重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)古城墻位(wei)于中國重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市(shi)渝中區,現僅存東(dong)水門、通遠門及城墻,1992年被列(lie)為重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市(shi)文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)(市(shi)級),重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)直轄后,2000年再次被列(lie)為重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市(shi)文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)(省級),2013年被列(lie)為第七批全國重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。
1、通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)于明(ming)代(dai)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)拱形頂(ding),條石砌(qi)成,其(qi)中(zhong)部分殘損。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)高5.33米(mi)(mi),寬3.5米(mi)(mi),厚(hou)7.41米(mi)(mi)。在其(qi)左右(you)殘存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)約100米(mi)(mi)。通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)原筑有(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),由于年代(dai)久(jiu)遠(yuan),現(xian)已全毀。原來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣,出門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)向西為(wei)(wei)佛圖(tu)關,是(shi)通(tong)(tong)往成都的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)道。隨著(zhu)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變遷和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴展,通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)現(xian)在位(wei)于市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)區中(zhong)干道上,三條公(gong)(gong)路在這(zhe)里交匯,每天(tian)車水馬龍,人(ren)(ren)流不(bu)斷,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞下(xia)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)井生(sheng)活(huo)悠(you)然自得(de)(de),原來(lai)守護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關隘如今成為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)民(min)安(an)(an)居樂業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所。通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壁順山勢(shi)而筑,居高臨(lin)深,呈(cheng)現(xian)出典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),具(ju)有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑科學、藝術觀景(jing)價值(zhi)。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)構筑歷(li)(li)史從(cong)公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前316年儀城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)江州—公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)226年建(jian)興四年蜀(shu)都護(hu)李嚴大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)—南宋時(shi)期為(wei)(wei)抗(kang)擊蒙(meng)(元(yuan)(yuan))軍侵犯(fan),由彭大雅(ya)、余介先后構筑山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防御體系(xi),直至明(ming)朱元(yuan)(yuan)璋(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1368-1398)年間,又(you)大規模地重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)了(le)一次重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)。清乾隆《巴縣志(zhi)》:“明(ming)洪武初,指揮戴鼎因舊址(zhi)砌(qi)石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),高十丈。周(zhou)二千(qian)六百(bai)六十丈七(qi)(qi)尺,環(huan)江為(wei)(wei)池(chi)(chi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)十七(qi)(qi),九(jiu)(jiu)開八(ba)閉,象九(jiu)(jiu)宮八(ba)卦。朝天(tian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、東水門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、太(tai)平門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、儲(chu)奇門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)(jin)紫(zi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、南紀(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、臨(lin)江門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、千(qian)廝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)開門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。翠微門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)(jin)湯門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、人(ren)(ren)和門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鳳凰門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、太(tai)安(an)(an)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、定(ding)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、洪崖門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西水門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)閉門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。”明(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完全是(shi)石頭結構。人(ren)(ren)類進入階(jie)級社(she)會后,統治者為(wei)(wei)了(le)保護(hu)其(qi)既得(de)(de)利益不(bu)得(de)(de)受外族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)侵犯(fan),構筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)(chi),作為(wei)(wei)防御設施,這(zhe)是(shi)歷(li)(li)史發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必然產(chan)物。隨著(zhu)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變遷,高墻(qiang)(qiang)深池(chi)(chi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)夷(yi)為(wei)(wei)平地,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還尚有(you)保存。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)渝中(zhong)遺留通(tong)(tong)遠(yuan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),其(qi)創建(jian)、演變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悠(you)久(jiu)歷(li)(li)史過程,充分反(fan)(fan)映(ying)了(le)巴渝兒(er)女的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勤勞、勇敢(gan)與(yu)智慧,也反(fan)(fan)映(ying)了(le)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)悠(you)久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史和厚(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化,作為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)母城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)史證,對(dui)歷(li)(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳跡(ji)有(you)著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意義(yi),對(dui)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考(kao)有(you)著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究價值(zhi)。該處(chu)于1992年3月19日,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)級文物保護(hu)單位(wei),2000年9月7日重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府公(gong)(gong)布為(wei)(wei)直轄后第一批市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)級文物保護(hu)單位(wei)。
2、東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)修(xiu)建(jian)于明代,是重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)老(lao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)東(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。現存的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)寬3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi),厚6.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),屬石(shi)卷頂城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞,附近(jin)有(you)200余米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)一段,高(gao)約6米(mi)(mi)(mi)。因城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)朝東(dong)(dong),與東(dong)(dong)去的(de)(de)(de)長江(jiang)流水(shui)(shui)同向,而得(de)名。條石(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垛及門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)大體如舊,為單(dan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞呈拱(gong)形,門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)“東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”三字已風化(hua)。東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面臨(lin)(lin)長江(jiang),孤峙江(jiang)中(zhong),險厄天(tian)成,氣勢巍(wei)峨,呈現出典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)具有(you)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)特色的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑科學(xue)、藝(yi)術(shu)觀(guan)景價值。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)構(gou)筑歷史(shi)(shi)從公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前316年(nian)儀城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)江(jiang)州—公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)226年(nian)建(jian)興四(si)年(nian)蜀都護(hu)李嚴(yan)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)—南(nan)宋時期為抗擊蒙(meng)(元(yuan)(yuan))軍(jun)侵(qin)犯,由彭大雅、余介先(xian)后構(gou)筑山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)防御體系,直至(zhi)明朱(zhu)元(yuan)(yuan)璋(zhang)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1368-1398)年(nian)間,又(you)大規模地(di)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)了一次重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。清乾隆《巴縣(xian)志》:“明洪武(wu)初(chu),指揮(hui)戴鼎因舊址砌石(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),高(gao)十丈。周二(er)千(qian)六(liu)百六(liu)十丈七(qi)尺,環江(jiang)為池(chi)(chi),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)十七(qi),九開八(ba)閉(bi),象九宮(gong)八(ba)卦。朝天(tian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、太(tai)平門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、儲奇門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)紫門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、南(nan)紀門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、通(tong)遠門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、臨(lin)(lin)江(jiang)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、千(qian)廝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為九開門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。翠微門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、金(jin)湯門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、人(ren)和(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鳳凰門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、太(tai)安門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、定遠門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、洪崖門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為八(ba)閉(bi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。”明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完全是石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)結構(gou)。人(ren)類進入(ru)階級(ji)社會(hui)后,統治者(zhe)為了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)其(qi)既得(de)利益不得(de)受外(wai)族的(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)犯,構(gou)筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi)(chi),作(zuo)為防御設施,這是歷史(shi)(shi)發展的(de)(de)(de)必然產物。隨著歷史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)發展,市政(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)變遷(qian),高(gao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)深池(chi)(chi)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)被(bei)夷為平地(di),有(you)的(de)(de)(de)還尚有(you)保(bao)(bao)存。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)渝(yu)中(zhong)遺留的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),其(qi)創建(jian)、演變的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)(shi)過(guo)程(cheng),記載著昔日的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)碼頭(tou)(tou)及重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)母城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)滄桑的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua),充分反映了巴渝(yu)兒(er)女的(de)(de)(de)勤勞(lao)、勇敢與智慧,也反映了重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)和(he)厚重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua),作(zuo)為重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)母城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要史(shi)(shi)證,對歷史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)陳跡有(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要意義,對重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考有(you)著重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)研究價值。該處于1992年(nian)3月19日,重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)市人(ren)民政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)為市級(ji)文物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2000年(nian)9月7日重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)市人(ren)民政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)為直轄后第一批市級(ji)文物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。目前東(dong)(dong)水(shui)(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)已納入(ru)“湖廣會(hui)館”歷史(shi)(shi)風貌(mao)協(xie)調區。