夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)(bu)制作工(gong)藝為江西省非物質文化遺產(chan),夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)用(yong)麻以純(chun)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)紡織(zhi)而成的一種(zhong)(zhong)平紋(wen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)。上饒信(xin)(xin)州等地盛(sheng)產(chan)苧(zhu)麻,數千年前古越先(xian)民(min)便在這里從事苧(zhu)麻的耕(geng)種(zhong)(zhong)并用(yong)于手(shou)(shou)工(gong)織(zhi)布(bu)(bu)(bu),延續到清末,信(xin)(xin)州夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)(bu)逐漸形成氣候。信(xin)(xin)州沙(sha)溪鎮(zhen)素有“苧(zhu)麻之鄉”的稱(cheng)譽,夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)(bu)一直是(shi)其支柱產(chan)業。該(gai)地百分之八十的農(nong)民(min)擅長種(zhong)(zhong)麻織(zhi)布(bu)(bu)(bu),信(xin)(xin)州夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)(bu)遠銷韓、日(ri)、美、英(ying)等20多個國家和(he)地區。
信州沙(sha)溪的夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)制(zhi)作(zuo)由(you)種(zhong)(zhong)麻、浸麻、剝麻、漂洗、績麻、成(cheng)(cheng)線、絞團、梳麻、上(shang)槳、紡織等12道手工(gong)工(gong)序組成(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)苧麻原料(liao)的品質(zhi)、質(zhi)量的不(bu)同制(zhi)作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)檔次的夏(xia)布(bu)(bu),其品種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)經緯(wei)線可分為平(ping)布(bu)(bu)、羅紋布(bu)(bu),以(yi)麻線粗細楞分為粗布(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)莊布(bu)(bu)和細布(bu)(bu)。精漂的細布(bu)(bu),色澤雪白(bai),細嫩輕軟,被譽為“麻綢”。
夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)產可(ke)以(yi)遠溯到我國古代的(de)(de)戰國時(shi)期(qi),《詩經》云:“東門之(zhi)地,可(ke)以(yi)漚苧”,可(ke)見(jian)歷史之(zhi)悠久(jiu)。如今(jin),當地的(de)(de)夏(xia)布(bu)(bu)主要(yao)以(yi)公司加家(jia)庭的(de)(de)模(mo)式生(sheng)(sheng)產,家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)戶(hu)的(de)(de)男女(nv)老少使用傳統(tong)織布(bu)(bu)機(ji)共同織麻的(de)(de)景象已成為信州沙溪一道獨特的(de)(de)風景線。