燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)汽車(che)(FCV)是一種用車(che)載燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)作為(wei)動(dong)力(li)的汽車(che)。車(che)載燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)所(suo)(suo)使(shi)用的燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)高純(chun)度氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)或含氫(qing)(qing)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)經(jing)重(zhong)整所(suo)(suo)得到的高含氫(qing)(qing)重(zhong)整氣(qi)。與(yu)通常的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)比較(jiao)，其動(dong)力(li)方面的不(bu)同在于FCV用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)來自(zi)車(che)載燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)所(suo)(suo)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)來自(zi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。因此，FCV的關鍵(jian)是燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)一種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)燃(ran)燒燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)而直接以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應方式將(jiang)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學能轉變為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)理是(shi):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))輸入氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(燃(ran)料(liao)(liao))，氫(qing)(qing)分(fen)子(zi)(H2)在(zai)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑作(zuo)用下(xia)被離解(jie)成為氫(qing)(qing)離子(zi)(H+)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(e-)，H+穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)層向(xiang)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))方向(xiang)運動(dong)，e-因通不(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)層而由一個外(wai)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji);在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輸入氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(O2)，氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)在(zai)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)催化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑作(zuo)用下(xia)離解(jie)成為氧(yang)(yang)原(yuan)子(zi)(O)，與(yu)(yu)通過(guo)(guo)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)流(liu)(liu)向(xiang)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)e-和燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)穿(chuan)過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)H+結合生成穩定結構的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(H2O)，完(wan)(wan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應放出熱量。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應與(yu)(yu)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)在(zai)氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)中發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)劇(ju)烈燃(ran)燒反應是(shi)完(wan)(wan)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)，只要陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)輸入氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)，陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)輸入氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)連續不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地(di)進行下(xia)去(qu)，e-就(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)通過(guo)(guo)外(wai)部(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，從而連續不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)地(di)向(xiang)汽車提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)。與(yu)(yu)傳統的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體切(qie)割(ge)磁力(li)線的(de)(de)(de)回轉機械發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理也完(wan)(wan)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)同，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學反應屬于一種(zhong)沒有物體運動(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)靜態(tai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。因而，燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池具有效(xiao)(xiao)率高、噪音(yin)低、無污染物排出等優點，這(zhe)(zhe)確保(bao)了(le)FCV成為真正意義上的(de)(de)(de)高效(xiao)(xiao)、清潔汽車。

為滿足汽車的(de)使用要(yao)求(qiu)，車用燃料(liao)電池(chi)還必須具(ju)有(you)高(gao)比能量(liang)、低(di)工作(zuo)溫度、起動快、無泄漏(lou)等特(te)性(xing)，在眾多類型的(de)燃料(liao)電池(chi)中，質子交換膜燃料(liao)電池(chi)(PEMFC)完全具(ju)備這些特(te)性(xing)，所以FCV所使用的(de)燃料(liao)電池(chi)都是(shi)PEMFC。