始建于(yu)明成化十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1478年(nian)(nian)(nian)),嘉(jia)靖(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1522 ~1566年(nian)(nian)(nian))間長(chang)沙(sha)太守孫復與道士李可(ke)經主持加(jia)修(xiu)。隆慶六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1572年(nian)(nian)(nian))張殿(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)再(zai)修(xiu)。時有關帝殿(dian)(dian)、玄武祖師殿(dian)(dian)、三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)三(san)進,明末(mo)毀于(yu)戰火。崇禎十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1642年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)修(xiu)祖師殿(dian)(dian)。清康(kang)熙四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1665年(nian)(nian)(nian))、嘉(jia)慶八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1803年(nian)(nian)(nian))兩次續修(xiu)。道光十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1833年(nian)(nian)(nian))巡撫吳榮光、布政使惠豐重(zhong)修(xiu)前殿(dian)(dian)。咸豐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1852年(nian)(nian)(nian))毀于(yu)兵亂。
清同治二年(1863),按原(yuan)格局再加以修(xiu)葺,并(bing)在殿(dian)前后左右(you)建(jian)五岳殿(dian)、天妃殿(dian),又增建(jian)宮(gong)門。
進士(shi)吳獬游(you)此時(shi)為宮(gong)門題寫"對云(yun)(yun)絕頂猶為麓(lu),求道(dao)(dao)安心即是宮(gong)"一(yi)聯(lian),聯(lian)內隱"云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)道(dao)(dao)宮(gong)"四字,傳為佳(jia)作。抗日戰爭期間,云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)殿堂、神(shen)像(xiang)、碑刻遭(zao)到嚴(yan)重破(po)壞(huai)。1946年,道(dao)(dao)人(ren)鄔云(yun)(yun)開、吳明海(hai)等籌款修復。于望湘亭中增(zeng)置純陽真(zhen)人(ren)(呂洞賓(bin))浮雕(diao)石像(xiang),并(bing)刻真(zhen)人(ren)所著(zhu)《百字銘》。亭壁掛清人(ren)黃道(dao)(dao)讓"西南云(yun)(yun)氣來衡岳,日夜江聲下洞庭"木刻楹聯(lian)。"文化大革命"期間,云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)遭(zao)到嚴(yan)重破(po)壞(huai)。現存道(dao)(dao)宮(gong)房(fang)屋600平方米,部分(fen)建筑由長沙市(shi)宗教(jiao)部門管理。長沙市(shi)道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)協(xie)會設(she)此。云(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)地(di)處岳麓(lu)山巔,四周古木參天(tian),景色(se)宜人(ren),是游(you)人(ren)品茶(cha)、談聯(lian)、觀景、歇(xie)憩之(zhi)地(di)。
云麓(lu)宮(gong)是(shi)一道觀,位于湖南(nan)省長沙(sha)市岳麓(lu)山的(de)云麓(lu)峰(feng)頂,為(wei)道教七十二福地之一,建于明代。1944年(nian)被(bei)日機炸毀,1957年(nian)重建。游人到(dao)這里(li)可領略“直上(shang)云麓(lu)三千丈,來看長沙(sha)百萬家(jia)”的(de)壯闊(kuo)景(jing)色,登上(shang)云麓(lu)宮(gong)里(li)的(de)望(wang)湘樓,可以看到(dao)“湘江北去,桔子洲頭”的(de)景(jing)象。
云(yun)麓宮最(zui)早建于1478年(nian)(明憲宗(zong)成(cheng)化十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)),吉(ji)簡(jian)王朱見浚就藩于長沙時,建筑取宮殿(dian)(dian)形制,但(dan)舊(jiu)宮早已廢記。嘉靖(1522-1566)年(nian)間(jian)太守孫復命道(dao)士李可經主持修葺(qi),并增植松、柏、桐、梓及篁竹千株,使觀宇周圍風景(jing)煥然一新(xin)。隆(long)慶(1567-1572)年(nian)間(jian),又有道(dao)士金守分在這(zhe)里修煉(lian),由(you)他募捐拓(tuo)地(di),增建堂(tang)殿(dian)(dian),改名(ming)云(yun)麓宮,筑屋五間(jian),鑿石為柱,覆以(yi)鐵瓦,以(yi)抗風雪。宮的(de)前殿(dian)(dian)為關圣殿(dian)(dian),中殿(dian)(dian)祀玄帝,名(ming)玄武祖師殿(dian)(dian),后殿(dian)(dian)祀“三(san)清(qing)(qing)”。道(dao)教以(yi)玉清(qing)(qing)元始(shi)天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)、上清(qing)(qing)靈寶天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)、太清(qing)(qing)道(dao)德天(tian)尊(zun)(zun)(太上老君)為最(zui)高尊(zun)(zun)神(shen),合體三(san)清(qing)(qing),故名(ming)三(san)清(qing)(qing)殿(dian)(dian)。云(yun)麓宮由(you)此成(cheng)為道(dao)教勝地(di)。道(dao)家崇尚(shang)自(zi)森,倡(chang)行“無為而(er)治”,總(zong)是選擇清(qing)(qing)靜(jing)優美(mei)之處建立宮觀,修身養(yang)性,采藥煉(lian)丹,以(yi)求得道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian),并將這(zhe)些地(di)方(fang)視(shi)作神(shen)仙(xian)的(de)居所(suo),由(you)此形成(cheng)了著名(ming)的(de)十(shi)(shi)大洞天(tian)、三(san)十(shi)(shi)六小洞天(tian)和七十(shi)(shi)二(er)福地(di)。而(er)四周峰巒(luan)聳峙、石骨盤迂、樹竹青翠的(de)云(yun)麓宮就是其中的(de)第(di)二(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)福地(di)——“洞真(zhen)虛(xu)福地(di)”。
清康熙(1662-1722)初年,長沙分(fen)巡道張(zhang)重新修(xiu)葺了云麓宮,以后(hou)續有增(zeng)建。
1862年(同治元年)于門(men)前(qian)筑一小亭(ting),亭(ting)外又(you)增(zeng)五岳(yue)、天(tian)妃(fei)二殿。以(yi)前(qian)宮門(men)有一副對聯(lian):“古剎出(chu)層宵(xiao),看(kan)岳(yue)色(se)平(ping)分,江流環繞;名山多勝跡,有少陵寫(xie)句,北海題碑。”對聯(lian)的(de)上聯(lian)寫(xie)了(le)云(yun)麓(lu)宮的(de)宏(hong)偉,似乎超出(chu)云(yun)霄之上,在此(ci)可(ke)以(yi)近看(kan)岳(yue)麓(lu)山色(se),遠眺(tiao)湘江環流;下聯(lian)描述(shu)云(yun)麓(lu)宮所在的(de)岳(yue)麓(lu)山有許多歷史(shi)勝跡,杜甫在這里留下了(le)詩句,李(li)邕題撰了(le)著(zhu)名碑刻。
在云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)內有望(wang)湘亭(ting),亭(ting)在拜岳石上,是清道光(1821-1850)年間修(xiu)建的(de)。憑欄遠望(wang),湘江(jiang)與長(chang)沙(sha)城區盡收眼底,可以領略(lve)“直(zhi)登云(yun)麓(lu)三(san)干丈,來(lai)看長(chang)沙(sha)百(bai)萬家(jia)”的(de)壯闊(kuo)景(jing)色(se)。云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)內楹聯很多,都出自(zi)名家(jia)手筆(bi)。其中(zhong)清人(ren)黃道讓(rang)所(suo)題“西南云(yun)氣(qi)來(lai)衡岳,日夜江(jiang)聲下洞庭”抓(zhua)住了云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)壯闊(kuo)的(de)特色(se),氣(qi)魄宏(hong)偉,對仗工整(zheng),字跡道勁(jing),素為游(you)人(ren)喜愛和吟誦(song)。
云(yun)麓(lu)宮具有的(de)(de)美(mei)景勝(sheng)跡,吸引了(le)無(wu)數文人墨客來此游(you)玩題詠,可惜大多因年代久遠(yuan),歷經戰亂而(er)已無(wu)法見到(dao)。古代詩詞中,現今尚(shang)能見到(dao)的(de)(de)有明末清初長沙人廖元度(du)的(de)(de)《宿(su)云(yun)麓(lu)宮》,詩云(yun):“林深宵空重,一(yi)(yi)梳對燈(deng)青。月色如秋瘦(shou),蟲聲觸夢醒”。抒(shu)發(fa)了(le)作(zuo)者在朝代更迭(die)的(de)(de)亂世,無(wu)家(jia)可歸寄居廟觀,夜晚(wan)寂寞獨對孤(gu)燈(deng),痛惜國亡家(jia)破(po)的(de)(de)情感。清代還有一(yi)(yi)首(shou)由岳(yue)麓(lu)書院肄業生、溆浦人嚴正(zheng)基所撰的(de)(de)《夜登(deng)云(yun)麓(lu)宮》:“云(yun)麓(lu)峰巔足眠(mian),征(zheng)衫擾帶(dai)五溪(xi)煙。當頭華(hua)月三千里,彈指東風念四年。螟色暗投游(you)屐外,松濤(tao)請到(dao)杵鐘邊。故園計買青山宅,便與人間作(zuo)散(san)仙。”
詩(shi)中除描(miao)寫了云(yun)麓宮所在山(shan)峰的(de)險峻(jun)、視(shi)野(ye)的(de)遼(liao)闊和月光、松濤(tao)等(deng)自然(ran)景色(se)外,還聯系到(dao)云(yun)麓宮是道教(jiao)名觀(guan),表達了詩(shi)人想在此買宅(zhai)居(ju)住,以作(zuo)人間神仙(xian)的(de)愿望。這(zhe)也是眾(zhong)多(duo)游人到(dao)云(yun)麓宮后都會產生的(de)聯想。
著(zhu)名(ming)道(dao)觀。建于(yu)岳(yue)(yue)麓(lu)山(shan)(shan)頂的云(yun)(yun)(yun)麓(lu)峰,原為(wei)(wei)(wei)道(dao)家二(er)十(shi)三洞(dong)真虛福地。明(ming)吉簡王倡道(dao),于(yu)明(ming)成化(hua)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(147)就藩(fan)長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)時所建。明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(15221566),長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)太守孫復,令道(dao)人李可(ke)經修葺,增植松柏(bo)、桐梓、筱(xiao)篁千(qian)株。隆慶間,道(dao)士(shi)金(jin)守分(fen)在此(ci)禁足修煉,“冶鐵為(wei)(wei)(wei)瓦,鑿石(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)柱”,募建宮(gong)(gong)殿,前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關帝(di)殿,中為(wei)(wei)(wei)玄武祖師(shi)殿,后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三清(qing)(qing)殿,鐵瓦石(shi)柱,兩廂丹房,命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)”。康熙時重(zhong)修,咸(xian)豐初毀于(yu)兵燹,同治二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1863)武當山(shan)(shan)道(dao)士(shi)向教輝重(zhong)建并增建五岳(yue)(yue)、天妃(fei)二(er)殿。宮(gong)(gong)內二(er)進為(wei)(wei)(wei)望湘亭,宮(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)有(you)法華塔。1944年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)大(da)部毀于(yu)日寇轟炸。長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)解(jie)放后(hou)(hou),于(yu)1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在原址(zhi)新建二(er)層重(zhong)檐歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)頂閣樓(lou)一(yi)座,名(ming)望湘閣。游(you)人至此(ci),可(ke)領略“直上(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)麓(lu)三千(qian)丈,來(lai)看(kan)長(chang)沙(sha)(sha)百萬(wan)家”的壯闊景色。登閣憑欄遠眺(tiao),南可(ke)望衡(heng)山(shan)(shan),北可(ke)瞻(zhan)洞(dong)庭(ting)(ting),俯可(ke)視“湘江北去,橘(ju)子洲頭”。宮(gong)(gong)內有(you)清(qing)(qing)人黃道(dao)讓:“西南云(yun)(yun)(yun)氣來(lai)衡(heng)岳(yue)(yue),日夜江聲(sheng)下洞(dong)庭(ting)(ting)”楹聯。宮(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)坪中豎一(yi)石(shi)碑,高2米(mi),碑正面刻“麓(lu)峰鞏寺”,碑陰刻竣工記(ji)事。云(yun)(yun)(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)前(qian)有(you)拜岳(yue)(yue)石(shi),又名(ming)飛來(lai)石(shi),石(shi)方丈余,因其可(ke)瞻(zhan)望衡(heng)岳(yue)(yue)而拜,故(gu)名(ming)拜岳(yue)(yue)石(shi)。近處古樹杈中有(you)鐘(zhong),鐘(zhong)上(shang)(shang)銘文為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)萬(wan)歷四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)造,經風(feng)霜(shuang)雨雪而無銹,道(dao)人作息時鳴(ming)鐘(zhong),其聲(sheng)激越清(qing)(qing)揚,偶聽(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)如同“歸來(lai)”之(zhi)(zhi)音(yin),故(gu)又名(ming)“歸來(lai)鐘(zhong)”。
云(yun)麓(lu)宮于明朝(chao)成化十四年(nian)(1478年(nian))吉簡王朱見浚就藩長(chang)沙所建。取武當(dang)山道(dao)觀(guan)的宮殿建筑形制,名曰洞真觀(guan),舊宮早(zao)已廢圮。明嘉(jia)靖(1522年(nian)-1566年(nian))年(nian)間太守(shou)孫復(fu)命道(dao)士李可經(jing)重(zhong)修,并增植松、柏、桐、梓(zi)及篁竹千株,使觀(guan)宇周圍風景煥然一(yi)新。隆(long)慶(1567年(nian)-1572年(nian))年(nian)間道(dao)士金守(shou)分(fen)在山禁足修道(dao),有殿元張陽和慕名拜訪,因敬金守(shou)分(fen)道(dao)人(ren)玄機奧義,識度(du)弘深,乃協力倡(chang)修云(yun)麓(lu)宮。由其(qi)募捐拓地,增建堂殿,改(gai)名云(yun)麓(lu)宮宮前(qian)殿為關(guan)圣殿,中(zhong)殿祀(si)玄帝,名玄武祖師(shi)殿,后(hou)殿祀(si)“三清”。明末,云(yun)麓(lu)宮兩度(du)毀于兵燹。
清(qing)康(kang)熙(1662年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1722年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),長(chang)沙分巡道(dao)張睿修葺云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)。乾隆年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1736年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1795年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))構殿五間,其后為(wei)三(san)清(qing)殿,冶鐵為(wei)瓦(wa),立石為(wei)柱(zhu)。咸豐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1852年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))毀(hui)于(yu)兵災。清(qing)道(dao)光(guang)(1821年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1850年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間在云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)內建(jian)(jian)有望湘亭(ting)(ting),亭(ting)(ting)在拜(bai)岳(yue)石上供游人憑欄遠眺湘江與長(chang)沙城。同治元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)于(yu)門前筑一小亭(ting)(ting),亭(ting)(ting)外又(you)增五岳(yue)、天妃二殿,又(you)增建(jian)(jian)宮(gong)門。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)武當(dang)山太(tai)和宮(gong)道(dao)士向(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)輝來云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)主(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)事,集道(dao)友(you)慕化(hua)捐(juan)資(zi),按昔日規(gui)模重葺道(dao)宮(gong)。
1944年(nian)抗日戰爭期間為日軍飛機炸毀,云(yun)麓宮(gong)殿(dian)堂、神像(xiang)、碑刻(ke)(ke)遭到(dao)嚴重破壞。1946年(nian),道人(ren)鄔(wu)云(yun)開、吳明海等籌款(kuan)修(xiu)復。于(yu)望(wang)湘(xiang)亭(ting)中增(zeng)置純陽真人(ren)呂洞賓浮雕石像(xiang),并刻(ke)(ke)真人(ren)所著《百字(zi)銘(ming)》。建靈宮(gong)殿(dian)在今(jin)(jin)飛來(lai)石處,建清(qing)虛(xu)宮(gong)在今(jin)(jin)歸來(lai)鐘(zhong)處,均已毀。
中華人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和國成立后云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)于1957年重修。1966年文革期間云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)遭到嚴(yan)重破壞。1976年修葺(qi)臨倒塌(ta)的(de)關帝殿(dian)時,在原址(zhi)上建(jian)長方形(xing)兩層樓(lou)閣(ge),東向城(cheng)廓,供游人(ren)(ren)登臨覽勝(sheng)。后殿(dian)及宮(gong)(gong)右(you)呂祖殿(dian)均作茶室,供游人(ren)(ren)憩息(xi)品茗。宮(gong)(gong)左后方,拓坪數百平方米(mi),并砌建(jian)曲廊。二十一(yi)世紀初在望江閣(ge)樓(lou)上豎呂祖像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),按規(gui)制(zhi)作龕,前廳堅關帝像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。三清殿(dian)按道家規(gui)制(zhi)豎像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三尊(zun)。云(yun)麓(lu)宮(gong)(gong)左豎有漢白玉《麓(lu)山(shan)樹鐙記碑》,旁豎《麓(lu)山(shan)鞏(gong)峙(zhi)峙(zhi)碑》,碑陰(yin)為(wei)“光聯翼軫”。原有天燈樹,已(yi)廢。
乘坐63、106、132、202、305、309、315、318、325、908、立珊(shan)線、旅1路(lu)等(deng)公(gong)交車在市四醫院站下車,從東大門(men)進入;或乘63、106、132、202、305、902、立珊(shan)專線、旅1、旅3線在岳麓山南站下車,從南大門(men)進入。