一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車(che)(che)的朋(peng)友對ESP（車(che)(che)身電子穩定系(xi)統）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)統）、TCS（牽(qian)引(yin)力控制系(xi)統）等車(che)(che)載系(xi)統不會感到陌生，在新能源車(che)(che)上(shang)還有一個非(fei)常重要的系(xi)統，它就(jiu)是BMS（電池管理系(xi)統），它又(you)叫電池管家，那么它有什么作用呢(ni)？

據了解(jie)，新能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池管家是(shi)一個很龐大的(de)(de)軟硬件集合(he)體，包括傳(chuan)感器(qi)、中央處(chu)理器(qi)、執行(xing)機構等，它(ta)的(de)(de)作用(yong)主要是(shi)采集動力電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻等數據，然后分(fen)析數據狀(zhuang)態和(he)電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)環境，對電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)(tong)充放電(dian)(dian)過程進行(xing)監測和(he)控(kong)制，從(cong)而保證電(dian)(dian)池組在(zai)安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)工作區間內(nei)，提供車(che)輛(liang)控(kong)制所需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)必需(xu)(xu)信息，在(zai)出現異(yi)常(chang)時(shi)及時(shi)響(xiang)應并(bing)進行(xing)處(chu)理，它(ta)也(ye)會根據環境溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、電(dian)(dian)池狀(zhuang)態及車(che)輛(liang)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)等決定電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充放電(dian)(dian)功率等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)是對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行監控與控制(zhi)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，將采集的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)信(xin)息實時(shi)反饋給用(yong)戶，同時(shi)根(gen)據采集的(de)信(xin)息調節參數，充分發揮電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)性能，其功能主要(yao)有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)分析最常見(jian)的(de)(de)一種就(jiu)是(shi)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)（SOC）估算(suan)，SOC其實指的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量的(de)(de)百分比(bi)。

SOC估算是BMS的(de)核心(xin)功能，同時也是評估電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車續(xu)航里程(cheng)的(de)主要(yao)參數(shu)(shu)。BMS通過遍(bian)布(bu)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包的(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)參數(shu)(shu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和溫度等(deng)）信息，有的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳(chuan)感(gan)器精度非常高，1mv的(de)變化都可以(yi)(yi)被(bei)識別(bie)出來，由(you)于探測(ce)的(de)信息準確(que)外加(jia)優秀的(de)算法處理(li)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量就可以(yi)(yi)被(bei)非常準確(que)的(de)計(ji)算出來。

在日常(chang)用車(che)(che)(che)(che)過(guo)程中，車(che)(che)(che)(che)主(zhu)可以通過(guo)中控屏自主(zhu)設(she)置SOC，SOC目(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)可以理(li)解成車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量平衡(heng)的目(mu)標值(zhi)(zhi)。當車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量高于設(she)置值(zhi)(zhi)時，系(xi)統動力(li)分(fen)配會(hui)優先用電(dian)，降低(di)能(neng)耗(hao)；當車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量低(di)于設(she)置值(zhi)(zhi)時，車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)行駛時會(hui)有一部分(fen)動力(li)用于發電(dian)使電(dian)量上升(sheng)，以保證用電(dian)需(xu)要(yao)。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)溫度過高或(huo)者(zhe)過低都會影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)活性(xing)，甚(shen)至會造成(cheng)不可(ke)逆的(de)(de)物(wu)理損傷，最終影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯壽命，而(er)BMS能(neng)夠(gou)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)營造良好(hao)的(de)(de)運(yun)行環境(jing)。比如在寒冷的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率降(jiang)(jiang)低，這個時候BMS會調用加(jia)熱系統來讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯升溫使其(qi)達到舒適的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環境(jing)；如果在夏(xia)季或(huo)者(zhe)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)發熱的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，BMS會調用冷卻(que)系統為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯降(jiang)(jiang)溫，利用智能(neng)溫控系統大(da)大(da)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯的(de)(de)使用壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)(zui)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高溫度(du)、當前允(yun)許(xu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以(yi)及當前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備進行(xing)(xing)交互，從而使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)按(an)照適配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行(xing)(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高位(wei)后，BMS會(hui)限(xian)制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到(dao)“涓(juan)流模式”（使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和、延長使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程結(jie)束最(zui)(zui)后斷開連接。

此外(wai)，BMS還會(hui)起到“均(jun)衡(heng)管理”的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體之間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差，從而保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)一(yi)致性。這(zhe)是因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于先(xian)天因素或者工作(zuo)(zuo)溫度(du)不一(yi)致，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)不同(tong)，所以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會(hui)出現不一(yi)致的(de)情況，比(bi)如有(you)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)卻還沒(mei)有(you)充滿。BMS系統可(ke)(ke)以(yi)起到調節(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)用，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)(ke)以(yi)同(tong)時完成(cheng)，比(bi)如通過旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使(shi)其達(da)(da)到和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最終(zhong)達(da)(da)到整(zheng)體均(jun)衡(heng)。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故障信息進行分析，通過相關(guan)策略對電池系(xi)統進行保護(hu)和控制，同時讓(rang)故障燈(deng)點亮(liang)以(yi)便提醒車(che)主。

5、故障診斷

除了通(tong)信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起到故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)診斷(duan)的(de)功能(neng)。BMS會(hui)根據(ju)電(dian)芯參(can)數和(he)電(dian)池(chi)系統功能(neng)制定(ding)相應的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表，BMS通(tong)過故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表對電(dian)池(chi)系統進行保(bao)護并上(shang)報(bao)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)類(lei)型(xing)，方便后期的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)排查以及檢(jian)修維護。