一、電池管理系統為什么要進行均衡管理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)甚至(zhi)是整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的核(he)心電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)部件,對提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的安全性,延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命,提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的有(you)效(xiao)儲能,估(gu)算電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量具有(you)重(zhong)要意(yi)義。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)系(xi)統一般(ban)要求均衡管(guan)(guan)理(li),這是為什么呢?
其實,電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)(li)系統(tong)之所以需要進行均衡管理(li)(li),是因為(wei)(wei)BMS是遵循短(duan)板效應的,因為(wei)(wei)某一節電(dian)芯的電(dian)壓比(bi)較低會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)SOX的估算直接(jie)不準,明(ming)明(ming)其他電(dian)芯還有(you)電(dian),但(dan)是確有(you)勁無處(chu)使,對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)包的影響還是非常大的。
動力電池在(zai)制作(zuo)過(guo)程中,各個電池內(nei)部存在(zai)不一致性,在(zai)使用過(guo)程中很(hen)容易(yi)造成電池的過(guo)快損耗,所(suo)以在(zai)電池的內(nei)部需要(yao)均衡管(guan)理系統。
二、電池管理系統均衡管理方法有哪些
電池管理系統均衡(heng)管理(li)方(fang)法主(zhu)要(yao)有被動均衡(heng)和主(zhu)動均衡(heng)兩種:
1、被動均衡
一(yi)般(ban)采用旁(pang)路放電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)實現對高能量的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)其(qi)跟模塊中具有(you)最小電(dian)(dian)(dian)量的單(dan)(dan)體保持一(yi)致(zhi),該方案結構(gou)簡單(dan)(dan),容易實現,但(dan)由于每個單(dan)(dan)體并(bing)聯一(yi)個放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),從(cong)而(er)損耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能并(bing)產生熱量,給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統熱管理提(ti)出了更高的要求。
2、主動均衡
通過儲(chu)能原件(jian)實現不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng)電池(chi)(chi)間的(de)能量轉移。該(gai)類方案普遍結構復雜,硬件(jian)成本高,對系統的(de)可靠性設計也(ye)提出了較高的(de)要求;但其能量利用率較高,是目前電池(chi)(chi)單體均(jun)衡(heng)研究的(de)一個熱(re)點。