發展歷史
公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)666年(nian)(nian)(唐(tang)乾(qian)封元(yuan)年(nian)(nian))追尊老子(zi)(李耳)為(wei)玄(xuan)元(yuan)皇(huang)帝(di),公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)741年(nian)(nian)(開元(yuan)二十(shi)九年(nian)(nian))詔令兩京諸州置廟祭祀,因而上(shang)清宮又叫玄(xuan)元(yuan)皇(huang)帝(di)廟,后人又追尊老子(zi)為(wei)太上(shang)老君(jun),所以(yi)也稱老君(jun)廟。
詩人杜甫于公(gong)元749年登上玄元皇帝(di)廟(miao),一覽洛陽的(de)(de)山(shan)河形勢(shi),寫(xie)出“山(shan)河扶繡戶,日月近雕梁(liang)”的(de)(de)名(ming)句,吳道子在此繪了《五圣千官(guan)像(xiang)》,宋代的(de)(de)蘇東坡也曾(ceng)于此刻石(shi)題句。
洛陽上(shang)清宮(gong)(gong),金(jin)元已廢,以后多次(ci)重修,民國(guo)時亦曾整修。抗日戰爭(zheng)期間慘遭日軍炸(zha)彈破壞,僅翠云洞(dong)和(he)洞(dong)上(shang)平臺、三間五脊歇(xie)山(shan)頂老君(jun)殿幸(xing)存。在上(shang)清宮(gong)(gong)南邊(bian)和(he)邙山(shan)嶺下,有玉清、下清二宮(gong)(gong)。下清宮(gong)(gong)規模(mo)較小,但十分緊湊幽靜(jing)。附近(jin)尚有道士(shi)墓塔5座。 [1]
洛陽(yang)上(shang)清宮(gong)是道教名觀,位(wei)(wei)于(yu)洛陽(yang)城北(bei)邙山翠(cui)云峰(feng)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君煉丹(dan)之處(chu),始建于(yu)唐玄(xuan)宗開元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)間,為(wei)一座青磚廟(miao)院(yuan),緊湊(cou)幽靜。上(shang)清宮(gong)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)洛陽(yang)市西北(bei)4公(gong)里邙山之巔翠(cui)云峰(feng),相(xiang)傳(chuan)這里為(wei)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)君煉丹(dan)處(chu),老(lao)(lao)(lao)子也在(zai)此處(chu)煉丹(dan)。上(shang)清宮(gong)始建于(yu)唐代,初稱老(lao)(lao)(lao)君廟(miao)。公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)666年(nian)(乾封元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)),追(zhui)封老(lao)(lao)(lao)子為(wei)太(tai)(tai)上(shang)玄(xuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)帝,故又(you)稱玄(xuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)帝廟(miao)。后因避玄(xuan)宗諱,改稱元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)皇(huang)帝廟(miao)。再改上(shang)清宮(gong)。
上清宮規(gui)模宏偉,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂巍(wei)峨,門(men)外(wai)有(you)石(shi)獅石(shi)馬,內有(you)吳道子所作壁(bi)畫《吳圣圖》和《老子化(hua)胡(hu)經》,十(shi)分輝(hui)煌壯觀。歷代文(wen)人墨客涉足山(shan)巔,南望伊(yi)洛平原,古(gu)都(dou)盡收眼底。瞻仰(yang)上清宮,寫下(xia)了不少美麗(li)詩(shi)篇,杜甫有(you)“山(shan)河(he)扶(fu)繡(xiu)戶,日月近(jin)雕(diao)梁”的著名詩(shi)句(ju),蘇東(dong)坡題字(zi)留念。后至金元廢毀,明(ming)代嘉靖十(shi)四年(nian)(1535年(nian)),道士張(zhang)玄募(mu)錢重建,以山(shan)高風大,改殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂(ding)小瓦為大型釉瓦(俗(su)稱琉璃瓦),屋脊(ji)置鐵(tie)瓦,故稱大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為鐵(tie)瓦琉璃殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),今(jin)廟內尚存其時鐵(tie)瓦數(shu)塊。嘉靖三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)地震,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)震毀;1682年(nian)(康熙二十(shi)一年(nian))巡府(fu)閻(yan)興(xing)邦、1730年(nian)(雍正八(ba)年(nian))知府(fu)張(zhang)漢鼎等均重修(xiu)。修(xiu)后廟宇(yu),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南北長500米(mi),東(dong)西寬300米(mi),有(you)戲樓、山(shan)門(men)、一、二、三(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);以及配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廊房等。抗戰時期為日寇飛機炸毀。現存有(you)山(shan)門(men)、窯洞(翠(cui)云洞)和配(pei)房數(shu)間(jian),翠(cui)云洞上有(you)玉皇閣(ge)三(san)間(jian) 。
上清(qing)宮為中國(guo)的(de)道(dao)教文(wen)化傳播積累了豐厚的(de)文(wen)化積淀,上清(qing)宮還(huan)在(zai)為道(dao)教文(wen)化發展做出積極貢獻,上清(qing)宮的(de)桃木劍還(huan)在(zai)被很多(duo)人(ren)選擇辟邪鎮宅(zhai)的(de)神器。
上清宮桃(tao)(tao)木劍(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)道教中具有舉足輕重(zhong)的地位。按照(zhao)道教儀軌,在(zai)(zai)(zai)道士(shi)設法壇、做法事時,法壇上通(tong)常(chang)至少應陳列(lie)寶(bao)劍(jian)(桃(tao)(tao)木劍(jian))、令旗(qi)、令箭(jian)、令牌、天蓮尺、鎮壇木這五(wu)大(da)法器。這一點,在(zai)(zai)(zai)諸多港臺的鬼神類電(dian)影,如林正英主演的一系列(lie)電(dian)影中也有體現。其中桃(tao)(tao)木劍(jian)又被(bei)選做事鎮宅之(zhi)主要利器。
旅游信息
可(ke)乘坐36路公交前(qian)往。