻頭”):多用于小(xiao)花臉(丑(chou))行之(zhi)正、反面(mian)人物。

臉譜譜式(shi)豐富多樣、用色變化(hua)絢麗、手(shou)法巧妙,堪(kan)稱中(zhong)國戲曲藝術一(yi)絕。而(er)所有這些(xie)臉譜,都必須與(yu)髯口、盔甲、服裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、鞋靴乃至(zhi)道具等(deng)綜合配“套”,才形成完美(mei)的藝術統(tong)一(yi)體;同時,又往(wang)往(wang)于(yu)特定人物(wu)的特定人物(wu)的特定時間、特定事件,以(yi)及身(shen)份、年齡和地位的變化(hua)分不開,并(bing)伴隨著變化(hua)而(er)變化(hua)著。臉譜具有傳神、夸(kua)張、寓(yu)意、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾和褒貶、懲(cheng)惡揚(yang)善的功能(neng)。

粉白臉 (白臉的別稱):如曹操、張邦昌、嚴(yan)嵩等權貴佞臣。

紅臉(lian):多為正(zheng)面(mian)人(ren)物、忠臣良賢,如關云(yun)長、趙匡(kuang)胤(yin)等(deng)。

黑臉:忠臣賢(xian)相等正(zheng)面(mian)人(ren)物,如包拯。

傳承現狀

陳茶花

女(nv),1931年2月生(sheng),溫州市(shi)(shi)人(ren)。甌劇老一代(dai)(dai)著名(ming)(ming)表演藝(yi)術家(jia)(jia)。出生(sheng)于(yu)梨園(yuan)世(shi)家(jia)(jia)。12歲因生(sheng)活(huo)所迫開始學藝(yi),解(jie)放前先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)在“新鳳玉”亂彈班(ban)習藝(yi),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)又入“大(da)高星”、“勝福連”、“新陽(yang)春”、“新紅玉”等班(ban)社從藝(yi)。解(jie)放后(hou)(hou)(hou),參(can)加(jia)溫州勝利亂彈劇團,1959年更名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)溫州甌劇團,并作為(wei)(wei)(wei)劇種名(ming)(ming)稱行于(yu)世(shi)。她(ta)(ta)長期擔任甌劇團團長,退(tui)休后(hou)(hou)(hou)仍為(wei)(wei)(wei)甌劇團顧(gu)問(wen)。她(ta)(ta)是:中國戲劇家(jia)(jia)協會會員、浙江劇協二(er)、三屆理事、浙江三屆人(ren)大(da)代(dai)(dai)表、省六屆政(zheng)協委(wei)員、省二(er)屆文(wen)聯(lian)委(wei)員、全國第三次(ci)文(wen)代(dai)(dai)會代(dai)(dai)表、溫州市(shi)(shi)二(er)屆文(wen)聯(lian)委(wei)員、市(shi)(shi)二(er)屆劇協副主(zhu)席,后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)顧(gu)問(wen)。

數(shu)十年舞臺(tai)(tai)生涯,她先后主(zhu)演了《佛靈(ling)寺》、《販馬記》、《蝴蝶杯》、《昆山(shan)縣令》、《玉簪(zan)記》、《碧玉簪(zan)》、《鐘(zhong)離娘(niang)娘(niang)》、《高機與吳三春》及現(xian)代戲《紅梅贊》(《江姐》)、《洪湖赤衛隊》、《送肥記》等(deng)數(shu)以(yi)百(bai)計的古(gu)今婦女(nv)舞臺(tai)(tai)藝術形象,最為膾炙人口的《高機與吳三春》,被(bei)譽為浙南溫州的“梁山(shan)伯與祝(zhu)英臺(tai)(tai)”。1954年,以(yi)《賣綃(xiao)會》一折獲華東(dong)地區表(biao)演三等(deng)獎,她先后多次獲浙江省(sheng)、溫州地、市表(biao)演一等(deng)獎。其表(biao)演風范、演唱行(xing)腔(qiang),形成(cheng)特有的柔美與韻味。

作為(wei)甌劇老一代(dai)表演女旦角(過(guo)去是男旦)藝術(shu)家,先后為(wei)甌劇培養(yang)的(de)學生(sheng)有一級(ji)演員翁墨(mo)珊(shan),二(er)級(ji)演員謝菲菲、馮彩秋及洪(hong)永娟等藝術(shu)(旦角)表演骨干,對于甌劇的(de)傳承至關重要。

作(zuo)為團長和繼王蘭香(xiang)之后(hou)的(de)甌劇女(nv)性旦角(jiao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員,她深惑甌劇中(zhong)亂彈腔(qiang)唱(chang)調,那歷來男(nan)(nan)女(nv)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)員同工同調的(de)舊習非(fei)改不(bu)可;因此她數十年如(ru)一日地積極支(zhi)持(chi)和配合甌劇第(di)一代表作(zuo)曲家李子敏先生對音樂進行(xing)改革,經長期實(shi)踐,解決(jue)即確立(li)甌劇亂彈腔(qiang)唱(chang)調,在統一定調(尺字調)基(ji)礎上正,反亂彈唱(chang)調交替(ti)演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)唱(chang),從而確立(li)了男(nan)(nan)女(nv)工唱(chang)調問(wen)題,以(yi)及(慢垛(duo)板(ban))、(緊(jin)垛(duo)板(ban))、(女(nv)工垛(duo)板(ban))等(deng)新(xin)板(ban)式(shi)新(xin)腔(qiang)句的(de)創作(zuo)、試演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(唱(chang))的(de)確立(li),都與舉(ju)足輕重的(de)陳(chen)茶花為首的(de)率廣大演(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)藝人員的(de)合作(zuo)、支(zhi)持(chi)密(mi)不(bu)可分(fen)。隨(sui)著時(shi)間的(de)推移,將愈加顯示(shi)其歷史價值和意義。

孫來來

1942年1月生,溫州市區人。國家(jia)一級演員。曾任甌劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)副團(tuan)(tuan)長(chang),藝術指導,是中國戲劇(ju)(ju)家(jia)協(xie)會會員、浙(zhe)江省(sheng)政(zheng)協(xie)委員。曾兼任浙(zhe)江省(sheng)劇(ju)(ju)協(xie)常務理(li)事、溫州市劇(ju)(ju)協(xie)副主席。出身于梨(li)園(yuan)世家(jia)的孫(sun)來(lai)來(lai),1954年入“勝利亂彈”劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)(甌劇(ju)(ju)前身)習藝,攻武生行。

1960年在(zai)杭(hang)州演(yan)出(chu)時,受藝(yi)術(shu)大(da)師(shi)蓋(gai)叫天(tian)賞識并收(shou)為藝(yi)徒。四十多(duo)年來,主演(yan)的戲主要有(you):《武松》中武松,《打(da)店》、《獅(shi)子樓》、《蜈蚣(gong)嶺(ling)》中武松,《酒(jiu)樓殺(sha)場》石秀,《北湖州》鐵木爾,《殺(sha)金賣拳(quan)》韓(han)生,《蝴蝶杯》田玉川,《碧珠蛟龍扇》高(gao)清偉,《貂蟬》呂(lv)布,《三打(da)陶三春(chun)》高(gao)懷德,《沙家浜(bang)》部建(jian)光,《智取威山》楊子榮,《紅梅贊》(《江姐(jie)》)甫志高(gao),《英姑》盧根源,《東海(hai)小(xiao)哨兵》張排長(chang)等,古(gu)今人物(wu)形(xing)象(xiang),在(zai)城鄉中廣有(you)影響。

1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)(huo)浙(zhe)(zhe)江中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)演(yan)員(yuan)大獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)賽(sai)最(zui)佳獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)(huo)全國(guo)“天下第一團(tuan)”劇目展演(yan)優秀表演(yan)獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)攜《酒(jiu)樓場》(飾石秀)隨藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術團(tuan)赴西班牙、荷(he)蘭、比利(li)時(shi)等國(guo)演(yan)出,獲(huo)(huo)盛(sheng)譽;同年(nian)(nian)(nian),以(yi)《獨木關》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薛仁(ren)貴,獲(huo)(huo)浙(zhe)(zhe)江省優秀演(yan)員(yuan)獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、省文(wen)(wen)化(hua)廳藝(yi)(yi)(yi)委會(hui)“金(jin)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”,1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)《酒(jiu)樓殺場》獲(huo)(huo)國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)部文(wen)(wen)華表演(yan)獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月,應臺灣邀請赴臺巡回演(yan)出,獲(huo)(huo)得(de)臺灣專家(jia)觀眾的(de)普遍贊揚。以(yi)及溫州市(shi)金(jin)鹿獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、百花(hua)獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等省市(shi)高獎(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。為溫州市(shi)第二輪專業技(ji)術拔(ba)尖人(ren)(ren)才,享受政府(fu)特殊津貼。事跡編(bian)入《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)當代(dai)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術界名人(ren)(ren)錄》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)文(wen)(wen)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)傳集》等書。

方汝將

男,溫州市甌劇團當家小生,優秀青(qing)年(nian)演員,出生于1977年(nian)4月8日,籍貫平(ping)陽縣(xian)敖江鎮。

1997年以(yi)優異成績畢業分配(pei)到溫州市(shi)甌(ou)劇團(tuan)(tuan),是團(tuan)(tuan)里的主(zhu)要(yao)演員之一。

2001年(nian)因業績顯著,被破格(ge)評為國家(jia)三級演員(yuan)。

2001年 獲市文聯評為(wei)"希望之星"稱號;市首(shou)屆(jie)藝(yi)術(shu)節在《仇大姑娘(niang)》中扮演男(nan)主角榮獲一(yi)等獎,該劇已(yi)被中央臺戲曲頻道列(lie)為(wei)拍攝計劃向全國播(bo)放。

2002年被任(ren)命為(wei)溫州市甌劇團(tuan)副團(tuan)長(chang)職(zhi)務。

2006年(nian)(nian)作為全國(guo)地方劇(ju)種的(de)代表人物參加中央電視臺戲曲頻道《名(ming)段欣賞》開(kai)播10周年(nian)(nian)的(de)拍攝錄制,演(yan)出《殺(sha)狗記》片段。同年(nian)(nian)獲得溫州(zhou)第2屆(jie)青年(nian)(nian)演(yan)員大賽(sai)金獎第一名(ming)。同年(nian)(nian)主(zhu)演(yan)《殺(sha)狗記》參加全國(guo)地方戲匯演(yan)榮獲劇(ju)目銅(tong)獎。同年(nian)(nian)在溫州(zhou)市第2屆(jie)藝術節上(shang)主(zhu)演(yan)《洗(xi)心記》榮獲表演(yan)一等獎。

2012年 榮獲浙江省(sheng)首屆戲劇表(biao)演(yan)“金桂獎(jiang)”。

2013年5月榮獲第(di)26屆(jie)中國戲劇梅花獎。

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