一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新能源汽車發展越來越快(kuai)，但人們對(dui)于動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池的(de)安全性一直非常在意(yi)，誰都不希(xi)望(wang)自己花錢買來的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車存(cun)在極(ji)大的(de)安全風險，電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)護(hu)系統就是為了保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)池而設計的(de)，俗稱電(dian)(dian)池保(bao)姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的保護(hu)，主要(yao)是通過下面(mian)兩種方式實現(xian)的：

1、電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統實(shi)時監控每個電(dian)池(chi)單元的(de)電(dian)壓、電(dian)流和溫度，通過精確(que)的(de)數(shu)據監測來(lai)確(que)保(bao)電(dian)池(chi)工作在(zai)設(she)計的(de)安全(quan)參(can)數(shu)范圍內。當任何關鍵指標達到或(huo)超(chao)過預設(she)閾值時，BMS會立即采(cai)取應(ying)對措施，例(li)如(ru)切斷電(dian)源或(huo)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充電(dian)和放電(dian)速率，從而避免電(dian)池(chi)過熱、過充或(huo)過放，預防(fang)可能導(dao)致(zhi)的(de)損壞(huai)甚至安全(quan)事故。

2、BMS電池(chi)管理系統具備強大的(de)(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)檢測和(he)診斷(duan)功能，它可(ke)(ke)以即時識別出電池(chi)系統中的(de)(de)異常行為，如(ru)電壓(ya)不穩、電流異常或(huo)是(shi)溫度突變等(deng)，并向駕駛員或(huo)維修人員發(fa)送警報(bao)，這些(xie)及時的(de)(de)反饋可(ke)(ke)以幫(bang)助迅速解(jie)決潛在的(de)(de)問題，從而保障(zhang)(zhang)用戶(hu)的(de)(de)行車(che)安全(quan)。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)(dian)池保姆對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保護是它的(de)主要功(gong)(gong)能之一，一般電(dian)(dian)池管理系統主要有(you)四大保護功(gong)(gong)能：

1、過充保護

過(guo)(guo)充保(bao)護是指(zhi)鋰電(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充電(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，隨著電(dian)壓的(de)(de)升高(gao)到超出(chu)合理范圍后，會帶來不確定的(de)(de)危(wei)險(xian)。而電(dian)池(chi)管(guan)理系統(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充保(bao)護功(gong)能就(jiu)是實時監測電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，當充電(dian)到安全電(dian)壓范圍頂點時，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)源，防止電(dian)壓的(de)(de)繼續升高(gao)，從而起到保(bao)護作用(yong)。

新能源汽車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組的每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，只(zhi)要有(you)其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到(dao)達過(guo)充保護(hu)值（三元的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認(ren)為(wei)(wei)4.25V±0.05V，鐵(tie)鋰的過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認(ren)為(wei)(wei)3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)停止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

2、過放保護

過放(fang)保護是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)下降，如果把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全部放(fang)完耗盡，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部的(de)化學(xue)材料就(jiu)會失去活性，導致充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下降。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系統的(de)過放(fang)保護功能(neng)就(jiu)是實時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，當放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)最低點時，就(jiu)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)繼(ji)續下降，從而起到(dao)保護作用。

新能源(yuan)汽車放(fang)(fang)電(dian)時，電(dian)池(chi)管理系統會實時監測電(dian)池(chi)組的每串(chuan)電(dian)壓，只(zhi)要有其中一串(chuan)電(dian)壓到達過放(fang)(fang)保護值（三元的過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)壓默(mo)認為2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的過放(fang)(fang)電(dian)壓默(mo)認為2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)池(chi)管理系統就會切斷電(dian)源(yuan)，整(zheng)組鋰電(dian)池(chi)都停止放(fang)(fang)電(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)給負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的(de)(de)變化而(er)變化，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大時(shi)，容易燒壞保護(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系(xi)統的(de)(de)過(guo)流(liu)保護(hu)功能(neng)就是(shi)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中實時(shi)監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)過(guo)安全范圍內(nei)時(shi)，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)經(jing)過(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大損壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或設備，從而(er)起到保護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實(shi)時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只要到達(da)了設定的(de)過流(liu)保護值(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)池管理系統就會切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)源，整(zheng)組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池都停(ting)止充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理(li)系統的(de)硬(ying)件保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的(de)溫(wen)(wen)控探頭是焊接到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)板內部主板的(de)，不可(ke)拔插。溫(wen)(wen)控探頭能實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組或(huo)工作環境的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度變化，當(dang)監(jian)測到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度超出設定的(de)值（硬(ying)件的(de)溫(wen)(wen)控保(bao)護(hu)(hu)默(mo)認：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)-20~55℃，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客戶的(de)要求(qiu)更(geng)改，客戶不能自行設置）時，斷開電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度恢(hui)復(fu)指合(he)理(li)范圍后，才(cai)可(ke)繼續(xu)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，起到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)作用(yong)。