定安鵝因產(chan)自海(hai)南省定安縣,以一年四(si)季都能產(chan)蛋(dan)、自孵而得名。定安四(si)季鵝適應性好(hao)、抗病力強、體型大、增重快,覓(mi)食力強,消化率高,能充分利用野草(cao)、秸稈、遺落(luo)稻(dao)穗,甚至深埋(mai)污(wu)泥中的草(cao)根、塊莖等,飼養(yang)耗糧少,成(cheng)本低(di),年產(chan)蛋(dan)量高,肉質好(hao),深受百姓歡迎,是定安農(nong)家的當(dang)家家禽品(pin)種。
定安鵝的特點是體型(xing)中等,外(wai)貌清秀,體態(tai)呈橢圓(yuan)形(xing)。喙(hui)長。虹彩黃褐色。頸較細長,稍呈弓形(xing),后軀發達。產蛋期腹(fu)下(xia)單褶(zhe)或雙(shuang)褶(zhe),垂皮明顯。通常鵝群分(fen)兩大類型(xing):羽(yu)毛全白(bai),喙(hui)橘黃色,跖、蹼、趾橙黃色頸羽(yu)、翼羽(yu)、尾羽(yu)灰褐色,腹(fu)下(xia)乳白(bai)色。
1、生長速度與產肉性(xing)能
平(ping)(ping)(ping)均體重:初(chu)生(sheng)95克(ke);30日齡(ling)1110克(ke);60日齡(ling)2750克(ke);90日齡(ling)3830克(ke);120日齡(ling)4060克(ke);成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)(e)分別為5240克(ke)、4410克(ke)。仔(zi)鵝(e)(e),35日齡(ling)時開始(shi)長粗毛,45日齡(ling)時腹、翼、尾部長出粗羽,60日齡(ling)時長主(zhu)翼羽,75~80日齡(ling)長齊翅羽。90日齡(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均半凈(jing)膛屠宰率(lv)81.94%,母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)(e)83.48%;90日齡(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均全凈(jing)膛屠宰率(lv)74.09%,母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)(e)76.58%。成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均半凈(jing)膛屠宰率(lv)86.16%,母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)(e)87.46%;成年公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鵝(e)(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均全凈(jing)膛屠宰率(lv)79.69%,母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)(e)79.11%。
2、產蛋性能(neng)與繁(fan)殖性能(neng)
母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)開(kai)產日齡(ling)185天(tian)(最早的為162天(tian))。每年從9~10月產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)開(kai)始至(zhi)翌年3~4月結束,年產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)2~4窩,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)年產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)37枚,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)重(zhong)160克。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)厚度0.42毫米,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)形指數1.38。蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)殼(ke)乳白色(se)。公(gong)鵝(e)性(xing)(xing)成熟期(qi)140~160天(tian),適宜配種年齡(ling)在200天(tian)以(yi)上(shang)。公(gong)母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)配種比例1:(4~5)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)種蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)受(shou)精率84.2%,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)受(shou)精蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)孵(fu)化率94.4%。母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)就巢性(xing)(xing)強,有(you)97%的母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)有(you)就巢性(xing)(xing),年就巢2~3次。公(gong)鵝(e)利用年限4~6年,母(mu)(mu)(mu)鵝(e)6~8年。