1、漢調二簧(湖北省),編號:Ⅳ-31
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),擴(kuo)展項目
(2)申報地區或(huo)單位:湖北省(sheng)竹(zhu)溪縣
(3)保護(hu)單(dan)位:竹溪縣山二(er)黃劇種保護(hu)傳承展(zhan)演(yan)中心
2、漢調二簧(陜西省),編號:Ⅳ-31
(1)批次(ci)/類(lei)型:2006年(第一(yi)批),新增項目
(2)申(shen)報(bao)地區或單位(wei):陜西省安(an)康市
(3)保(bao)護單位:安康市群(qun)眾藝術館
漢(han)(han)調(diao)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)系板腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),以(yi)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)皮(pi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要聲(sheng)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),屬“皮(pi)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)系”劇(ju)種。二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)皮(pi)為(wei)(wei)兩種不同(tong)的腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)。其(qi)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)考原(yuan)至今亦(yi)為(wei)(wei)諸說(shuo)(shuo)并存。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei),西(xi)皮(pi)調(diao)源于陜、甘(gan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)、即(ji)“西(xi)皮(pi)本(ben)甘(gan)肅腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、所(suo)用(yong)以(yi)托腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)者(zhe)為(wei)(wei)胡琴(qin)、為(wei)(wei)月琴(qin)、故日琴(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”“明(ming)末已流(liu)(liu)行內地’’之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)。二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)調(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)源,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)陜西(xi)土(tu)生(sheng)土(tu)長,屬秦(qin)(qin)(qin)聲(sheng)古(gu)調(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種,在漢(han)(han)水流(liu)(liu)域發(fa)展成(cheng)長,是為(wei)(wei)“漢(han)(han)調(diao)”、“漢(han)(han)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”、“西(xi)曲(qu)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”;一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)漢(han)(han)劉邦屯(tun)兵漢(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)時,將漢(han)(han)水中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)游民歌作軍謠,后帶(dai)入(ru)關中(zhong)(zhong)制于樂(le)(le)(le)府,集秦(qin)(qin)(qin)楚樂(le)(le)(le)工傳(chuan)唱,因別(bie)于楚、秦(qin)(qin)(qin)樂(le)(le)(le)及西(xi)域龜茲樂(le)(le)(le)而稱漢(han)(han)調(diao)、秦(qin)(qin)(qin)聲(sheng);一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)源自唐代(dai)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)幡綽(chuo)所(suo)創“簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)冠體(ti)”而得名二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),即(ji)“梨園法曲(qu)說(shuo)(shuo)”;一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)由(you)“徽調(diao)”、“四平調(diao)”衍變;一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)“起于江右(you)”,系“弋陽腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”派(pai)生(sheng),或“西(xi)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”傳(chuan)入(ru)江西(xi),改竹笛、嗩(suo)吶(na)為(wei)(wei)胡琴(qin)伴奏變成(cheng)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)等。西(xi)皮(pi)、二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)西(xi)調(diao)合流(liu)(liu)演變的眾說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong),多(duo)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)明(ming)末清初,在漢(han)(han)水流(liu)(liu)域合成(cheng),先自漢(han)(han)水中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)游順流(liu)(liu)東下荊、襄、武漢(han)(han)得以(yi)發(fa)展,又溯水洄流(liu)(liu)漢(han)(han)水中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)游一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。
漢調二(er)(er)簧在發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)曾(ceng)形成(cheng)安康、漢中(zhong)、商雒(luo)、關中(zhong)等流派(pai),名角層出不(bu)窮。其(qi)腳色共(gong)分(fen)末、凈、生、旦、丑、外、小(xiao)、貼(tie)、老、雜十個行(xing)當,表(biao)演講究細膩精到,唱(chang)腔真(zhen)假嗓并(bing)用,悠(you)揚婉轉。生、老旦一(yi)般用真(zhen)聲(sheng)演唱(chang),旦用假聲(sheng)演唱(chang),凈則使用虎音。其(qi)唱(chang)腔以(yi)西皮、二(er)(er)簧為主,西皮用于表(biao)現愉(yu)快、爽朗的(de)(de)情緒(xu)和(he)場(chang)面,二(er)(er)簧用于表(biao)現悲哀、肅穆(mu)的(de)(de)情緒(xu)和(he)場(chang)面,演唱(chang)中(zhong)根據劇情需要交替(ti)使用,形成(cheng)甜音、苦音之分(fen)。
漢調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)唱腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)分二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)和西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)種(zhong),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)為“上(shang)把(ba)”,曲調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)唱法上(shang)講(jiang)究(jiu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)起板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)落,用(yong)(yong)(yong)“頂牙(ya)子”開(kai)口(kou)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)】、【慢(man)三眼(yan)】等(deng)(deng)十二(er)(er)種(zhong)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)“下(xia)(xia)把(ba)”,唱法上(shang)眼(yan)起板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)落,用(yong)(yong)(yong)“過牙(ya)子”開(kai)口(kou)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)】、【一(yi)(yi)字(zi)】等(deng)(deng)十種(zhong)。二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)的反(fan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)),西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)反(fan)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反(fan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。另外(wai),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)撥子、四平(ping)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、徽(hui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、昆腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)兒腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、吹腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、高(gao)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、看山腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)等(deng)(deng)雜腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)雜調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。如(ru)《牧虎關(guan)(guan)》高(gao)旺(wang),《三搜府》施公皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)徽(hui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)演(yan)唱;《大賜福》、《過二(er)(er)關(guan)(guan)》等(deng)(deng)全用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆曲演(yan)唱;《下(xia)(xia)河東》用(yong)(yong)(yong)吹腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(嗩吶調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao))演(yan)唱;《釘缸》用(yong)(yong)(yong)七句(ju)(ju)半(ban)演(yan)唱;《小放牛》用(yong)(yong)(yong)小調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)演(yan)唱等(deng)(deng)。把(ba)西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)【一(yi)(yi)字(zi)】和【二(er)(er)六】唱調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的過門(men)重(zhong)復(fu)一(yi)(yi)遍(bian)叫做“雙環環”,是洛(luo)鎮二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)的一(yi)(yi)大特色。整個曲調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)委婉不足(zu),質樸(pu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)余,故有(you)(you)(you)(you)“硬腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”之(zhi)說。二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)戲(xi)中,有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)或(huo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)一(yi)(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)到(dao)底的,也有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)曲調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的。有(you)(you)(you)(you)的上(shang)句(ju)(ju)唱二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang),下(xia)(xia)句(ju)(ju)接(jie)西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi);或(huo)前半(ban)句(ju)(ju)唱二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang),后半(ban)句(ju)(ju)唱西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)。如(ru)《二(er)(er)進宮(gong)》“跪臣”一(yi)(yi)節,徐彥(yan)昭前半(ban)句(ju)(ju)用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)【原板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)】唱“嚇壞了定國(guo)王”,楊博(bo)接(jie)“兵部(bu)侍郎”,就變成了西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)【流水(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)】。這(zhe)種(zhong)變調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)改板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的“倒(dao)把(ba)”方式(shi),是漢調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的特點之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
伴奏樂隊的(de)文場使用(yong)胡(hu)琴(qin)、二(er)胡(hu)、月琴(qin)、三弦、阮(ruan)、嗩(suo)吶(na)、笛子、喇叭等樂器,武場則(ze)使用(yong)牙板、梆子、暴鼓、尖(jian)鼓、鑼、鐃鈸等。漢調二(er)簧的(de)臉譜樣(yang)式眾多,比京劇和秦腔(qiang)更為(wei)考(kao)究,收集(ji)到的(de)有(you)四(si)百五十多個。
唱腔(qiang)(qiang)音(yin)樂中(zhong)有(you)(you)西皮類九(jiu)種(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式,如【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【慢一字】【一字】【二(er)流】【三流】【浪(lang)里鉆(zhan)】【撩子(zi)(zi)】【滾白】【灑(sa)頭】;二(er)簧類板(ban)(ban)(ban)式有(you)(you)【導板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【回龍(long)】【慢一字】【一字】【扣扣板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【平(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)】【浪(lang)里鉆(zhan)】【撩子(zi)(zi)】八種(zhong)。各種(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式的起板(ban)(ban)(ban)、轉(zhuan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、落板(ban)(ban)(ban)都有(you)(you)一定(ding)規律(lv);唱腔(qiang)(qiang)也兼用一些昆曲(qu),吹腔(qiang)(qiang)和民(min)間小調。
漢(han)調二簧傳(chuan)統劇(ju)目豐(feng)富(fu),僅安(an)康一地就(jiu)有一千(qian)二百多種(zhong),已(yi)挖(wa)掘整理出(chu)本戲(xi)420個(ge),折子戲(xi)517個(ge)。這(zhe)些(xie)劇(ju)目的(de)題材多取自《東(dong)周(zhou)列國(guo)志(zhi)》《三國(guo)演義(yi)》《封神演義(yi)》及其(qi)他歷史故(gu)事和(he)民間(jian)傳(chuan)說(shuo),其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)代(dai)表(biao)性劇(ju)目有《文(wen)姬辨琴》《胡笳十八拍(pai)》《戰蚩尤》《嘗(chang)百草》《簧天蕩》《清風亭》《二度梅(mei)》《打龍棚》《梁紅玉》等。
嘉(jia)慶至(zhi)(zhi)道光(guang)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1796—1850),楊金年(nian)(nian)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西鄉(xiang)開(kai)辦(ban)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)出(chu)科(ke)(ke)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術人(ren),分赴漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)地(di)(di)搭班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或自(zi)行組(zu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演出(chu),并(bing)(bing)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)授徒(tu)。使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)地(di)(di)扎下(xia)了根(gen)子(zi),出(chu)現了職(zhi)業(ye)戲(xi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)仁豐(feng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)榮(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),于(yu)道光(guang)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)前后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),還去(qu)湖北、安(an)(an)康等(deng)地(di)(di)演出(chu)。楊金年(nian)(nian)、查來(lai)(lai)松(song)及張清(qing)壽(人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)“活靈官”),又(you)接辦(ban)了永、青(qing)長(chang)三(san)(san)科(ke)(ke),培(pei)訓(xun)出(chu)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren),又(you)分別組(zu)建起長(chang)勝(sheng)、青(qing)云、永太等(deng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),并(bing)(bing)跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)又(you)代培(pei)出(chu)太、周(zhou)、萬字輩藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren),壯大(da)了二簧(huang)(huang)力(li)量(liang),形成(cheng)了上(shang)河(he)調(diao)(漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水上(shang)流(liu),當地(di)(di)欲稱(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)河(he))二簧(huang)(huang)。張清(qing)壽死(si)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)葬于(yu)鎮巴縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城東北角,其第子(zi)于(yu)墳側(ce)修建“靈官廟”一(yi)(yi)座,廟內存有張的(de)(de)塑(su)像,成(cheng)為(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)世漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)祭祖之(zhi)地(di)(di)。光(guang)緒年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(1875—1908)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)(nan)鄭等(deng)地(di)(di),又(you)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)辦(ban)起了大(da)同社(she)(she)(she)、福慶班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、雙慶班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)(she)。光(guang)緒三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1907)楊偉堂、蘇巒玉、趙某(山陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren))、賀保(bao)保(bao)(安(an)(an)康人(ren)),合(he)伙(huo)于(yu)南(nan)(nan)鄭縣(xian)(xian)(xian)秦家壩大(da)安(an)(an)寺開(kai)辦(ban)了天(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),共(gong)收學(xue)徒(tu)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)人(ren),為(wei)當時漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)的(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),西鄉(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)九(jiu)榮(rong)兩(liang)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)人(ren)被接納入天(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),人(ren)員多達百余(yu)人(ren)以上(shang),曾(ceng)開(kai)往(wang)四川演出(chu)。宣統(tong)二年(nian)(nian)(1910)于(yu)成(cheng)都(dou)首場演出(chu)《滿(man)床(chuang)笏(hu)》,轟動一(yi)(yi)時。至(zhi)(zhi)辛亥革(ge)命后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),李偉堂才率(lv)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)返(fan)回漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。不久,戲(xi)箱交由鄭天(tian)滿(man)領管,改天(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)興(xing)(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)(she)(she),成(cheng)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二簧(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)力(li)。以后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),馬天(tian)慶(領班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))與王(wang)吉元、王(wang)來(lai)(lai)壽等(deng),跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶(dai)徒(tu)培(pei)訓(xun)出(chu)福、耀、玉、勝(sheng)等(deng)輩學(xue)員,流(liu)布漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),并(bing)(bing)組(zu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演出(chu),遂出(chu)現了寧強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)賀斌班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、胡(hu)家壩的(de)(de)趙開(kai)志班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)唐安(an)(an)榮(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、德燕班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)幾十(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)戲(xi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)派二簧(huang)(huang)開(kai)始出(chu)現了盛期(qi)。抗日戰爭后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi),職(zhi)業(ye)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)(she)僅留有蒲正華(hua)所領的(de)(de)興(xing)(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)(she)(she),二簧(huang)(huang)戲(xi)頓呈衰弱景況。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)成(cheng)立后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),由興(xing)(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)(she)(she)和(he)幾個(ge)業(ye)余(yu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)人(ren)員組(zu)成(cheng)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)平民(min)劇社(she)(she)(she),后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)改為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇團(tuan)。1967年(nian)(nian)解散,1979年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)恢復。1981年(nian)(nian)與漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)文(wen)工團(tuan)合(he)并(bing)(bing),取名漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)(shi)實驗劇團(tuan)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)語音接近四川,唱腔(qiang)具有音調(diao)清(qing)新(xin)(xin)、柔婉(wan)的(de)(de)特點。主(zhu)要(yao)盛行于(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)(nan)鄭、西鄉(xiang)、城固、鎮巴、勉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)地(di)(di)。
自(zi)乾(qian)隆(long)(1736—1795),蒿坪河二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)乾(qian)勝班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、泰豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)后(hou)(hou),至道光(guang)年(nian)間(1821—1850),又有漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)榮班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中派)、仁(ren)豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、宜(yi)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)相繼演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。咸豐十(shi)年(nian)(1860)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)籍藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)范仁(ren)寶(bao)(渾(hun)名范驢(lv)子)從湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)房縣(xian)大(da)覺寺率領瑞仁(ren)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)回安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang),于(yu)城(cheng)內(nei)三義(yi)廟(miao)搭臺售(shou)票(piao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),又在金(jin)堂寺、萬壽(shou)寺開科(ke)授徒,培(pei)(pei)養(yang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)瑞、彩(cai)(cai)、方、盛四科(ke)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)。該班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)陣容(rong)整齊,行(xing)當齊全(quan),其唱腔(qiang)雜有湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)民間曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)(diao),人(ren)(ren)稱下河調(diao)(diao)(diao),具有唱腔(qiang)清(qing)新悅耳,表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)細(xi)膩(ni)神(shen)奇的(de)風格,習者眾多,使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)得到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)足新悅耳,表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)細(xi)膩(ni)神(shen)奇的(de)風格,習者眾多,使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)得到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)長(chang)足發(fa)展。同(tong)(tong)治年(nian)間(1862—1874)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)的(de)方、盛兩科(ke)藝(yi)(yi)術人(ren)(ren),先后(hou)(hou)入關中、四川演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu);瑞、彩(cai)(cai)科(ke)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)長(chang)期駐足于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地(di)(di)區(qu),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)在唱腔(qiang)、表(biao)(biao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)等方面發(fa)生了(le)(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)大(da)變化(hua)。清(qing)末民案初,安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)各地(di)(di)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)日(ri)益(yi)增(zeng)多,最有影響的(de)為十(shi)三太(tai)(tai)字班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。即金(jin)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、福(fu)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、鼎(ding)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、廣太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、隆(long)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、貴太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、仁(ren)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、榮太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、盛太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、喜太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、治太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、裕太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和德(de)太(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。后(hou)(hou)因(yin)連年(nian)災荒,兵匪橫(heng)行(xing),班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)解體。民國八年(nian)(1919)年(nian)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)凌成(cheng)佑(you),在城(cheng)防駐軍北(bei)(bei)(bei)洋第(di)七師的(de)支持下,成(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)同(tong)(tong)心(xin)社(she),以安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)城(cheng)為大(da)本營(ying),于(yu)陜(shan)(shan)南漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)各縣(xian)廟(miao)會(hui)、商會(hui)、鄉鎮售(shou)票(piao)演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)再(zai)一次起(qi)興(xing)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)有青衣泰斗(dou)陳長(chang)庚(geng),凈(jing)角陳天(tian)靜、知長(chang)福(fu),花旦閻保林,丑(chou)角范大(da)德(de)、梁金(jin)玉,生角徐茂才、黃大(da)架(jia),小生孫玉寶(bao)、李(li)玉喜及(ji)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)第(di)一代(dai)女藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)鐘玉鳳、郭玉蓮等。抗日(ri)戰爭(zheng)爆發(fa)后(hou)(hou),京(jing)、滬各地(di)(di)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)逃(tao)至陜(shan)(shan)南,京(jing)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、越劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、話劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)及(ji)秦腔(qiang)傳入安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang),安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)又走向(xiang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)低谷。凌成(cheng)佑(you)不(bu)甘(gan)現(xian)狀(zhuang),在同(tong)(tong)心(xin)社(she)開辦(ban)科(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),培(pei)(pei)養(yang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一批二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)藝(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)再(zai)度出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)回升之勢。中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和國成(cheng)立(li)后(hou)(hou),安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地(di)(di)方政府將同(tong)(tong)心(xin)社(she)與(yu)西關自(zi)樂社(she)合(he)并成(cheng)立(li)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)民劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院,先后(hou)(hou)排演(yan)(yan)(yan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)《小二黑結(jie)婚》、《窮人(ren)(ren)恨》、《九件衣》、《北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)四十(shi)天(tian)》等劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)目(mu),受到(dao)觀(guan)眾歡迎。1956年(nian)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)民劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)院改為安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)縣(xian)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團(tuan)。專區(qu)各縣(xian)也先后(hou)(hou)成(cheng)立(li)起(qi)縣(xian)屬專業漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)團(tuan),從業人(ren)(ren)員達(da)三百(bai)余人(ren)(ren)。1959年(nian)陜(shan)(shan)西省戲(xi)(xi)曲(qu)學校設立(li)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),為漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)學員七十(shi)五名,充實了(le)(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)新生力量(liang)。1981年(nian)陜(shan)(shan)西省文化(hua)局(ju)于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)舉行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)首(shou)屆漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)會(hui)演(yan)(yan)(yan),名流(liu)(liu)(liu)薈萃,各呈異彩(cai)(cai),把二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)戲(xi)(xi)推到(dao)一個新的(de)階段(duan)。安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)二簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)擅(shan)演(yan)(yan)(yan)文戲(xi)(xi),唱腔(qiang)秀麗、委婉,主要流(liu)(liu)(liu)行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)、旬陽、紫(zi)陽、平利、白河、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)陰(yin)、石泉等地(di)(di)。
流(liu)行(xing)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)、三(san)原、涇(jing)陽、鳳(feng)翔、長安(an)、藍田、周至、戶縣、咸陽、耀(yao)縣等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)。注重唱(chang)(chang)工,劇(ju)本水詞少(shao),正、悲劇(ju)多(duo),曲牌(pai)、打擊樂(le)多(duo)帶秦腔風(feng)味。最得(de)文人(ren)(ren)、商(shang)紳、旗、滿、回(hui)民(min)和(he)(he)軍(jun)(jun)政要人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)喜好。嘉慶末年,漢(han)中(zhong)來字(zi)輩出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)學生賀鴻(hong)生,領班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)往(wang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)寶(bao)雞(ji)、虢鎮、周至、戶縣、涇(jing)陽、三(san)原、富平(ping)及西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)南(nan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。受其(qi)影響,涇(jing)陽、長安(an)、周至等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di),亦先后組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)起二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)。光緒(xu)年間(1875—1908),出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了三(san)原的(de)(de)清義(yi)(yi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),涇(jing)陽吳寡(gua)婦(fu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),并(bing)開始有(you)坤伶清唱(chang)(chang)或掛衣登臺(tai)。吳寡(gua)婦(fu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)搜羅(luo)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren),延聘(pin)文人(ren)(ren)修改劇(ju)本,聲(sheng)譽日增。慈禧太后逃(tao)至西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)后,該班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)曾應詔承奉(feng)獻演(yan)(yan),得(de)到慈禧贈匾嘉獎。辛亥(hai)革(ge)命后,陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)督都張翔初,革(ge)命軍(jun)(jun)師長張云山(shan)(shan),支持(chi)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)創(chuang)辦(ban)了二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)鳴(ming)盛學社(she)(she),先后培養學員二(er)百(bai)余人(ren)(ren),成為關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)(di)區二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)最大(da)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。教師有(you)趙(zhao)安(an)子、吳李乾等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)員有(you)山(shan)(shan)鳴(ming)歧、劉(liu)鳴(ming)祥、張鳴(ming)峰、雷鳴(ming)震等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),成為關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)中(zhong)堅力(li)量,曾受聘(pin)于(yu)(yu)四川、甘肅(su)、河南(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)(di)傳藝(yi)和(he)(he)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)主要劇(ju)目有(you)《火輪牌(pai)》、《汜水關(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《破(po)桃山(shan)(shan)》、《出(chu)(chu)(chu)五關(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《過(guo)巴州》、《鎖陽城》、《四平(ping)山(shan)(shan)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。1925年駐軍(jun)(jun)賈興(xing)運組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一時而解(jie)體。1931年,藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)王安(an)奎創(chuang)辦(ban)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),培養出(chu)(chu)(chu)演(yan)(yan)員劉(liu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俊(jun)、劉(liu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝、馮志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才、邵志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)、董(dong)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰(jie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),同(tong)時還出(chu)(chu)(chu)現有(you)慶義(yi)(yi)社(she)(she)和(he)(he)中(zhong)興(xing)社(she)(she),因難(nan)以(yi)立(li)足西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)而多(duo)巡回(hui)于(yu)(yu)外(wai)縣演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。1949年初,原“鳴(ming)盛學社(she)(she)”、“慶義(yi)(yi)社(she)(she)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)漢(han)調(diao)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)合并(bing)為“大(da)眾劇(ju)社(she)(she)”,活動(dong)三(san)年散班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。自此(ci),關(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)(di)區再無專業二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)劇(ju)團(tuan),僅西(xi)(xi)(xi)安(an)、藍田、戶縣尚有(you)二(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)研究會,經常組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)一些業余演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)活動(dong)。
盛行于鎮安(an)(an)、山(shan)陽、商縣、洛(luo)(luo)(luo)南(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)。向以(yi)武(wu)戲見長,演《八蠟廟》、《紅桃山(shan)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)劇,使用(yong)真(zhen)槍真(zhen)刀。同治(zhi)、光(guang)緒年(nian)間(jian)(1862—1908),出(chu)科于漢中(zhong)(zhong)西鄉沙河坎楊金年(nian)科班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)名藝(yi)人(ren)賀鴻生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),曾(ceng)從湖北(bei)、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)往返于商洛(luo)(luo)(luo)地(di)區(qu)傳播二簧(huang),培養出(chu)趙安(an)(an)子、吳(wu)寶卿、演技超群(qun),頗受(shou)觀眾歡(huan)迎。光(guang)緒二十四年(nian)(1898),清(qing)廷還(huan)詔趙、吳(wu)進宮演唱。姚政班(ban)(ban)先后(hou)舉辦科班(ban)(ban),培養出(chu)“廣(guang)”、“慶(qing)(qing)”兩科藝(yi)人(ren)五(wu)(wu)十余(yu)名,壯大了(le)洛(luo)(luo)(luo)鎮二簧(huang)的(de)(de)(de)演出(chu)隊伍。二十世紀二、三(san)(san)十年(nian)代,二簧(huang)戲繼(ji)續發(fa)展,出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)班(ban)(ban)社(she)有柞水縣北(bei)河代大爺班(ban)(ban),商縣城(cheng)內(nei)孔海山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)商山(shan)升平(ping)社(she),商縣北(bei)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)屈映南(nan)班(ban)(ban),鎮安(an)(an)縣城(cheng)姚再勝的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)福(fu)(fu)班(ban)(ban),云蓋(gai)寺的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)樂(le)社(she)和(he)柞水石(shi)鎮、商縣黑龍口(kou)、韓(han)峪川(chuan)、楊斜(xie)、東(dong)鄉等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)二簧(huang)班(ban)(ban),共十余(yu)個(ge)。藝(yi)人(ren)有代大爺班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)劉五(wu)(wu)燕(yan)(紅生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、武(wu)旦(dan))、張(zhang)志富(二凈)、朱長福(fu)(fu)(外(wai))、龔金娃(末)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),五(wu)(wu)福(fu)(fu)班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)尹(yin)榮山(shan)(凈)、董興(xing)平(ping)(旦(dan))、金雙慶(qing)(qing)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))、雷鳴震(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),安(an)(an)樂(le)社(she)的(de)(de)(de)羅福(fu)(fu)娃、陳大炮、劉子勝(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng))、張(zhang)長生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(丑)、高志海(旦(dan))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),商縣、山(shan)陽、柞水縣各班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)李保林、王廣(guang)翠、陳剛(gang)娃、黃亮子、呂慶(qing)(qing)華、張(zhang)慶(qing)(qing)鴻等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。演出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)劇目主要有《斬(zhan)黃袍(pao)》《天水關(guan)》《端(duan)午門(men)(men)》《受(shou)禪臺》《天才吃饃(mo)》《南(nan)北(bei)會》《洪羊洞(dong)》《白(bai)門(men)(men)樓(lou)》《清(qing)河橋》《大開榜》《元宵謎》《梵王宮》《漁舟配(pei)》《鼓滾劉封》《雙投唐》《草橋關(guan)》《月(yue)明樓(lou)》《望兒樓(lou)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭(zheng)(zheng)期間(jian),洛(luo)(luo)(luo)鎮漢調二簧(huang)呈現蕭條之勢,不少班(ban)(ban)社(she)解(jie)體。至抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭(zheng)(zheng)末期,只(zhi)有柞水抗(kang)建(jian)劇團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)、鎮安(an)(an)三(san)(san)勝班(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)還(huan)在(zai)演出(chu)。中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國成立后(hou),1955年(nian)5月(yue)以(yi)大同社(she)和(he)抗(kang)建(jian)劇團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)為基礎建(jian)立了(le)商洛(luo)(luo)(luo)新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)劇團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan),1956年(nian)秋(qiu),鎮安(an)(an)縣以(yi)三(san)(san)勝班(ban)(ban)為基礎組(zu)建(jian)了(le)群(qun)眾劇團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)。1957年(nian)后(hou)又相繼(ji)組(zu)建(jian)成立了(le)山(shan)陽縣和(he)鎮安(an)(an)縣兩個(ge)縣級(ji)專業漢劇團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan),經(jing)常于本縣及(ji)商縣、洛(luo)(luo)(luo)南(nan)、丹鳳等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)巡(xun)回(hui)演出(chu)。并招(zhao)收(shou)學員(yuan),培養出(chu)武(wu)新(xin)艾等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一批演員(yuan)。
經研(yan)究(jiu)認定(ding),漢調二簧(huang)形成較早,各地其他皮簧(huang)聲腔劇(ju)種都(dou)與之存(cun)在淵源關(guan)系,它對(dui)川劇(ju)、徽(hui)劇(ju)、京劇(ju)等(deng)的形成和發(fa)展有著不可忽略的影(ying)響。
如今,漢調(diao)二簧觀眾銳減,經濟(ji)上(shang)出現困難,不斷走(zou)向衰落,專業劇團紛(fen)紛(fen)解(jie)散,僅剩(sheng)下安(an)康漢濱區一個(ge)劇團還在維持(chi)演出,而且這個(ge)惟一的(de)劇團也正(zheng)瀕臨解(jie)散的(de)危(wei)機(ji)。在此情勢下,有(you)必要大聲呼吁,應該盡(jin)快對這一古老(lao)劇種(zhong)進(jin)行搶救和保護。
龔(gong)尚武,男,漢族,1937年生,陜西漢陰人(ren),第二批國家級非(fei)物質(zhi)文化遺產項目漢調(diao)二簧代表(biao)性傳承人(ren)。
王發(fa)蕓(yun),女,漢族,1941年生,陜(shan)西安康人,國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)演(yan)員,第(di)二(er)批(pi)國家(jia)(jia)級(ji)非物質文化遺產(chan)項目漢調二(er)簧代表性傳承人。
1956年,陜西省文化局及(ji)陜西省劇目工(gong)作室在(zai)安康設立專區戲曲發掘組,全面組織二黃老藝人們口述傳代輩份(fen)、班(ban)社(she)來(lai)往(wang)和源流沿革;以及(ji)迄(qi)今對古戲樓遺存至今的(de)班(ban)社(she)壁題留字。
2019年11月(yue),《國(guo)家級非物質文化遺產(chan)代表性項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)保(bao)護(hu)單位名(ming)單》公(gong)布,安康市群眾(zhong)藝術館(guan)、竹溪縣山二黃劇種保(bao)護(hu)傳承(cheng)展演中心獲得“漢調二簧”項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)保(bao)護(hu)單位資格。
重要演出
1981年(nian),陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)文化廳在安康舉辦(ban)“陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)首屆(jie)漢劇會演”,陜(shan)南地(di)區有十余個專(zhuan)業(ye)劇團參加演出,出現了(le)空前繁榮(rong)的(de)局面(mian)。
2015年(nian)10月16日晚,為喜迎“第十(shi)一(yi)屆中國文化藝術節(jie)”倒(dao)計時(shi)一(yi)周年(nian),由寧(ning)陜(shan)縣文廣局主辦(ban)、廣貨街鎮沙溝(gou)漢(han)劇自(zi)樂班社承辦(ban)的漢(han)調二(er)黃(huang)專(zhuan)場演出(chu)在(zai)寧(ning)陜(shan)縣電影院精彩上演。
榮譽表彰
2012年,平(ping)利(li)縣選送(song)的漢調(diao)二(er)黃(huang)戲《八仙游(you)八仙》在首屆漢調(diao)二(er)黃(huang)自樂班(ban)社擂(lei)臺賽中(zhong)榮獲一等獎(jiang)。