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內容

此次被(bei)(bei)列為國保的(de)(de)湖(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)早(zao)期建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群共(gong)有9棟，分別是：二院(yuan)（今(jin)物理學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)實驗樓(lou)）、科學(xue)(xue)館(guan)(guan)（今(jin)校(xiao)辦公樓(lou)）、工(gong)程(cheng)館(guan)(guan)（今(jin)教學(xue)(xue)北樓(lou)）、大(da)(da)(da)(da)禮堂、老圖(tu)書館(guan)(guan)、勝利齋教工(gong)宿(su)(su)舍、第一(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)宿(su)(su)舍（今(jin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)處辦公樓(lou)）、第七學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)宿(su)(su)舍（今(jin)離退(tui)休(xiu)處辦公樓(lou)）、老九舍。這9棟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)分別體現了上世紀20年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)至50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)歷史(shi)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術風格，有20、30年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)西洋古典(dian)主義和折衷主義風格的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)（二院(yuan)、科學(xue)(xue)館(guan)(guan)）；有40年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)早(zao)期現代(dai)(dai)主義風格的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)（工(gong)程(cheng)館(guan)(guan)、勝利齋、一(yi)(yi)舍、七舍、老九舍）；還有50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)民族形式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)（大(da)(da)(da)(da)禮堂、老圖(tu)書館(guan)(guan)）。其他被(bei)(bei)列為國寶的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群大(da)(da)(da)(da)多是同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)，統一(yi)(yi)風格的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，而像湖(hu)南大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)這樣(yang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)期不(bu)同(tong)(tong)風格的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群較(jiao)為少見(jian)。湖(hu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格正好與中國近現代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格的(de)(de)發(fa)展演(yan)變(bian)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)，是中國近現代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史(shi)的(de)(de)縮(suo)影，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)也清晰地體現了從古代(dai)(dai)書院(yuan)走向現代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)，猶為寶貴。

歷史淵源

保(bao)存下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)大(da)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群大(da)多數出(chu)自(zi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)位著名建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家——柳士(shi)英、劉敦(dun)楨(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)手，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)位都是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)人物。柳士(shi)英是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育人，他(ta)(ta)創辦(ban)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業——蘇(su)州(zhou)工(gong)專(zhuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)科(ke)(ke)。他(ta)(ta)還在(zai)(zai)那個全部由洋人壟斷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代創辦(ban)了(le)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事務所——上海華海建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事務所。這兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)項(xiang)創舉足以奠定(ding)他(ta)(ta)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)近代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高地位。柳士(shi)英先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)1934年(nian)(nian)應邀來湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)任(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，先(xian)后擔任(ren)(ren)土木(mu)系教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)、系主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)土建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院院長(chang)、湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)副校(xiao)長(chang)。此次獲批國(guo)(guo)寶的(de)(de)(de)(de)9棟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)大(da)禮堂、老圖(tu)書館(guan)、工(gong)程館(guan)、勝利齋、一(yi)(yi)舍、七(qi)舍、老九舍等7棟是(shi)(shi)柳士(shi)英先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品。劉敦(dun)楨(zhen)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)早年(nian)(nian)考(kao)取官費留(liu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)日本(ben)，是(shi)(shi)柳士(shi)英的(de)(de)(de)(de)師弟(di)。1926年(nian)(nian)受聘于(yu)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)土木(mu)系任(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)（劉敦(dun)楨(zhen)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)人），1929年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)土木(mu)系內(nei)創辦(ban)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組，這是(shi)(shi)湖(hu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)開端，也是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)早創辦(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾個建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)業之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。1930年(nian)(nian)應邀北(bei)上與梁思成(cheng)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)共同(tong)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術研(yan)究團(tuan)體——中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)營(ying)造學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)社。梁思成(cheng)任(ren)(ren)法式部主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)，劉敦(dun)楨(zhen)任(ren)(ren)文獻(xian)部主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)，成(cheng)為(wei)早研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)位重要(yao)(yao)人物之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，被(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)界稱為(wei)“北(bei)梁南(nan)(nan)(nan)劉”。歷任(ren)(ren)南(nan)(nan)(nan)京中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京工(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)院學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)部委員（相當于(yu)院士(shi)）。因為(wei)劉敦(dun)楨(zhen)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)從(cong)事研(yan)究和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，較少做(zuo)設(she)計，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)品不(bu)多。他(ta)(ta)1926年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)湖(hu)大(da)任(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)時(shi)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)二院，成(cheng)為(wei)他(ta)(ta)存世不(bu)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)早年(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)品之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，非(fei)常寶貴。另外(wai)還有(you)一(yi)(yi)位重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)師，也是(shi)(shi)時(shi)任(ren)(ren)湖(hu)大(da)土木(mu)系教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)授(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔡(cai)澤奉先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。他(ta)(ta)設(she)計了(le)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)(shi)1938年(nian)(nian)被(bei)日軍飛機炸毀的(de)(de)(de)(de)老圖(tu)書館(guan)（今天矗立在(zai)(zai)牌樓口作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)湖(hu)大(da)入(ru)口標(biao)志的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)根石柱就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)那座(zuo)(zuo)圖(tu)書館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺物）；另一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)館(guan)（今校(xiao)辦(ban)公樓）。惜(xi)蔡(cai)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)英年(nian)(nian)早逝(shi)，他(ta)(ta)設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)館(guan)尚未(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)，自(zi)己(ji)都沒有(you)看到，四十多歲就(jiu)去世了(le)。我們今天關于(yu)他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資料知之(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)少，唯有(you)遙寄(ji)一(yi)(yi)份悼念之(zhi)(zhi)情而(er)已。