一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電(dian)子穩定系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）、TCS（牽引(yin)力控制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)）等(deng)車載系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)會感(gan)到陌生，在(zai)新能源車上還有一(yi)個非(fei)常重要(yao)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，它(ta)就是BMS（電(dian)池管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)），它(ta)又叫電(dian)池管家，那(nei)么(me)它(ta)有什么(me)作用呢？

據(ju)(ju)了解，新(xin)能源汽車上的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是(shi)一個很(hen)龐大的軟硬件集(ji)合體，包括傳感器、中(zhong)央(yang)處(chu)理器、執行機構等(deng)(deng)(deng)，它的作用主要(yao)是(shi)采集(ji)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、溫度、電(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)阻等(deng)(deng)(deng)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，然后分(fen)析數(shu)據(ju)(ju)狀(zhuang)態和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用環(huan)境(jing)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程進(jin)行監測和控(kong)制(zhi)，從而保證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在安(an)全的工作區(qu)間(jian)內，提供車輛控(kong)制(zhi)所需的必需信息，在出現異常時及(ji)時響(xiang)應并(bing)進(jin)行處(chu)理，它也(ye)會根(gen)據(ju)(ju)環(huan)境(jing)溫度、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態及(ji)車輛需求等(deng)(deng)(deng)決定電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理系統是(shi)對電池進行監控與控制的系統，將采(cai)集的電池信息實時(shi)反(fan)饋給(gei)用戶，同時(shi)根據采(cai)集的信息調(diao)節(jie)參數(shu)，充分發揮電池的性能(neng)，其(qi)功能(neng)主要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池狀態分(fen)析最常見的一種(zhong)就是動力電(dian)(dian)池系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀態（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的就是電(dian)(dian)池剩余電(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)池容量的百分(fen)比。

SOC估算(suan)是BMS的(de)(de)核(he)心功能，同時也(ye)是評估電動車續航(hang)里程的(de)(de)主(zhu)要參數(shu)(shu)。BMS通過遍布整個(ge)電池(chi)包的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感器(qi)檢測電池(chi)參數(shu)(shu)（電壓(ya)(ya)、電流和溫度(du)等）信息，有(you)的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)傳(chuan)感器(qi)精度(du)非常(chang)高(gao)，1mv的(de)(de)變化都可以被識別出(chu)(chu)來，由于探(tan)測的(de)(de)信息準確(que)外加優(you)秀的(de)(de)算(suan)法(fa)處理(li)，電池(chi)的(de)(de)剩余電量就可以被非常(chang)準確(que)的(de)(de)計算(suan)出(chu)(chu)來。

在日常用(yong)車(che)過程中(zhong)，車(che)主可以通過中(zhong)控屏自主設置SOC，SOC目標值(zhi)可以理解成(cheng)車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)平(ping)衡的目標值(zhi)。當車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)高于設置值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，系統動力分(fen)配會優先用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，降低能耗；當車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)低于設置值(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，車(che)輛(liang)行駛時(shi)(shi)會有一部分(fen)動力用(yong)于發電(dian)(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)上升，以保證用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池的(de)溫度過(guo)高(gao)或者(zhe)過(guo)低(di)都(dou)會影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)活性(xing)，甚至會造成不(bu)可(ke)逆的(de)物理損傷(shang)，最終影(ying)響電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)壽命，而(er)BMS能(neng)夠為電(dian)池營造良好(hao)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)環境。比如在寒冷的(de)地區，電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)效率降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)，這個時候BMS會調用(yong)(yong)加熱系(xi)統來讓(rang)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)升溫使(shi)其達(da)到舒適(shi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)環境；如果(guo)在夏(xia)季或者(zhe)是電(dian)池發熱的(de)情況下(xia)，BMS會調用(yong)(yong)冷卻系(xi)統為電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)降(jiang)(jiang)溫，利用(yong)(yong)智能(neng)溫控系(xi)統大大提高(gao)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充電(dian)時(shi)，BMS會(hui)把電(dian)池系統(tong)允許充電(dian)的單體最高(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)、最高(gao)總電(dian)壓(ya)、最高(gao)溫度、當前允許充電(dian)的最大電(dian)流、SOC以及當前電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)等信息與充電(dian)設(she)備進(jin)行交互，從而(er)使電(dian)池系統(tong)按(an)照適配的充電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)、充電(dian)電(dian)流和充電(dian)方法進(jin)行充電(dian)。當電(dian)池電(dian)量處于高(gao)位(wei)后，BMS會(hui)限(xian)制充電(dian)，進(jin)入到(dao)“涓流模(mo)式”（使電(dian)芯(xin)真正飽和、延(yan)長使用壽命），直到(dao)充電(dian)過(guo)程結束最后斷開連接(jie)。

此外，BMS還會(hui)起(qi)到(dao)“均衡管理”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)差，從而保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)致性。這(zhe)是因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由(you)于先天因(yin)素或者工作溫(wen)度不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致，導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)各有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)，所(suo)以在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)會(hui)出現不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，比(bi)如有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卻還沒有(you)(you)充滿。BMS系統可(ke)(ke)以起(qi)到(dao)調節(jie)作用，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾乎可(ke)(ke)以同(tong)時完成，比(bi)如通過(guo)旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其達(da)到(dao)和其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，最終達(da)到(dao)整體均衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對(dui)故(gu)障信息進行分(fen)析，通(tong)過(guo)相(xiang)關策(ce)略對(dui)電池系統進行保護和(he)控(kong)制，同時讓故(gu)障燈點亮(liang)以便(bian)提醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了(le)通信功(gong)能(neng)外(wai)，BMS還(huan)能(neng)起到故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)診斷的功(gong)能(neng)。BMS會根據電(dian)芯參數和電(dian)池系(xi)統功(gong)能(neng)制定相應的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)閾值表，BMS通過故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)閾值表對電(dian)池系(xi)統進(jin)行保護并上(shang)報故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)類(lei)型，方便后期的故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)排查以及檢修維護。