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泗綸(lun)(lun)蒸籠(long)，指產(chan)于廣(guang)東省羅(luo)定(ding)市(shi)泗綸(lun)(lun)鎮及周(zhou)邊地(di)區的(de)蒸籠(long)，因泗綸(lun)(lun)鎮生產(chan)歷(li)史(shi)久、產(chan)業集中而得(de)名(ming)。泗綸(lun)(lun)蒸籠(long)歷(li)史(shi)悠久，以當(dang)地(di)特(te)有(you)的(de)羅(luo)竹為主(zhu)要原料，經手(shou)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝加工(gong)(gong)而成，具(ju)有(you)天(tian)然、綠(lv)色(se)、環保(bao)(bao)(bao)等特(te)點，用“泗綸(lun)(lun)蒸籠(long)”炊(chui)蒸食(shi)物，不(bu)(bu)但保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)食(shi)物的(de)原汁原味，不(bu)(bu)積聚(ju)蒸餾水，不(bu)(bu)易變(bian)餿，耐保(bao)(bao)(bao)溫，而且還可使食(shi)物留(liu)下(xia)特(te)有(you)的(de)羅(luo)竹清香，深(shen)受國(guo)內(nei)外消費者(zhe)青睞(lai)。為中國(guo)地(di)理標志保(bao)(bao)(bao)護產(chan)品。

品質特點

泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)是羅定市重(zhong)要的(de)(de)傳統特色(se)產(chan)品(pin)之一，“泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)”以當地特有(you)的(de)(de)羅竹(zhu)為主要原(yuan)料，經(jing)手工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝加(jia)工(gong)(gong)而成，具有(you)天然、綠色(se)、環保等(deng)特點，用(yong)“泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)”炊(chui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)食(shi)物，不(bu)(bu)但保留食(shi)物的(de)(de)原(yuan)汁原(yuan)味(wei)，不(bu)(bu)積聚蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾水，不(bu)(bu)易變餿(sou)，耐保溫，而且(qie)還(huan)可使(shi)食(shi)物留下特有(you)的(de)(de)羅竹(zhu)清香(xiang)，深受(shou)國內外消費者(zhe)青睞。20世紀90年代(dai)中期(qi)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)科技含(han)量不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高。原(yuan)先(xian)全(quan)用(yong)手工(gong)(gong)操(cao)作的(de)(de)各(ge)道工(gong)(gong)序大部分(fen)已實現了(le)半機械化(hua)。鋸竹(zhu)的(de)(de)、開(kai)片的(de)(de)、打釘的(de)(de)，造鋼(gang)圈的(de)(de)都用(yong)上了(le)機器，使(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)產(chan)量不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)，質(zhi)量也(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高。泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)規(gui)格齊(qi)全(quan)，有(you)4英(ying)吋的(de)(de)點籠(long)(long)，6.5英(ying)吋的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)，20.5英(ying)寸的(de)(de)竹(zhu)籠(long)(long)，還(huan)有(you)6.5英(ying)吋鋼(gang)口編織底籠(long)(long)，鋼(gang)口毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)底籠(long)(long)，鋁皮(pi)編織底高腳(jiao)籠(long)(long)，新款鋼(gang)口毛(mao)(mao)竹(zhu)底籠(long)(long)等(deng)共40個規(gui)格品(pin)種。

歷史淵源

泗(si)(si)(si)綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)制(zhi)作相傳(chuan)起源于(yu)公元1796年(nian)至1820年(nian)（清朝(chao)嘉(jia)慶）年(nian)間(jian)，歷史悠久。1949年(nian)建(jian)國(guo)前，有(you)些(xie)農民已把(ba)羅(luo)竹(zhu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)拿到(dao)市場去買(mai)，有(you)的(de)甚(shen)(shen)至由木船帶到(dao)肇慶、廣州(zhou)等地(di)外(wai)銷。羅(luo)定(ding)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)在外(wai)已有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)聲譽。建(jian)國(guo)后(hou)，山區農民把(ba)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)作為(wei)一(yi)項副業收(shou)入(ru)(ru)。不少農戶(hu)(hu)不僅成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)男女懂得加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)，甚(shen)(shen)至連六、七(qi)歲的(de)小孩也(ye)(ye)懂得加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)。20世紀(ji)70年(nian)代初，泗(si)(si)(si)綸、榃濱(bin)(bin)等地(di)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)竹(zhu)器加(jia)工(gong)(gong)廠，生產(chan)(chan)竹(zhu)笪(da)也(ye)(ye)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)。蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)部(bu)分拿到(dao)市場銷售，部(bu)分供(gong)應縣城飯店、酒家，部(bu)分交外(wai)貿部(bu)門出(chu)口外(wai)銷。改革開放后(hou)，一(yi)些(xie)先進(jin)發(fa)達國(guo)家開始崇(chong)尚環(huan)保，他們逐漸覺(jue)察到(dao)用(yong)竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)作炊具比用(yong)金屬制(zhi)品(pin)或塑料(liao)制(zhi)品(pin)作炊具烹(peng)出(chu)的(de)食物味道要好，且成(cheng)(cheng)本低，無污染，有(you)益于(yu)健康，紛紛訂購、使用(yong)竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)。竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)受到(dao)國(guo)外(wai)朋友的(de)青睞，市場上出(chu)現(xian)需(xu)求不斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)的(de)態勢(shi)。進(jin)入(ru)(ru)20世紀(ji)80年(nian)代，蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)需(xu)求量(liang)繼續增(zeng)加(jia)，市場出(chu)現(xian)供(gong)不應求的(de)現(xian)象。政府和(he)有(you)關部(bu)門乘勢(shi)而上，組織群眾大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)羅(luo)竹(zhu)，羅(luo)竹(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積不斷(duan)增(zeng)加(jia)。泗(si)(si)(si)綸、榃濱(bin)(bin)等地(di)將加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)作為(wei)農民創(chuang)收(shou)的(de)一(yi)項產(chan)(chan)業來(lai)抓，除了(le)(le)鎮辦蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)廠外(wai)，還把(ba)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)原材料(liao)發(fa)放到(dao)農戶(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，定(ding)期回收(shou)，既壯大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)集體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟，又增(zeng)加(jia)農民收(shou)入(ru)(ru)。進(jin)入(ru)(ru)20世紀(ji)90年(nian)代后(hou)，個(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)經(jing)濟不斷(duan)發(fa)展(zhan)壯大(da)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)生產(chan)(chan)又有(you)新的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)的(de)專業街、專業村和(he)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)銷售大(da)戶(hu)(hu)。并逐漸探索出(chu)一(yi)條“公司+基(ji)地(di)+農戶(hu)(hu)”的(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)產(chan)(chan)業化(hua)路子(zi)，實行(xing)“羅(luo)竹(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)植——蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)——產(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷售”一(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)化(hua)經(jing)營，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)以(yi)羅(luo)竹(zhu)促(cu)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)，以(yi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)促(cu)羅(luo)竹(zhu)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)良性循環(huan)。

生產條件

羅定屬半丘陵山區，山地多而肥沃，年降雨量1400毫米左右。山區的泗綸、都門(men)、加(jia)益、扶合、榃濱、新樂等地，山高林(lin)密、植被層厚(hou)，山地長年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)處于濕(shi)潤狀態(tai)，特殊的(de)氣候環(huan)境，生長著(zhu)沙羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)，也(ye)叫羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建國(guo)前，農(nong)民(min)已(yi)(yi)有種植羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)習慣，20世紀70年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代后，種植面積逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增多(duo)(duo)，范圍(wei)也(ye)不斷擴大。改革開放后，市場上對竹(zhu)(zhu)制蒸籠的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增多(duo)(duo)，農(nong)民(min)看到了種羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)工蒸籠的(de)前景，于是積極發(fa)展(zhan)羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)生產(chan)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種有羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)7200畝(mu)(mu)，1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)到8400畝(mu)(mu)，1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增至(zhi)13000畝(mu)(mu)，2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)已(yi)(yi)達(da)到38000畝(mu)(mu)。種植較多(duo)(duo)的(de)泗綸達(da)23000畝(mu)(mu)。羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)種植一般4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始采收(shou)(shou)，以(yi)后每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)可采收(shou)(shou)一次，采收(shou)(shou)時間為冬季至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春季，畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)一般6000～7000斤，高產(chan)的(de)可達(da)1萬斤。羅(luo)(luo)定人多(duo)(duo)，耕(geng)地少(shao)，山區耕(geng)地更少(shao)，泗綸鎮2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)73917人，32241多(duo)(duo)個(ge)勞動力(li)，耕(geng)地只有30374畝(mu)(mu)，平均每人0.41畝(mu)(mu)。豐(feng)富的(de)勞動力(li)資源，為種植羅(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)(zhu)，加(jia)工蒸籠，增加(jia)收(shou)(shou)入，創造了有利條件。

加工工藝

蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)加工有幾(ji)個步(bu)驟，一(yi)是(shi)(shi)選料，選取當地深山種植4年以上(shang)，竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)直(zhi)、徑長、節疏的(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)羅竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。二是(shi)(shi)開料，將(jiang)(jiang)砍(kan)下來的(de)(de)羅竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)削去(qu)(qu)枝葉(xie)，并(bing)按(an)照需(xu)要(yao)(yao)加工的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)將(jiang)(jiang)羅竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋸成(cheng)(cheng)各種長度，破開、裁好(hao)(hao)(hao)。三是(shi)(shi)削片(pian)，將(jiang)(jiang)開好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)削去(qu)(qu)表(biao)面(mian)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)青，并(bing)把竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)刨光滑、大小(xiao)均勻，同時(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)防(fang)腐霉消毒處(chu)理(li)(li)。四是(shi)(shi)焙(bei)片(pian)，將(jiang)(jiang)刨好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)放在(zai)火(huo)上(shang)面(mian)烘焙(bei)，使其具(ju)有良好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)柔韌性，并(bing)按(an)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)將(jiang)(jiang)焙(bei)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)以幾(ji)十片(pian)為(wei)一(yi)捆，用特制的(de)(de)木(mu)棍卷成(cheng)(cheng)圓形，曬(shai)干后以待編(bian)(bian)織。五是(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)型，將(jiang)(jiang)烘好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)片(pian)，按(an)照蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)的(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)(ge)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)卷成(cheng)(cheng)圓形，用銅(tong)線穿(chuan)好(hao)(hao)(hao)固定(ding)(ding)，做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)的(de)(de)外(wai)圈。在(zai)外(wai)圈里面(mian)上(shang)用4條(tiao)(tiao)，下用2條(tiao)(tiao)篾(mie)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)卷成(cheng)(cheng)圓形撐著(zhu)外(wai)圈，這道工序叫(jiao)做(zuo)頂竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。接(jie)著(zhu)進入子口(kou)工序，子口(kou)的(de)(de)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣，有竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、木(mu)、銅(tong)、鋼等，可(ke)根據客戶要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)選用。再在(zai)籠(long)(long)身上(shang)穿(chuan)孔，打上(shang)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)釘(ding)，接(jie)著(zhu)入籠(long)(long)橋（承托食品的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)底(di)）。入籠(long)(long)橋時(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)削好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)條(tiao)(tiao)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)條(tiao)(tiao)地排整(zheng)齊(qi)，用白皮藤條(tiao)(tiao)纏好(hao)(hao)(hao)、固定(ding)(ding)。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)對編(bian)(bian)織成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)進行防(fang)蟲處(chu)理(li)(li)、晾曬(shai)。七是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)曬(shai)干的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)進行打磨，去(qu)(qu)除邊毛，即成(cheng)(cheng)蒸(zheng)籠(long)(long)。

生產情況

泗(si)綸鎮(zhen)作(zuo)為全球最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基地，經(jing)過不(bu)斷的(de)(de)研究(jiu)開發，到(dao)2009年(nian)(nian)，該(gai)鎮(zhen)已(yi)具(ju)備生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)普通蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、高腳籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、鋁皮子口(kou)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)子口(kou)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、外(wai)加(jia)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)圈籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、毛竹拋(pao)光(guang)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、四方籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、蛋籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、木蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)等(deng)9大(da)(da)系列，規格從(cong)(cong)5至22英(ying)寸(cun)等(deng)18種蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)系列產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品。鎮(zhen)政府還抓住(zhu)被省(sheng)評為專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術創新試點鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)機(ji)遇，不(bu)斷進行技(ji)術創新，經(jing)過技(ji)術攻關，自行研制了(le)鉆(zhan)孔(kong)機(ji)、破片機(ji)、籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)橋(qiao)拋(pao)光(guang)機(ji)、不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)包口(kou)機(ji)等(deng)一(yi)批(pi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械，提高了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力、降低了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)成(cheng)本。此外(wai)，通過與高校(xiao)合作(zuo)，共同研究(jiu)開發羅竹生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優質栽培與生(sheng)(sheng)態綜合利(li)用，采取(qu)多(duo)(duo)形式、多(duo)(duo)渠道搞活市場流通，擴大(da)(da)銷售，逐步建(jian)立了(le)一(yi)條延伸(shen)國內外(wai)市場的(de)(de)營銷網絡。蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)已(yi)成(cheng)為該(gai)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)特色支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，建(jian)立了(le)“竹子生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、出(chu)口(kou)創匯(hui)”產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)供銷一(yi)條龍的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)服務(wu)體系，實(shi)現了(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)經(jing)濟持續、穩健(jian)、快速發展，2009年(nian)(nian)，從(cong)(cong)業(ye)人員達1.2萬(wan)，年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)1.02億(yi)只，出(chu)口(kou)創匯(hui)3000多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)美(mei)元。到(dao)2011年(nian)(nian)，“泗(si)綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”已(yi)形成(cheng)7個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)村(cun)，4條加(jia)工(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)街(jie)，有較大(da)(da)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)廠21家，從(cong)(cong)事(shi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)農戶1.5萬(wan)多(duo)(duo)戶2萬(wan)多(duo)(duo)人，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)小蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)2億(yi)余只，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值4億(yi)多(duo)(duo)元，創匯(hui)近2000萬(wan)美(mei)元，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)出(chu)口(kou)量分別占全中國同類產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)80%和(he)85%。