一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的(de)朋友對ESP（車身電子穩定(ding)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱(bao)死制(zhi)動系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽引力(li)控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）等車載系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)不會(hui)感(gan)到陌生，在新能源(yuan)車上還有一(yi)個非常重(zhong)要的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電池管理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)），它(ta)又叫(jiao)電池管家，那么它(ta)有什么作(zuo)用呢？

據(ju)了解(jie)，新(xin)能源汽車上的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是(shi)一個很龐大的軟(ruan)硬(ying)件集合體(ti)，包括傳(chuan)感器、中央處理(li)(li)器、執行機(ji)構等(deng)(deng)，它的作(zuo)用主要是(shi)采集動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)(deng)數(shu)據(ju)，然后分析(xi)數(shu)據(ju)狀態和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用環境(jing)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程進(jin)行監測和控制，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在安全(quan)的工作(zuo)區間內，提供車輛(liang)(liang)控制所需的必需信息，在出現異常時及(ji)時響(xiang)應并進(jin)行處理(li)(li)，它也會根據(ju)環境(jing)溫度、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態及(ji)車輛(liang)(liang)需求等(deng)(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)等(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)是對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)監控(kong)與(yu)控(kong)制的(de)系(xi)統(tong)，將采(cai)(cai)集的(de)電(dian)池(chi)信息(xi)實時反饋(kui)給用戶，同時根據(ju)采(cai)(cai)集的(de)信息(xi)調(diao)節參數(shu)，充分發揮(hui)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)性能(neng)，其功(gong)能(neng)主要(yao)有：

1、電池狀態分析

電池(chi)狀態分析最常見(jian)的一種(zhong)就是(shi)動力電池(chi)系(xi)統荷電狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的就是(shi)電池(chi)剩余電量(liang)和電池(chi)容量(liang)的百分比。

SOC估算是(shi)BMS的(de)(de)核心功能，同時也是(shi)評估電(dian)(dian)動車續航里程的(de)(de)主要(yao)參(can)數(shu)。BMS通過遍(bian)布(bu)整個電(dian)(dian)池包的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感器檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)池參(can)數(shu)（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度(du)等(deng)）信息，有的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳(chuan)感器精度(du)非(fei)常(chang)高，1mv的(de)(de)變化都(dou)可(ke)以被(bei)識別出來，由于探測(ce)的(de)(de)信息準確(que)外加優秀的(de)(de)算法處理，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可(ke)以被(bei)非(fei)常(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)計算出來。

在日常用(yong)(yong)車(che)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，車(che)主可以通過(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)控(kong)屏(ping)自主設(she)置SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以理解成車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量(liang)平(ping)衡的目標值(zhi)。當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量(liang)高于(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，系統(tong)動力(li)分配(pei)會(hui)(hui)優先用(yong)(yong)電(dian)，降低能(neng)耗；當(dang)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)量(liang)低于(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，車(che)輛(liang)(liang)行駛時會(hui)(hui)有一部分動力(li)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)發電(dian)使電(dian)量(liang)上升，以保證用(yong)(yong)電(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度過(guo)高或者(zhe)過(guo)低都會影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)活(huo)性，甚(shen)至會造(zao)成不可逆的(de)(de)物理損傷(shang)，最終影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)壽命，而BMS能(neng)夠為電(dian)池營造(zao)良好(hao)的(de)(de)運行環境。比如在(zai)寒冷(leng)的(de)(de)地區，電(dian)池充電(dian)效率降低，這(zhe)個時(shi)候BMS會調用加熱系統來讓電(dian)芯(xin)升溫(wen)(wen)使其達到舒適的(de)(de)充電(dian)環境；如果在(zai)夏季或者(zhe)是電(dian)池發熱的(de)(de)情況下，BMS會調用冷(leng)卻系統為電(dian)芯(xin)降溫(wen)(wen)，利(li)用智能(neng)溫(wen)(wen)控系統大(da)大(da)提高電(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)使用壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的單體最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)溫度、當(dang)前允許充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的最(zui)(zui)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以(yi)及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)進行交(jiao)互，從而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統按照適(shi)配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位后(hou)，BMS會限制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到“涓流模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和、延長使用壽命），直到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結束(shu)最(zui)(zui)后(hou)斷(duan)開連(lian)接(jie)。

此外，BMS還(huan)會起到“均(jun)衡管(guan)理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單(dan)體(ti)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓差(cha)，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一致性。這是因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)由于(yu)先天因(yin)素或者工作(zuo)溫度不一致，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓各有(you)不同，所(suo)以(yi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出現(xian)不一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，比如(ru)(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)卻(que)還(huan)沒有(you)充滿。BMS系統(tong)可以(yi)起到調節作(zuo)用(yong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可以(yi)同時完成(cheng)，比如(ru)(ru)通過旁路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)(qi)達(da)到和其(qi)(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，最(zui)終達(da)到整體(ti)均(jun)衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還(huan)能對故障信息進(jin)行分(fen)析，通過相關策(ce)略對電池系統進(jin)行保護和(he)控制，同(tong)時(shi)讓故障燈(deng)點亮(liang)以便提醒車主(zhu)。

5、故障診斷

除(chu)了(le)通信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起到故障(zhang)(zhang)診斷的功能(neng)。BMS會根據電(dian)(dian)芯參數和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)功能(neng)制定(ding)相應的故障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表，BMS通過故障(zhang)(zhang)閾值表對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統(tong)進行(xing)保護并上報故障(zhang)(zhang)類型(xing)，方(fang)便(bian)后期的故障(zhang)(zhang)排查(cha)以及檢(jian)修(xiu)維護。