一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能源汽車發展越(yue)來越(yue)快，但人們對于動力電池(chi)的(de)安(an)全性(xing)一直非常在意，誰都不希望(wang)自己花(hua)錢買來的(de)電動汽車存在極大的(de)安(an)全風(feng)險，電池(chi)保(bao)護系統就是為(wei)了保(bao)護電池(chi)而設計的(de)，俗稱電池(chi)保(bao)姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的保護，主(zhu)要(yao)是通過下面兩(liang)種方式實現的：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系(xi)統實時監控每個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)單元的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)度，通過精確的(de)(de)數據監測來確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)在設(she)計的(de)(de)安(an)全參數范圍內。當任(ren)何關鍵指(zhi)標達到或(huo)超過預(yu)設(she)閾值時，BMS會立即采取應對(dui)措施，例如切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率，從而(er)避(bi)免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過熱、過充或(huo)過放，預(yu)防可能導致的(de)(de)損壞甚至安(an)全事故。

2、BMS電(dian)池管理系(xi)(xi)統具備強大的故(gu)障檢測(ce)和診斷功能，它可(ke)以即時識別(bie)出電(dian)池系(xi)(xi)統中的異常行(xing)為，如電(dian)壓(ya)不穩、電(dian)流異常或是溫度突變等，并向(xiang)駕(jia)駛員或維修(xiu)人員發送警報(bao)，這些及時的反饋可(ke)以幫助迅速解(jie)決潛在的問題，從而保障用(yong)戶的行(xing)車安全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池(chi)保姆對電(dian)池(chi)的保護(hu)是它的主要功(gong)能之一(yi)(yi)，一(yi)(yi)般電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統主要有(you)四大(da)保護(hu)功(gong)能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)充保護是(shi)(shi)指鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)升高(gao)到(dao)超出合理范圍(wei)后(hou)，會帶來(lai)不確定的(de)危險。而電(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統的(de)過(guo)充保護功能就是(shi)(shi)實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)池組的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)充電(dian)(dian)到(dao)安全(quan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)范圍(wei)頂(ding)點時(shi)，就切斷電(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)繼續升高(gao)，從而起到(dao)保護作用。

新能源汽車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)會實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的每串電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只要有其中(zhong)一串電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達(da)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)保護(hu)值（三元的過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認(ren)為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰的過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默認(ren)為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統(tong)就會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都(dou)停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護是(shi)指鋰電(dian)池在放(fang)電(dian)的過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)壓(ya)的下(xia)降(jiang)，如(ru)果把電(dian)全部放(fang)完耗(hao)盡(jin)，鋰電(dian)池內部的化學(xue)材料就(jiu)(jiu)會失去活性，導(dao)致充不進電(dian)或容量下(xia)降(jiang)。而電(dian)池管理系統(tong)的過(guo)放(fang)保(bao)護功能就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)實時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)池組的電(dian)壓(ya)，當(dang)放(fang)電(dian)到電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)最(zui)低(di)點時(shi)，就(jiu)(jiu)切斷電(dian)源，防止電(dian)壓(ya)的繼續下(xia)降(jiang)，從而起到保(bao)護作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統會(hui)實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)每(mei)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，只(zhi)要有其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到達過放(fang)保護值（三(san)元(yuan)的(de)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的(de)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統就會(hui)切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，整組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在給負載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的(de)(de)變化(hua)而變化(hua)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很大時，容易燒壞(huai)保(bao)護(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)功能就是充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超過(guo)(guo)安(an)全范圍內時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)經過(guo)(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或設備，從而起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)池組電(dian)流，只要到達了(le)設定(ding)的過流保護值(zhi)，電(dian)池管理系(xi)統就會切斷(duan)電(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)池都停止充(chong)放電(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電池管理(li)系統的硬件保(bao)護(hu)板的溫(wen)(wen)控探頭是焊接到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)板內(nei)部主板的，不可拔插(cha)。溫(wen)(wen)控探頭能實時監測電池組或工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)環境的溫(wen)(wen)度變化，當監測到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度超(chao)出設定的值（硬件的溫(wen)(wen)控保(bao)護(hu)默認(ren)：充電-20~55℃，放電-40~75℃，可根據客戶的要求更(geng)改，客戶不能自行設置(zhi)）時，斷開電池組的充放電，當溫(wen)(wen)度恢復(fu)指(zhi)合理(li)范圍后，才可繼續充放電，起(qi)到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)(zuo)用。