一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車(che)的朋友(you)對ESP（車(che)身電(dian)子穩定系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、ABS（防抱(bao)死制(zhi)動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引力(li)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）等車(che)載(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)不會感到陌生，在新能源車(che)上還有一(yi)個非常重要(yao)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，它就是BMS（電(dian)池管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)），它又叫電(dian)池管家，那(nei)么它有什么作(zuo)用呢？

據(ju)(ju)(ju)了解，新能源汽車(che)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家(jia)是一個很(hen)龐大的(de)軟硬件集合體，包(bao)括傳(chuan)感器、中央處(chu)(chu)理(li)器、執行機構等(deng)(deng)，它的(de)作用(yong)主要(yao)是采集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)(deng)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)，然后分(fen)析數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)狀態和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用(yong)環境，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)進行監測(ce)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，從而(er)保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)在安全的(de)工作區間內，提供車(che)輛(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)所需(xu)的(de)必需(xu)信息，在出現異常(chang)時及時響應并進行處(chu)(chu)理(li)，它也會根據(ju)(ju)(ju)環境溫(wen)度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態及車(che)輛(liang)需(xu)求(qiu)等(deng)(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管(guan)理系(xi)統是對電池進行監控與控制(zhi)的(de)(de)系(xi)統，將(jiang)采集的(de)(de)電池信(xin)息實時(shi)反饋給用戶，同時(shi)根據采集的(de)(de)信(xin)息調(diao)節參數，充(chong)分發揮電池的(de)(de)性能，其功能主(zhu)要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電池(chi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)分(fen)(fen)析最常(chang)見的(de)一種就是(shi)動力電池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)荷電狀(zhuang)態(tai)（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的(de)就是(shi)電池(chi)剩余電量(liang)和電池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)百分(fen)(fen)比(bi)。

SOC估算是BMS的(de)核心功能，同時也是評估電(dian)動車續航里程的(de)主要參(can)數(shu)。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個電(dian)池包的(de)傳(chuan)感器檢測(ce)(ce)電(dian)池參(can)數(shu)（電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)和溫度等）信息(xi)，有的(de)電(dian)壓傳(chuan)感器精度非常高，1mv的(de)變化都可以被(bei)(bei)識別(bie)出(chu)來，由(you)于探測(ce)(ce)的(de)信息(xi)準確(que)外(wai)加優(you)秀的(de)算法(fa)處(chu)理(li)，電(dian)池的(de)剩余電(dian)量就可以被(bei)(bei)非常準確(que)的(de)計算出(chu)來。

在日(ri)常(chang)用(yong)車過(guo)程中(zhong)，車主(zhu)可以通過(guo)中(zhong)控屏自主(zhu)設置SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以理解(jie)成(cheng)車輛電(dian)量平衡的目標值(zhi)。當車輛電(dian)量高于設置值(zhi)時，系統動力分(fen)配會優先用(yong)電(dian)，降低能(neng)耗；當車輛電(dian)量低于設置值(zhi)時，車輛行駛時會有一部(bu)分(fen)動力用(yong)于發電(dian)使電(dian)量上升(sheng)，以保(bao)證用(yong)電(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)過(guo)高(gao)或者(zhe)過(guo)低都會(hui)影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活(huo)性，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷，最終影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽(shou)命(ming)，而BMS能夠為(wei)電(dian)(dian)池營造良好的(de)(de)運行環(huan)(huan)境。比如在(zai)寒(han)冷的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效率(lv)降低，這(zhe)個時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用加熱系統(tong)來讓電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)使(shi)其(qi)達到(dao)舒適的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)環(huan)(huan)境；如果在(zai)夏季或者(zhe)是電(dian)(dian)池發熱的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用冷卻系統(tong)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)，利用智(zhi)能溫(wen)控系統(tong)大大提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)允許充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單體最(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、最(zui)高(gao)溫度(du)、當前(qian)允許充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當前(qian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓等(deng)信息與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進(jin)(jin)行交互(hu)，從而(er)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)按照適配的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進(jin)(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位后，BMS會(hui)(hui)限制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)“涓流模(mo)式(shi)”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正(zheng)飽(bao)和、延長(chang)使(shi)用壽命），直到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結束最(zui)后斷開連(lian)接。

此(ci)外(wai)，BMS還會(hui)起到(dao)(dao)“均衡(heng)管(guan)理”的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體之間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性。這是(shi)因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先天因素(su)或者工作溫度不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)致，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，所以在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會(hui)出現不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)情況，比如有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)卻還沒(mei)有(you)(you)充(chong)滿(man)。BMS系統可以起到(dao)(dao)調節(jie)作用(yong)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可以同(tong)時完成，比如通過旁(pang)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其達到(dao)(dao)和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終達到(dao)(dao)整體均衡(heng)。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能(neng)對故障信息(xi)進行(xing)分(fen)析，通過相關策略對電(dian)池系統進行(xing)保護和控(kong)制(zhi)，同(tong)時讓故障燈點亮(liang)以便提醒車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除了通(tong)信功(gong)能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起到(dao)故(gu)障診斷的(de)功(gong)能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據電(dian)(dian)芯參數(shu)和電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統功(gong)能(neng)制定相應的(de)故(gu)障閾值表(biao)，BMS通(tong)過故(gu)障閾值表(biao)對電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統進(jin)行保護(hu)并上報故(gu)障類型(xing)，方便后期的(de)故(gu)障排查以及檢(jian)修維(wei)護(hu)。