大酉(you)洞(dong)位于酉(you)陽土家(jia)族(zu)苗族(zu)自治縣境內,是海拔670米處的一(yi)個(ge)大山洞(dong)。
大酉洞系(xi)石灰巖溶洞,高、寬約(yue)30米,長(chang)約(yue)180米,上彎下平,洞內(nei)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)淙淙,鐘(zhong)乳懸掛,水(shui)(shui)落珠璣。穿洞而過,則是一(yi)較完整的溶斗,巖壁(bi)高80米,溶斗盆地面積4公頃(qing)。底部有(you)一(yi)終(zhong)年不枯的泉(quan)眼,崖壁(bi)上若干(gan)小溶洞中,亦有(you)泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)飛泄,桃花(hua)溪(xi)匯(hui)泉(quan)而成,溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)穿大酉洞注(zhu)入酉陽河。據說,從(cong)地理(li)、路線、景物、歷史、距(ju)離、環境(jing)等六個(ge)方(fang)面證(zheng)明,大酉洞與陶淵明《桃花(hua)源(yuan)記》原(yuan)型相(xiang)似。
大酉洞系(xi)一石灰巖(yan)溶洞。洞高三、四十(shi)米(mi),闊二三十(shi)米(mi),長百余米(mi),有溪水淙淙,秋冬(dong)不(bu)(bu)竭,沿洞右側(ce)流出,注入酉陽(yang)河。溯溪入洞,兩(liang)岸墻立(li),半里許,豁然開朗,別有一天(tian)地(di)(di)。其中田十(shi)余畝,四周環山,皆峭壁(bi),仿佛(fo)與(yu)世隔(ge)絕。因此(ci),清《酉陽(yang)州志》稱此(ci)洞“與(yu)陶淵明桃(tao)花(hua)源(yuan)者,毫厘不(bu)(bu)爽”。清《四川通志》也說:“酉陽(yang)漢屬武(wu)陵郡之遷陵地(di)(di),漁郎所問之津,安知不(bu)(bu)在于此(ci)?惟晉永嘉之后,地(di)(di)沒蠻僚;自(zi)宋(song)及(ji)明,又世為土司地(di)(di),名(ming)儒碩彥,游跡罕至(zhi),故文獻無征,不(bu)(bu)能正名(ming)為桃(tao)源(yuan)耳。”
大酉(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)上(shang)(shang)穹(qiong)下平,冬暖夏(xia)涼。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頂,鐘乳(ru)懸掛,錯落(luo)有(you)(you)(you)致,水落(luo)珠璣,叮咚(dong)有(you)(you)(you)聲。乳(ru)石形態各異,或人或物,亦禽亦獸,憑游人之興,隨形賦名(ming)(ming)。左右石壁有(you)(you)(you)許(xu)多篆刻題詠(yong),皆因(yin)年(nian)代久遠,蝕(shi)損莫辨。唯洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后左壁上(shang)(shang),清(qing)季酉(you)陽知州羅升梧(wu)手書(shu)的(de)“太古(gu)藏書(shu)”四個斗大的(de)楷體(ti)宇,仍清(qing)晰(xi)可見。關于藏書(shu)一(yi)事,北宋《太平御覽》卷四九之《荊州記》記載(zai):“大酉(you)山上(shang)(shang)石穴中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)書(shu)千卷,相傳秦人于此而(er)學,因(yin)留之。”《郡縣志(zhi)》:“大酉(you)山有(you)(you)(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),名(ming)(ming)大酉(you)。”清(qing)乾(qian)隆三(san)十年(nian)《辰州府志(zhi)》和清(qing)道光《辰溪(xi)縣志(zhi)》也均有(you)(you)(you)詳細記載(zai)。1936年(nian)以前(qian),川湘公路(lu)未修,官(guan)路(lu)離洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)約一(yi)華里,從那條(tiao)自洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)流出(chu)的(de)小溪(xi)的(de)石橋上(shang)(shang)通過。溪(xi)畔桃樹特多,一(yi)到春天,桃花(hua)盛(sheng)開,落(luo)瑛繽(bin)紛,溪(xi)水流紅。明代無名(ming)(ming)氏(shi)在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)壁題刻絕句一(yi)首(shou):“洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)前(qian)流水渺漫(man)漫(man),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)里桃花(hua)漸(jian)漸(jian)殘(can)。曼倩不來(lai)漁(yu)父去(qu),道人閑倚石闌干。”明季酉(you)陽宣(xuan)慰使冉天育在(zai)詠(yong)大酉(you)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)“八景”的(de)詩中(zhong)也有(you)(you)(you)“萬山嶙(lin)峋洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天幽,結酗聯(lian)翩作勝(sheng)游。霄際松風青(qing)靄靄,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)邊桃瓣水悠悠……”都是詠(yong)這(zhe)“桃澗流紅”勝(sheng)景的(de)。
大(da)酉(you)洞(dong),在酉(you)陽城近郊。核其形,與陶淵(yuan)明“桃花源記(ji)(ji)”所記(ji)(ji)酷(ku)似。
現(xian)酉陽縣政府正(zheng)著手開(kai)發大酉洞風景(jing)區,按《州志》所(suo)記恢復(fu)舊貌,根據游覽需要(yao)配以現(xian)代旅(lv)游設(she)施,供(gong)人們欣賞(shang)游樂(le)。