芒果视频下载-高清在线

歷史淵源

漢(han)(han)(han)調(diao)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)系(xi)板腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)，以二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主要聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，屬(shu)“皮(pi)(pi)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)系(xi)”劇種(zhong)。二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)種(zhong)不同的腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)。其腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)考原至今亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸說(shuo)并存。一般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)調(diao)源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)陜、甘(gan)(gan)一帶、即“西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)本(ben)甘(gan)(gan)肅腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、所(suo)用(yong)以托腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)胡琴、為(wei)(wei)(wei)月琴、故(gu)日(ri)琴腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”“明末已流行內地(di)’’之(zhi)說(shuo)。二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)調(diao)之(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)，一說(shuo)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)土生土長(chang)，屬(shu)秦(qin)聲古調(diao)之(zhi)一種(zhong)，在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)水(shui)流域(yu)發展(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)，是為(wei)(wei)(wei)“漢(han)(han)(han)調(diao)”、“漢(han)(han)(han)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)”、“西(xi)(xi)(xi)曲(qu)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)”；一說(shuo)漢(han)(han)(han)劉邦屯兵漢(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)時，將漢(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)上游民歌作軍謠，后帶入關中(zhong)(zhong)制于(yu)樂(le)(le)府，集秦(qin)楚樂(le)(le)工傳(chuan)(chuan)唱，因別(bie)于(yu)楚、秦(qin)樂(le)(le)及西(xi)(xi)(xi)域(yu)龜(gui)茲樂(le)(le)而(er)稱漢(han)(han)(han)調(diao)、秦(qin)聲；一說(shuo)源(yuan)(yuan)自唐代簧(huang)(huang)(huang)幡綽所(suo)創“簧(huang)(huang)(huang)冠體(ti)”而(er)得(de)名二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)，即“梨園法曲(qu)說(shuo)”；一說(shuo)由(you)“徽(hui)調(diao)”、“四平調(diao)”衍(yan)變(bian)；一說(shuo)“起于(yu)江右”，系(xi)“弋陽腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”派(pai)生，或“西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”傳(chuan)(chuan)入江西(xi)(xi)(xi)，改竹笛、嗩(suo)吶為(wei)(wei)(wei)胡琴伴奏變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)等(deng)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)、二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)調(diao)合流演變(bian)的眾說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，多認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明末清初，在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)水(shui)流域(yu)合成(cheng)(cheng)，先自漢(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)上游順流東下(xia)荊、襄、武漢(han)(han)(han)得(de)以發展(zhan)，又溯(su)水(shui)洄(hui)流漢(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)上游一帶。

文化特征

角色行當

漢(han)(han)調二簧在(zai)發展(zhan)中(zhong)曾形成安康、漢(han)(han)中(zhong)、商雒、關中(zhong)等流派(pai)，名角(jiao)層出不窮。其腳色共分(fen)末、凈、生(sheng)、旦(dan)、丑、外、小、貼、老(lao)、雜十(shi)個行當，表(biao)演(yan)講究細膩(ni)精到(dao)，唱(chang)腔真(zhen)假嗓并用，悠(you)揚婉轉。生(sheng)、老(lao)旦(dan)一般用真(zhen)聲演(yan)唱(chang)，旦(dan)用假聲演(yan)唱(chang)，凈則使用虎音。其唱(chang)腔以(yi)西皮、二簧為主，西皮用于表(biao)現(xian)愉(yu)快、爽朗的(de)情緒和場面，二簧用于表(biao)現(xian)悲哀、肅穆的(de)情緒和場面，演(yan)唱(chang)中(zhong)根據劇情需要交替(ti)使用，形成甜音、苦音之分(fen)。

唱腔

漢調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)唱(chang)(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)分(fen)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)調(diao)(diao)和西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)“上(shang)把”，曲(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)唱(chang)(chang)法上(shang)講究板(ban)起(qi)板(ban)落，用(yong)(yong)(yong)“頂牙子(zi)”開口。板(ban)式有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)【導板(ban)】、【慢三眼】等(deng)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種(zhong)(zhong)。西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)“下把”，唱(chang)(chang)法上(shang)眼起(qi)板(ban)落，用(yong)(yong)(yong)“過(guo)牙子(zi)”開口。板(ban)式有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)【導板(ban)】、【一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】等(deng)十種(zhong)(zhong)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)反(fan)調(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)（陽(yang)板(ban)），西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)反(fan)調(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。另外(wai)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)撥子(zi)、四(si)平調(diao)(diao)、徽調(diao)(diao)、昆腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、板(ban)兒腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、吹腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、高(gao)(gao)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、看山(shan)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)等(deng)雜腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)雜調(diao)(diao)。如(ru)《牧虎關》高(gao)(gao)旺(wang)，《三搜府(fu)》施公皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)徽調(diao)(diao)演唱(chang)(chang)；《大賜福》、《過(guo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)關》等(deng)全(quan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆曲(qu)(qu)演唱(chang)(chang)；《下河東(dong)》用(yong)(yong)(yong)吹腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)（嗩吶調(diao)(diao)）演唱(chang)(chang)；《釘缸》用(yong)(yong)(yong)七句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)半(ban)演唱(chang)(chang)；《小放牛》用(yong)(yong)(yong)小調(diao)(diao)演唱(chang)(chang)等(deng)。把西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)【一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】和【二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)六】唱(chang)(chang)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)過(guo)門(men)重復(fu)一(yi)遍叫做(zuo)“雙環(huan)環(huan)”，是洛鎮二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)一(yi)大特(te)色。整(zheng)個曲(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)委(wei)婉不足(zu)，質樸有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)余，故有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“硬腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)戲中，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)或(huo)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)一(yi)調(diao)(diao)到底(di)的(de)(de)，也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)曲(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)交替(ti)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)上(shang)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)唱(chang)(chang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)，下句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)接(jie)(jie)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)；或(huo)前半(ban)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)唱(chang)(chang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)，后半(ban)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)唱(chang)(chang)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。如(ru)《二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進宮》“跪(gui)臣”一(yi)節，徐彥昭(zhao)前半(ban)句(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)【原板(ban)】唱(chang)(chang)“嚇壞了定國(guo)王”，楊博(bo)接(jie)(jie)“兵部(bu)侍(shi)郎”，就變(bian)成了西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)【流水板(ban)】。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)調(diao)(diao)改(gai)板(ban)的(de)(de)“倒把”方式，是漢調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)特(te)點之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。

伴奏樂器

伴(ban)奏樂隊(dui)的文場使(shi)用(yong)胡(hu)琴、二胡(hu)、月琴、三弦(xian)、阮、嗩吶、笛子(zi)、喇(la)叭等樂器(qi)，武場則使(shi)用(yong)牙板、梆子(zi)、暴(bao)鼓、尖鼓、鑼、鐃鈸等。漢調二簧的臉譜樣式眾多(duo)，比京劇和秦(qin)腔更為考究(jiu)，收(shou)集到的有四百五十多(duo)個。

板式

唱腔音樂(le)中有西(xi)皮類九種板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)，如【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【慢一(yi)字(zi)】【一(yi)字(zi)】【二(er)流(liu)】【三流(liu)】【浪(lang)里(li)鉆(zhan)】【撩(liao)(liao)子】【滾白】【灑頭】；二(er)簧(huang)類板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)有【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【回龍(long)】【慢一(yi)字(zi)】【一(yi)字(zi)】【扣扣板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【平板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【浪(lang)里(li)鉆(zhan)】【撩(liao)(liao)子】八種。各(ge)種板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)的(de)起板(ban)(ban)(ban)、轉板(ban)(ban)(ban)、落板(ban)(ban)(ban)都有一(yi)定規律；唱腔也兼(jian)用一(yi)些昆曲(qu)，吹腔和民(min)間小調。

代表劇目

漢調二(er)簧傳統劇(ju)(ju)目豐富，僅安康一(yi)地就有一(yi)千二(er)百(bai)多種，已挖掘整理出本(ben)戲(xi)420個，折子戲(xi)517個。這些劇(ju)(ju)目的題材多取自《東(dong)周(zhou)列國志》《三國演義》《封神演義》及其(qi)他(ta)歷(li)史故事(shi)和(he)民(min)間傳說(shuo)，其(qi)中的代表(biao)性劇(ju)(ju)目有《文姬辨(bian)琴》《胡笳十(shi)八拍》《戰蚩尤》《嘗百(bai)草》《簧天蕩》《清風亭》《二(er)度梅(mei)》《打龍棚(peng)》《梁紅玉》等(deng)。

主要分類

漢中二簧

嘉慶至道光(guang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（1796—1850），楊金年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)鄉開辦科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)科(ke)藝(yi)術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，分赴漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各地(di)(di)搭班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或(huo)自行(xing)組(zu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演出(chu)(chu)，并(bing)開科(ke)授徒。使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)簧(huang)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各地(di)(di)扎下了(le)根子，出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)職業(ye)戲(xi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)仁豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)榮(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，于(yu)道光(guang)二(er)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前后(hou)，還去(qu)湖北(bei)、安康等(deng)地(di)(di)演出(chu)(chu)。楊金年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、查來松及張清壽(shou)（人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱“活(huo)靈官(guan)”），又接辦了(le)永(yong)、青長(chang)三(san)(san)(san)科(ke)，培訓出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，又分別組(zu)建起長(chang)勝(sheng)、青云、永(yong)太等(deng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，并(bing)跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)又代(dai)培出(chu)(chu)太、周、萬(wan)字輩藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，壯(zhuang)大(da)了(le)二(er)簧(huang)力(li)量，形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)上(shang)(shang)河調(diao)(diao)(diao)（漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水上(shang)(shang)流(liu)，當(dang)地(di)(di)欲稱上(shang)(shang)河）二(er)簧(huang)。張清壽(shou)死后(hou)葬于(yu)鎮巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)東北(bei)角(jiao)，其第(di)子于(yu)墳(fen)側(ce)修(xiu)建“靈官(guan)廟”一座(zuo)，廟內存有(you)(you)張的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)像，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)后(hou)世漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)祭(ji)祖之地(di)(di)。光(guang)緒(xu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間（1875—1908）漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南鄭(zheng)(zheng)等(deng)地(di)(di)，又先后(hou)辦起了(le)大(da)同社(she)、福慶班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、雙慶班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)簧(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)。光(guang)緒(xu)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1907）楊偉堂(tang)(tang)、蘇巒玉(yu)、趙(zhao)(zhao)某（山陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)）、賀(he)保保（安康人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)），合伙于(yu)南鄭(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)秦家壩(ba)大(da)安寺開辦了(le)天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，共(gong)收(shou)學(xue)徒七十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，為(wei)當(dang)時(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)，西(xi)鄉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)九榮(rong)兩科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)四十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)接納(na)入(ru)天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)多達百(bai)余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以上(shang)(shang)，曾開往四川(chuan)演出(chu)(chu)。宣(xuan)統二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1910）于(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)都首場演出(chu)(chu)《滿床笏》，轟動一時(shi)。至辛亥革命(ming)后(hou)，李偉堂(tang)(tang)才率(lv)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)返回(hui)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。不久，戲(xi)箱交(jiao)由(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)天(tian)(tian)滿領(ling)管，改(gai)天(tian)(tian)泰(tai)科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)興漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)。以后(hou)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，馬天(tian)(tian)慶（領(ling)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）與(yu)王吉(ji)元、王來壽(shou)等(deng)，跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶(dai)徒培訓出(chu)(chu)福、耀(yao)、玉(yu)、勝(sheng)等(deng)輩學(xue)員(yuan)，流(liu)布漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，并(bing)組(zu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演出(chu)(chu)，遂出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)寧強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)賀(he)斌(bin)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、胡家壩(ba)的(de)(de)(de)趙(zhao)(zhao)開志(zhi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、留(liu)壩(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)唐(tang)安榮(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、德燕(yan)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)幾(ji)十(shi)個戲(xi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)派二(er)簧(huang)開始出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)盛期。抗日戰爭(zheng)后(hou)期，職業(ye)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)僅(jin)留(liu)有(you)(you)蒲正華(hua)所(suo)領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)興漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)，二(er)簧(huang)戲(xi)頓(dun)呈衰弱景況。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立后(hou)，由(you)興漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)和幾(ji)個業(ye)余班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)平(ping)民劇社(she)，后(hou)改(gai)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇團(tuan)。1967年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)解散，1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重新恢復。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)文工團(tuan)合并(bing)，取名(ming)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)實驗劇團(tuan)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)簧(huang)語音接近四川(chuan)，唱腔具有(you)(you)音調(diao)(diao)(diao)清新、柔婉的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。主(zhu)要(yao)盛行(xing)于(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南鄭(zheng)(zheng)、西(xi)鄉、城(cheng)固、鎮巴(ba)、勉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)地(di)(di)。

安康二簧

自乾(qian)隆(long)（1736—1795），蒿(hao)坪河(he)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)乾(qian)勝班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、泰豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)出(chu)(chu)現后(hou)，至道光年(nian)間（1821—1850），又(you)有(you)(you)(you)漢(han)(han)榮(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（漢(han)(han)中派）、仁豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、宜(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相(xiang)繼演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。咸豐十(shi)年(nian)（1860）安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)籍藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)范仁寶（渾名范驢子）從湖北房(fang)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)覺寺率(lv)領瑞仁班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)回(hui)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)，于城內三義廟搭臺售票(piao)(piao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)，又(you)在(zai)金堂寺、萬壽寺開科授徒，培(pei)養出(chu)(chu)瑞、彩(cai)(cai)、方(fang)(fang)、盛四科安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)。該(gai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)陣容整齊(qi)，行(xing)(xing)當齊(qi)全，其(qi)唱(chang)腔雜(za)有(you)(you)(you)湖北民(min)間曲調(diao)(diao)，人(ren)(ren)稱下(xia)河(he)調(diao)(diao)，具有(you)(you)(you)唱(chang)腔清(qing)新(xin)悅耳，表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)細膩(ni)神奇(qi)的(de)風格，習(xi)者眾多，使安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)得到了(le)(le)(le)長足(zu)(zu)新(xin)悅耳，表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)細膩(ni)神奇(qi)的(de)風格，習(xi)者眾多，使安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)得到了(le)(le)(le)長足(zu)(zu)發展。同(tong)(tong)治年(nian)間（1862—1874）出(chu)(chu)科的(de)方(fang)(fang)、盛兩科藝(yi)(yi)術人(ren)(ren)，先后(hou)入關(guan)中、四川(chuan)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)；瑞、彩(cai)(cai)科藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)長期駐足(zu)(zu)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地區，使安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)在(zai)唱(chang)腔、表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)發生了(le)(le)(le)較大(da)變化。清(qing)末民(min)案初(chu)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)各地班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)日益(yi)增多，最有(you)(you)(you)影響的(de)為(wei)十(shi)三太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)字班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。即金太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、福(fu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、鼎太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、廣(guang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、隆(long)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、貴太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、仁太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、盛太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、喜太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、治太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、裕(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)德太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。后(hou)因(yin)連年(nian)災荒(huang)，兵(bing)匪橫(heng)行(xing)(xing)，班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)紛紛解(jie)體。民(min)國(guo)八(ba)年(nian)（1919）年(nian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)凌成佑，在(zai)城防駐軍北洋第七師的(de)支持下(xia)，成立(li)了(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)劇(ju)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)社(she)(she)，以安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)城為(wei)大(da)本(ben)營，于陜(shan)(shan)南漢(han)(han)水流(liu)域各縣(xian)(xian)廟會(hui)、商會(hui)、鄉鎮售票(piao)(piao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)再(zai)一次起興。出(chu)(chu)現的(de)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)青衣泰斗陳(chen)(chen)長庚，凈角陳(chen)(chen)天靜(jing)、知長福(fu)，花(hua)旦閻保林，丑角范大(da)德、梁金玉，生角徐茂才、黃大(da)架，小生孫玉寶、李玉喜及安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)第一代女藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)鐘玉鳳、郭玉蓮等(deng)。抗日戰爭爆發后(hou)，京、滬各地藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)逃至陜(shan)(shan)南，京劇(ju)、越劇(ju)、曲劇(ju)、話(hua)劇(ju)及秦腔傳(chuan)入安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)又(you)走(zou)向了(le)(le)(le)低谷。凌成佑不甘現狀(zhuang)，在(zai)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)社(she)(she)開辦科班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，培(pei)養了(le)(le)(le)一批二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)，使安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)再(zai)度(du)出(chu)(chu)現了(le)(le)(le)回(hui)升之勢。中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)成立(li)后(hou)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地方(fang)(fang)政府(fu)將同(tong)(tong)心(xin)(xin)社(she)(she)與西(xi)關(guan)自樂社(she)(she)合并(bing)成立(li)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)劇(ju)院，先后(hou)排演(yan)(yan)(yan)了(le)(le)(le)《小二(er)(er)(er)(er)黑結婚(hun)》、《窮人(ren)(ren)恨》、《九件衣》、《北京四十(shi)天》等(deng)劇(ju)目，受(shou)到觀眾歡迎。1956年(nian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)劇(ju)院改為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)縣(xian)(xian)漢(han)(han)劇(ju)團(tuan)。專區各縣(xian)(xian)也先后(hou)成立(li)起縣(xian)(xian)屬專業漢(han)(han)劇(ju)團(tuan)，從業人(ren)(ren)員達三百余人(ren)(ren)。1959年(nian)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)戲(xi)曲學校設立(li)漢(han)(han)劇(ju)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，為(wei)漢(han)(han)劇(ju)培(pei)養學員七十(shi)五(wu)名，充實了(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)劇(ju)新(xin)生力量。1981年(nian)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)文化局于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)舉行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)首(shou)屆漢(han)(han)劇(ju)會(hui)演(yan)(yan)(yan)，名流(liu)薈萃，各呈異彩(cai)(cai)，把二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)戲(xi)推到一個(ge)新(xin)的(de)階段。安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)擅(shan)演(yan)(yan)(yan)文戲(xi)，唱(chang)腔秀麗、委婉，主要流(liu)行(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)、旬陽、紫陽、平利、白河(he)、漢(han)(han)陰、石泉等(deng)地。

關中二簧

流行于(yu)西安(an)、三(san)原(yuan)、涇陽(yang)、鳳翔、長(chang)(chang)安(an)、藍(lan)田(tian)(tian)、周(zhou)(zhou)至(zhi)(zhi)、戶(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)、咸陽(yang)、耀縣(xian)(xian)等(deng)地(di)(di)。注重唱工，劇(ju)本(ben)水詞少，正、悲劇(ju)多，曲牌(pai)、打擊樂多帶秦(qin)腔風味。最得文(wen)人(ren)、商紳、旗(qi)、滿、回民和(he)軍政要(yao)人(ren)的(de)喜好。嘉慶末年，漢中(zhong)來字輩出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)科學(xue)生賀鴻生，領班(ban)(ban)往(wang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)寶雞、虢鎮、周(zhou)(zhou)至(zhi)(zhi)、戶(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)、涇陽(yang)、三(san)原(yuan)、富平及西安(an)南關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)地(di)(di)演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。受其影響，涇陽(yang)、長(chang)(chang)安(an)、周(zhou)(zhou)至(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)地(di)(di)，亦先(xian)后(hou)(hou)組(zu)織起二(er)(er)簧班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)(she)(she)。光緒年間（1875—1908），出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了三(san)原(yuan)的(de)清義班(ban)(ban)，涇陽(yang)吳(wu)(wu)寡(gua)婦班(ban)(ban)，并(bing)開始有(you)坤伶清唱或掛衣登(deng)臺。吳(wu)(wu)寡(gua)婦班(ban)(ban)搜羅藝人(ren)，延聘文(wen)人(ren)修改(gai)劇(ju)本(ben)，聲譽日(ri)增。慈禧太后(hou)(hou)逃至(zhi)(zhi)西安(an)后(hou)(hou)，該班(ban)(ban)曾(ceng)應詔承奉獻(xian)演，得到慈禧贈匾嘉獎。辛(xin)亥革命后(hou)(hou)，陜西督(du)都張(zhang)翔初(chu)，革命軍師(shi)長(chang)(chang)張(zhang)云山(shan)，支(zhi)持在西安(an)創辦了二(er)(er)簧鳴(ming)(ming)盛學(xue)社(she)(she)(she)(she)，先(xian)后(hou)(hou)培養學(xue)員(yuan)二(er)(er)百余人(ren)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)(di)區二(er)(er)簧的(de)最大科班(ban)(ban)。教(jiao)師(shi)有(you)趙安(an)子、吳(wu)(wu)李(li)乾等(deng)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)科的(de)演員(yuan)有(you)山(shan)鳴(ming)(ming)歧、劉(liu)鳴(ming)(ming)祥、張(zhang)鳴(ming)(ming)峰(feng)、雷鳴(ming)(ming)震等(deng)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)(er)簧的(de)中(zhong)堅力量，曾(ceng)受聘于(yu)四(si)(si)川、甘肅、河南等(deng)地(di)(di)傳藝和(he)演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)(er)簧演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)主要(yao)劇(ju)目(mu)有(you)《火輪牌(pai)》、《汜水關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《破桃山(shan)》、《出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)五關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《過巴(ba)州》、《鎖(suo)陽(yang)城》、《四(si)(si)平山(shan)》等(deng)。1925年駐(zhu)軍賈興(xing)運組(zu)織的(de)二(er)(er)簧班(ban)(ban)，演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)一時而解體。1931年，藝人(ren)王安(an)奎創辦志義科班(ban)(ban)，培養出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)演員(yuan)劉(liu)志俊(jun)、劉(liu)志勝、馮志才、邵志福、董志杰等(deng)，同(tong)時還出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)有(you)慶義社(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)中(zhong)興(xing)社(she)(she)(she)(she)，因(yin)難以立足西安(an)而多巡回于(yu)外縣(xian)(xian)演出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。1949年初(chu)，原(yuan)“鳴(ming)(ming)盛學(xue)社(she)(she)(she)(she)”、“慶義社(she)(she)(she)(she)”等(deng)漢調二(er)(er)簧班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)(she)(she)合并(bing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“大眾劇(ju)社(she)(she)(she)(she)”，活(huo)動三(san)年散班(ban)(ban)。自此，關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)(di)區再無專業二(er)(er)簧劇(ju)團，僅西安(an)、藍(lan)田(tian)(tian)、戶(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)尚(shang)有(you)二(er)(er)簧研究會，經常組(zu)織一些業余演唱活(huo)動。

洛鎮二簧

盛行于(yu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)、山(shan)(shan)陽、商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洛(luo)南等(deng)(deng)地。向(xiang)以武(wu)戲見長，演(yan)(yan)《八蠟廟》、《紅桃山(shan)(shan)》等(deng)(deng)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，使用(yong)真槍(qiang)真刀。同治、光緒年(nian)(nian)間（1862—1908），出(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)于(yu)漢中(zhong)西鄉(xiang)沙河坎楊金(jin)年(nian)(nian)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)名藝(yi)人(ren)賀(he)鴻生(sheng)(sheng)，曾從湖北(bei)、關(guan)中(zhong)往返于(yu)商(shang)(shang)洛(luo)地區(qu)(qu)傳(chuan)播二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)，培養出(chu)(chu)趙(zhao)安(an)子、吳寶卿、演(yan)(yan)技超群(qun)，頗受觀眾(zhong)歡迎。光緒二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)（1898），清廷還詔趙(zhao)、吳進(jin)宮(gong)演(yan)(yan)唱。姚(yao)政班(ban)(ban)先后(hou)舉辦科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)，培養出(chu)(chu)“廣(guang)(guang)”、“慶”兩(liang)科(ke)(ke)藝(yi)人(ren)五(wu)十(shi)余(yu)名，壯大(da)了洛(luo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)隊伍。二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)世紀二(er)(er)(er)、三十(shi)年(nian)(nian)代，二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)戲繼(ji)續發展，出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)有柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)河代大(da)爺(ye)班(ban)(ban)，商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城內(nei)孔(kong)海(hai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)商(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)升平(ping)社(she)(she)，商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)屈映南班(ban)(ban)，鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城姚(yao)再(zai)勝(sheng)的(de)(de)五(wu)福(fu)班(ban)(ban)，云蓋寺的(de)(de)安(an)樂社(she)(she)和(he)柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)(shui)石(shi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)黑龍口、韓峪(yu)川、楊斜、東(dong)鄉(xiang)等(deng)(deng)地的(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)班(ban)(ban)，共(gong)十(shi)余(yu)個(ge)(ge)。藝(yi)人(ren)有代大(da)爺(ye)班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)劉五(wu)燕(yan)（紅生(sheng)(sheng)、武(wu)旦）、張(zhang)志(zhi)富（二(er)(er)(er)凈）、朱長福(fu)（外）、龔金(jin)娃(wa)（末）等(deng)(deng)，五(wu)福(fu)班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)尹(yin)榮山(shan)(shan)（凈）、董興平(ping)（旦）、金(jin)雙慶（生(sheng)(sheng)）、雷(lei)鳴震（生(sheng)(sheng)）等(deng)(deng)，安(an)樂社(she)(she)的(de)(de)羅福(fu)娃(wa)、陳大(da)炮、劉子勝(sheng)（生(sheng)(sheng)）、張(zhang)長生(sheng)(sheng)（丑）、高志(zhi)海(hai)（旦）等(deng)(deng)，商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、山(shan)(shan)陽、柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)各班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)李保林、王(wang)廣(guang)(guang)翠、陳剛娃(wa)、黃亮子、呂慶華、張(zhang)慶鴻等(deng)(deng)。演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目主要有《斬黃袍》《天水(shui)(shui)關(guan)》《端午門》《受禪(chan)臺》《天才吃饃(mo)》《南北(bei)會》《洪(hong)羊洞(dong)》《白門樓(lou)》《清河橋》《大(da)開榜》《元宵謎》《梵王(wang)宮(gong)》《漁舟配》《鼓(gu)滾劉封(feng)》《雙投唐》《草(cao)橋關(guan)》《月明樓(lou)》《望兒樓(lou)》等(deng)(deng)。抗日戰(zhan)爭期(qi)間，洛(luo)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)漢調二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)呈現蕭(xiao)條之勢，不少班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)解體(ti)。至抗日戰(zhan)爭末期(qi)，只有柞(zuo)(zuo)水(shui)(shui)抗建(jian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)三勝(sheng)班(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)還在演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。中(zhong)華人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)后(hou)，1955年(nian)(nian)5月以大(da)同社(she)(she)和(he)抗建(jian)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團為基礎建(jian)立(li)了商(shang)(shang)洛(luo)新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，1956年(nian)(nian)秋，鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以三勝(sheng)班(ban)(ban)為基礎組(zu)建(jian)了群(qun)眾(zhong)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團。1957年(nian)(nian)后(hou)又(you)相繼(ji)組(zu)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了山(shan)(shan)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級專業漢劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團，經常于(yu)本(ben)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)及商(shang)(shang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、洛(luo)南、丹(dan)鳳等(deng)(deng)地巡回演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。并(bing)招收學(xue)員，培養出(chu)(chu)武(wu)新(xin)艾(ai)等(deng)(deng)一批演(yan)(yan)員。

傳承保護

傳承價值

經研(yan)究認定，漢調二簧形成(cheng)較早，各地其他(ta)皮簧聲腔劇種都與之(zhi)存在淵源關系，它對川(chuan)劇、徽(hui)劇、京劇等(deng)的(de)形成(cheng)和(he)發(fa)展有著不可忽略(lve)的(de)影響。

傳承現狀

如(ru)今(jin)，漢調二(er)簧觀眾(zhong)銳減，經濟(ji)上出現困難(nan)，不(bu)斷走(zou)向衰落，專(zhuan)業劇團紛紛解(jie)散，僅剩(sheng)下(xia)安康漢濱區(qu)一個劇團還在維持演(yan)出，而且這個惟一的(de)劇團也正(zheng)瀕臨解(jie)散的(de)危機。在此(ci)情勢下(xia)，有必要大聲呼吁，應該盡快(kuai)對這一古(gu)老劇種(zhong)進行搶救(jiu)和保護。

傳承人物

龔尚武，男，漢族，1937年生(sheng)，陜(shan)西漢陰(yin)人(ren)，第二(er)批國家級非物質文化遺產項目漢調二(er)簧(huang)代表性傳(chuan)承人(ren)。

王發蕓(yun)，女，漢族，1941年生，陜(shan)西安康人，國(guo)家二(er)級演員，第二(er)批國(guo)家級非(fei)物(wu)質文化遺(yi)產項目(mu)漢調二(er)簧代表性傳承人。

保護措施

1956年，陜西(xi)省(sheng)文化局及(ji)陜西(xi)省(sheng)劇目工作室在安康設立專區(qu)戲曲發掘組，全面組織二黃老藝人(ren)們口(kou)述傳代輩(bei)份、班社(she)來往(wang)和源流沿革；以(yi)及(ji)迄今(jin)對(dui)古戲樓(lou)遺存至今(jin)的班社(she)壁題留字。

2019年11月，《國家級非物質文化遺產代表性項(xiang)目保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)名單》公布，安康(kang)市群眾藝術館、竹溪縣山二黃劇種保(bao)(bao)護(hu)傳承(cheng)展(zhan)演中心獲得“漢調(diao)二簧”項(xiang)目保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)資格。

社會影響

重要演出

1981年(nian)，陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)文化廳在安(an)康(kang)舉辦“陜(shan)(shan)(shan)西省(sheng)首屆漢劇會演”，陜(shan)(shan)(shan)南地(di)區(qu)有(you)十余(yu)個專業劇團參加演出，出現(xian)了空前繁榮的局面。

2015年(nian)10月16日(ri)晚，為喜(xi)迎“第十一屆中國文(wen)化藝術節”倒計(ji)時一周年(nian)，由寧陜(shan)(shan)縣文(wen)廣(guang)局主(zhu)辦、廣(guang)貨(huo)街(jie)鎮沙溝漢(han)劇(ju)自樂班社承(cheng)辦的漢(han)調二黃(huang)專場演(yan)出在寧陜(shan)(shan)縣電(dian)影院精(jing)彩上演(yan)。

榮譽表彰

2012年，平利(li)縣選送(song)的漢(han)調(diao)二黃(huang)戲《八仙游八仙》在首屆漢(han)調(diao)二黃(huang)自(zi)樂班社(she)擂臺賽中榮獲一等獎。

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