始建于(yu)明(ming)成化十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1478年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),嘉(jia)靖(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1522 ~1566年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))間長沙(sha)太(tai)守孫復(fu)與道(dao)士李(li)可經主持加(jia)修(xiu)(xiu)。隆慶六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1572年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))張殿元(yuan)(yuan)再修(xiu)(xiu)。時有關帝殿、玄武祖師殿、三清(qing)殿三進,明(ming)末毀(hui)(hui)于(yu)戰火。崇禎十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1642年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重修(xiu)(xiu)祖師殿。清(qing)康熙四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1665年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、嘉(jia)慶八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1803年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))兩(liang)次續(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)。道(dao)光十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1833年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡撫吳榮光、布政使惠豐重修(xiu)(xiu)前殿。咸豐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1852年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))毀(hui)(hui)于(yu)兵(bing)亂。
清同治二年(1863),按原格局再加以修葺,并在殿(dian)前后左右(you)建(jian)五岳殿(dian)、天妃殿(dian),又增建(jian)宮門。
進士吳(wu)獬游此時(shi)為宮(gong)門題寫"對云(yun)絕頂猶為麓(lu),求道(dao)安心即是宮(gong)"一聯(lian),聯(lian)內隱(yin)"云(yun)麓(lu)道(dao)宮(gong)"四字,傳為佳作。抗日戰爭期(qi)間,云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)殿(dian)堂(tang)、神(shen)像、碑刻遭到嚴(yan)重破壞(huai)。1946年,道(dao)人鄔云(yun)開、吳(wu)明海等(deng)籌(chou)款修復。于望湘亭中增(zeng)置純陽真人(呂洞賓(bin))浮(fu)雕石(shi)像,并(bing)刻真人所著《百字銘》。亭壁掛(gua)清(qing)人黃(huang)道(dao)讓"西南云(yun)氣來衡岳,日夜江(jiang)聲下(xia)洞庭"木(mu)刻楹聯(lian)。"文化大革(ge)命"期(qi)間,云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)遭到嚴(yan)重破壞(huai)。現存道(dao)宮(gong)房屋600平方米,部分(fen)建筑由長沙(sha)市宗教部門管(guan)理。長沙(sha)市道(dao)教協會設(she)此。云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)地處岳麓(lu)山巔,四周古木(mu)參天,景色宜人,是游人品茶、談聯(lian)、觀景、歇憩之地。
云(yun)麓(lu)宮是一道觀,位于(yu)湖南省(sheng)長沙市岳麓(lu)山的云(yun)麓(lu)峰頂(ding),為道教七十二福地(di)之一,建于(yu)明代。1944年被日機炸毀(hui),1957年重建。游人到(dao)這里可領略“直上云(yun)麓(lu)三千丈,來(lai)看長沙百萬(wan)家”的壯闊(kuo)景色(se),登(deng)上云(yun)麓(lu)宮里的望(wang)湘樓,可以(yi)看到(dao)“湘江(jiang)北去,桔子洲頭”的景象。
云麓宮最早建(jian)于1478年(明憲宗成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)四年),吉簡王朱見浚就藩于長(chang)沙時(shi),建(jian)筑取宮殿形制,但舊宮早已(yi)廢記。嘉靖(1522-1566)年間(jian)太守(shou)孫復命道士李可經主(zhu)持修(xiu)葺,并(bing)增植松、柏、桐、梓(zi)及篁竹(zhu)千株,使觀(guan)宇周圍風景煥然一新。隆慶(1567-1572)年間(jian),又有道士金守(shou)分(fen)在這(zhe)里修(xiu)煉,由(you)(you)他募捐拓地(di),增建(jian)堂(tang)殿,改名(ming)云麓宮,筑屋五間(jian),鑿(zao)石(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)柱,覆以鐵瓦,以抗風雪。宮的(de)前(qian)殿為(wei)(wei)(wei)關圣(sheng)殿,中(zhong)殿祀(si)玄帝,名(ming)玄武祖師(shi)殿,后(hou)殿祀(si)“三清(qing)(qing)”。道教以玉(yu)清(qing)(qing)元始天尊、上(shang)清(qing)(qing)靈寶天尊、太清(qing)(qing)道德天尊(太上(shang)老(lao)君)為(wei)(wei)(wei)最高尊神,合(he)體三清(qing)(qing),故名(ming)三清(qing)(qing)殿。云麓宮由(you)(you)此成為(wei)(wei)(wei)道教勝地(di)。道家(jia)崇尚(shang)自森,倡行(xing)“無為(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)治”,總(zong)是(shi)選擇清(qing)(qing)靜優美之處建(jian)立宮觀(guan),修(xiu)身養性,采藥(yao)煉丹,以求(qiu)得道成仙(xian)(xian),并(bing)將這(zhe)些地(di)方視作神仙(xian)(xian)的(de)居(ju)所,由(you)(you)此形成了著名(ming)的(de)十(shi)(shi)大洞天、三十(shi)(shi)六小洞天和七十(shi)(shi)二福(fu)(fu)地(di)。而(er)四周峰巒(luan)聳峙、石(shi)骨盤迂、樹竹(zhu)青翠的(de)云麓宮就是(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)第二十(shi)(shi)三福(fu)(fu)地(di)——“洞真虛(xu)福(fu)(fu)地(di)”。
清康熙(1662-1722)初年,長沙分巡道張重(zhong)新修葺了云麓宮,以后續有增建。
1862年(同治元年)于(yu)門(men)前筑一小亭,亭外又增五岳(yue)(yue)、天妃二殿。以前宮(gong)(gong)門(men)有(you)(you)一副對聯(lian):“古剎出層宵,看岳(yue)(yue)色平分(fen),江流環繞;名(ming)山多(duo)勝跡,有(you)(you)少陵寫(xie)句(ju),北海題(ti)碑。”對聯(lian)的(de)上聯(lian)寫(xie)了云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)的(de)宏偉(wei),似乎超出云(yun)霄之(zhi)上,在此(ci)可以近看岳(yue)(yue)麓山色,遠眺湘江環流;下聯(lian)描述云(yun)麓宮(gong)(gong)所在的(de)岳(yue)(yue)麓山有(you)(you)許多(duo)歷(li)史(shi)勝跡,杜甫(fu)在這里留下了詩句(ju),李邕(yong)題(ti)撰了著名(ming)碑刻。
在云(yun)麓(lu)宮內有望湘(xiang)(xiang)亭(ting),亭(ting)在拜岳(yue)石上,是清道光(1821-1850)年間(jian)修建的。憑欄遠望,湘(xiang)(xiang)江與長(chang)沙城區盡收眼底,可以領略“直登云(yun)麓(lu)三干丈,來看長(chang)沙百萬家”的壯闊(kuo)景(jing)色。云(yun)麓(lu)宮內楹聯很(hen)多,都出自(zi)名家手筆(bi)。其中清人黃道讓所題“西南云(yun)氣來衡岳(yue),日夜江聲下(xia)洞庭”抓住(zhu)了云(yun)麓(lu)宮壯闊(kuo)的特色,氣魄宏偉,對仗工整(zheng),字跡道勁,素為游人喜愛和吟誦(song)。
云麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)具有的美(mei)景勝跡,吸引了無數文人墨客來此游玩題(ti)詠,可(ke)惜大多因年代(dai)(dai)久遠,歷經戰亂(luan)而已無法見到。古(gu)代(dai)(dai)詩詞中,現今尚能見到的有明末清初長沙人廖元(yuan)度的《宿云麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)》,詩云:“林(lin)深宵空重,一(yi)梳對燈青。月色(se)如秋瘦,蟲聲(sheng)觸夢醒”。抒發了作(zuo)者在朝(chao)代(dai)(dai)更(geng)迭的亂(luan)世,無家可(ke)歸(gui)寄居廟觀,夜(ye)晚(wan)寂寞獨對孤燈,痛(tong)惜國亡家破的情(qing)感。清代(dai)(dai)還有一(yi)首(shou)由(you)岳麓(lu)書院(yuan)肄業(ye)生、溆浦人嚴正基所撰的《夜(ye)登(deng)云麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)》:“云麓(lu)峰巔足眠,征衫擾(rao)帶五溪(xi)煙。當(dang)頭(tou)華月三千里,彈指(zhi)東風念四年。螟色(se)暗投游屐(ji)外,松濤請到杵鐘邊。故園計買青山宅,便與人間作(zuo)散仙。”
詩(shi)中(zhong)除(chu)描寫了(le)云(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮所在山(shan)峰的(de)險峻、視野(ye)的(de)遼闊和月光、松濤等自然景色外,還聯系到云(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮是(shi)道教名觀,表達了(le)詩(shi)人想(xiang)在此買宅居住,以作人間神(shen)仙的(de)愿望。這(zhe)也是(shi)眾多游人到云(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮后都會產生(sheng)的(de)聯想(xiang)。
著名(ming)道(dao)(dao)(dao)觀。建(jian)于岳(yue)麓(lu)(lu)山(shan)頂的云麓(lu)(lu)峰,原(yuan)為(wei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)家二(er)十三洞(dong)(dong)真(zhen)虛(xu)福(fu)地(di)。明(ming)吉(ji)簡王倡道(dao)(dao)(dao),于明(ming)成化十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(147)就藩(fan)長(chang)沙(sha)時(shi)所(suo)建(jian)。明(ming)嘉(jia)靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(15221566),長(chang)沙(sha)太守孫(sun)復(fu),令道(dao)(dao)(dao)人李可(ke)(ke)(ke)經修葺(qi),增(zeng)植(zhi)松柏、桐(tong)梓、筱篁千(qian)株。隆慶(qing)間,道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)金(jin)守分在此禁足修煉,“冶鐵為(wei)瓦,鑿石為(wei)柱”,募建(jian)宮殿(dian),前(qian)為(wei)關帝殿(dian),中為(wei)玄武祖(zu)師殿(dian),后(hou)為(wei)三清(qing)殿(dian),鐵瓦石柱,兩廂丹房,命名(ming)為(wei)“云麓(lu)(lu)宮”。康(kang)熙(xi)時(shi)重修,咸豐初毀于兵燹,同治(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1863)武當山(shan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)士(shi)向教輝(hui)重建(jian)并增(zeng)建(jian)五岳(yue)、天妃二(er)殿(dian)。宮內二(er)進為(wei)望湘亭,宮后(hou)有法華(hua)塔。1944年(nian)(nian)(nian)云麓(lu)(lu)宮大部毀于日(ri)寇轟(hong)炸(zha)。長(chang)沙(sha)解放后(hou),于1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)在原(yuan)址新建(jian)二(er)層(ceng)重檐歇(xie)山(shan)頂閣樓一(yi)(yi)座(zuo),名(ming)望湘閣。游人至(zhi)此,可(ke)(ke)(ke)領略“直上云麓(lu)(lu)三千(qian)丈,來(lai)(lai)看長(chang)沙(sha)百萬家”的壯闊景色。登閣憑欄遠眺(tiao),南可(ke)(ke)(ke)望衡山(shan),北可(ke)(ke)(ke)瞻(zhan)洞(dong)(dong)庭,俯可(ke)(ke)(ke)視“湘江(jiang)北去,橘(ju)子(zi)洲(zhou)頭”。宮內有清(qing)人黃道(dao)(dao)(dao)讓(rang):“西(xi)南云氣來(lai)(lai)衡岳(yue),日(ri)夜江(jiang)聲(sheng)下洞(dong)(dong)庭”楹聯。宮后(hou)坪中豎一(yi)(yi)石碑(bei),高2米,碑(bei)正面刻“麓(lu)(lu)峰鞏(gong)寺”,碑(bei)陰刻竣工記事。云麓(lu)(lu)宮前(qian)有拜岳(yue)石,又名(ming)飛(fei)來(lai)(lai)石,石方丈余,因其(qi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)瞻(zhan)望衡岳(yue)而拜,故名(ming)拜岳(yue)石。近(jin)處古(gu)樹(shu)杈中有鐘,鐘上銘文為(wei)明(ming)萬歷四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)造(zao),經風(feng)霜雨雪而無(wu)銹,道(dao)(dao)(dao)人作(zuo)息時(shi)鳴鐘,其(qi)聲(sheng)激越(yue)清(qing)揚,偶(ou)聽之(zhi)如同“歸來(lai)(lai)”之(zhi)音(yin),故又名(ming)“歸來(lai)(lai)鐘”。
云(yun)麓(lu)宮于明(ming)朝成化十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1478年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))吉簡王(wang)朱見浚(jun)就藩長沙(sha)所建(jian)。取武當山(shan)道(dao)(dao)觀的宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)筑形制,名(ming)曰洞(dong)真觀,舊(jiu)宮早(zao)已廢圮。明(ming)嘉靖(jing)(1522年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1566年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間太守孫復(fu)命道(dao)(dao)士李可經重修,并增(zeng)植松、柏(bo)、桐、梓及篁(huang)竹千株,使觀宇周圍風景煥然一新(xin)。隆(long)慶(1567年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1572年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間道(dao)(dao)士金守分(fen)在山(shan)禁足修道(dao)(dao),有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)元張陽和慕名(ming)拜訪,因敬金守分(fen)道(dao)(dao)人(ren)玄(xuan)機(ji)奧(ao)義,識度(du)弘(hong)深,乃(nai)協力倡(chang)修云(yun)麓(lu)宮。由(you)其募(mu)捐(juan)拓地,增(zeng)建(jian)堂殿(dian)(dian)(dian),改名(ming)云(yun)麓(lu)宮宮前(qian)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)關圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian),中殿(dian)(dian)(dian)祀(si)玄(xuan)帝,名(ming)玄(xuan)武祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian),后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)祀(si)“三清(qing)”。明(ming)末,云(yun)麓(lu)宮兩度(du)毀于兵(bing)燹(xian)。
清康熙(1662年(nian)(nian)(nian)-1722年(nian)(nian)(nian))初(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),長(chang)沙(sha)分巡道(dao)張睿修(xiu)葺(qi)云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)。乾隆年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1736年(nian)(nian)(nian)-1795年(nian)(nian)(nian))構殿五間(jian),其后為三清殿,冶鐵為瓦(wa),立石(shi)為柱。咸豐二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1852年(nian)(nian)(nian))毀于兵災。清道(dao)光(1821年(nian)(nian)(nian)-1850年(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)在云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)內建有望湘亭(ting),亭(ting)在拜岳(yue)石(shi)上供游(you)人憑欄(lan)遠眺湘江與(yu)長(chang)沙(sha)城。同治元年(nian)(nian)(nian)于門(men)前筑(zhu)一小亭(ting),亭(ting)外又(you)增(zeng)五岳(yue)、天妃二(er)殿,又(you)增(zeng)建宮(gong)門(men)。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)武當山太和宮(gong)道(dao)士(shi)向教輝來云麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)主教事,集道(dao)友慕化捐(juan)資,按昔(xi)日規模重葺(qi)道(dao)宮(gong)。
1944年(nian)(nian)抗日(ri)戰爭期間為日(ri)軍飛(fei)機炸毀,云麓宮(gong)殿堂、神(shen)像、碑刻(ke)(ke)遭到嚴重破(po)壞。1946年(nian)(nian),道(dao)人(ren)鄔云開(kai)、吳明(ming)海等籌款修復。于望湘(xiang)亭中增置純陽真人(ren)呂洞賓浮雕石像,并(bing)刻(ke)(ke)真人(ren)所著《百字銘》。建靈宮(gong)殿在(zai)今飛(fei)來石處,建清虛(xu)宮(gong)在(zai)今歸來鐘(zhong)處,均已毀。
中(zhong)華人民共和國成立后云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)于(yu)1957年重(zhong)(zhong)修。1966年文革(ge)期(qi)間云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)遭到嚴重(zhong)(zhong)破壞。1976年修葺(qi)臨倒塌的(de)關(guan)帝殿時,在(zai)原址(zhi)上(shang)建(jian)長方(fang)(fang)形兩層樓閣,東向(xiang)城廓,供(gong)游(you)人登臨覽(lan)勝。后殿及宮(gong)右呂(lv)祖(zu)殿均作(zuo)茶室,供(gong)游(you)人憩息品茗。宮(gong)左后方(fang)(fang),拓坪(ping)數百平方(fang)(fang)米,并砌(qi)建(jian)曲廊。二十一(yi)世(shi)紀初在(zai)望江閣樓上(shang)豎(shu)呂(lv)祖(zu)像(xiang),按(an)規制(zhi)作(zuo)龕,前廳堅關(guan)帝像(xiang)。三清(qing)殿按(an)道家規制(zhi)豎(shu)像(xiang)三尊。云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)(lu)宮(gong)左豎(shu)有漢白(bai)玉《麓(lu)(lu)山樹鐙記(ji)碑(bei)》,旁豎(shu)《麓(lu)(lu)山鞏峙峙碑(bei)》,碑(bei)陰為“光聯翼(yi)軫”。原有天燈樹,已廢。
乘坐63、106、132、202、305、309、315、318、325、908、立珊線、旅(lv)(lv)1路等公交(jiao)車在市四醫(yi)院(yuan)站下車,從東大(da)門(men)進(jin)入(ru);或乘63、106、132、202、305、902、立珊專(zhuan)線、旅(lv)(lv)1、旅(lv)(lv)3線在岳麓山南站下車,從南大(da)門(men)進(jin)入(ru)。