一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽車(che)發展越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)快(kuai)，但人們對(dui)于動力電(dian)池(chi)的安全性一(yi)直(zhi)非常在意，誰都不希望自己花錢買來(lai)的電(dian)動汽車(che)存在極大的安全風險，電(dian)池(chi)保護系統就是為了保護電(dian)池(chi)而(er)設計的，俗(su)稱電(dian)池(chi)保姆。

電池管理系統對于電(dian)池(chi)的保護，主要(yao)是通過下面兩(liang)種(zhong)方式實現的：

1、電(dian)池(chi)管理系統實時監控每個(ge)電(dian)池(chi)單(dan)元的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫度，通過(guo)(guo)精確的(de)數(shu)據監測來確保電(dian)池(chi)工(gong)作在(zai)設(she)計的(de)安全參(can)數(shu)范圍內(nei)。當(dang)任何(he)關鍵指標達(da)到或(huo)超過(guo)(guo)預設(she)閾值時，BMS會立即(ji)采取應對(dui)措施，例(li)如切斷(duan)電(dian)源或(huo)降低電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)速(su)率，從而(er)避免電(dian)池(chi)過(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)充或(huo)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)，預防(fang)可(ke)能導致的(de)損壞甚至安全事故。

2、BMS電(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)備強大的(de)故障檢測和診斷功能(neng)，它可以即時識別(bie)出電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統(tong)中的(de)異常行為，如電(dian)(dian)壓不穩、電(dian)(dian)流異常或(huo)是溫(wen)度突變等，并(bing)向駕駛員或(huo)維修人(ren)員發送(song)警報，這(zhe)些及時的(de)反饋可以幫助迅速解決(jue)潛在的(de)問(wen)題，從而保障用戶的(de)行車安全。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池(chi)保姆(mu)對電(dian)池(chi)的保護是它(ta)的主要功(gong)能之一，一般電(dian)池(chi)管理系統主要有四大保護功(gong)能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)充保(bao)護(hu)(hu)是(shi)指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的升(sheng)高(gao)到超出合理范(fan)圍后，會(hui)帶來不(bu)確定的危險。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的過(guo)充保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)就是(shi)實時(shi)監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當充電(dian)(dian)(dian)到安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍頂點時(shi)，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的繼續升(sheng)高(gao)，從而起到保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)每(mei)串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，只(zhi)要有其中(zhong)一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)到達過充(chong)保護(hu)值(zhi)（三元的(de)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰的(de)過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)默(mo)認為3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統就(jiu)會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放(fang)保護(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)下降(jiang)(jiang)，如果(guo)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)部放(fang)完耗盡，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的(de)化(hua)學(xue)材料就(jiu)會失去活性，導致(zhi)充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下降(jiang)(jiang)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統的(de)過(guo)放(fang)保護(hu)功能就(jiu)是實時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最低點(dian)時(shi)，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防(fang)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)繼(ji)續下降(jiang)(jiang)，從而起到保護(hu)作用。

新(xin)能(neng)源汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統會實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)每串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，只(zhi)要有其(qi)中一串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)到(dao)達(da)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)保護值（三(san)元(yuan)的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰(li)的(de)過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)默認(ren)為2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統就(jiu)會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都停止(zhi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰(li)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)在給負載供電(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)流會隨(sui)著電(dian)壓(ya)和功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化而變(bian)化，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)流很大時(shi)，容易燒壞保護(hu)板、電(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備。而電(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)流保護(hu)功(gong)能就(jiu)是充放電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中實時(shi)監測電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)流超過(guo)安全范(fan)圍內時(shi)，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)經過(guo)，防止(zhi)電(dian)流過(guo)大損壞電(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備，從(cong)而起到(dao)保護(hu)作(zuo)用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電池組電流，只要到達了設定的(de)過流保護值，電池管理系統(tong)就(jiu)會切(qie)斷電源，整組鋰電池都(dou)停止充放電。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)池管理(li)系統的硬(ying)件保護板(ban)(ban)的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控探頭(tou)是(shi)焊接到(dao)(dao)保護板(ban)(ban)內部主板(ban)(ban)的，不可拔(ba)插。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控探頭(tou)能(neng)實時(shi)監測電(dian)池組(zu)或工作環境的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度變化，當監測到(dao)(dao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度超出設定(ding)的值(zhi)（硬(ying)件的溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控保護默認：充電(dian)-20~55℃，放(fang)電(dian)-40~75℃，可根據(ju)客戶(hu)(hu)的要求更改(gai)，客戶(hu)(hu)不能(neng)自(zi)行設置(zhi)）時(shi)，斷(duan)開電(dian)池組(zu)的充放(fang)電(dian)，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度恢復指(zhi)合(he)理(li)范圍后，才可繼續充放(fang)電(dian)，起到(dao)(dao)保護作用。