1、漢調二簧(湖北省),編號:Ⅳ-31
(1)批(pi)次/類型:2008年(第二批(pi)),擴展項(xiang)目
(2)申報地區(qu)或單(dan)位(wei):湖北省竹(zhu)溪縣
(3)保護單位(wei):竹溪縣(xian)山二黃劇種保護傳承(cheng)展(zhan)演中心(xin)
2、漢調二簧(陜西省),編號:Ⅳ-31
(1)批(pi)次/類(lei)型:2006年(第一批(pi)),新增(zeng)項(xiang)目
(2)申報地區或單(dan)位:陜西省(sheng)安康(kang)市
(3)保護單位(wei):安康市(shi)群(qun)眾藝術館(guan)
漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)系(xi)板腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體,以(yi)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主要聲腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),屬(shu)(shu)“皮(pi)(pi)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)系(xi)”劇種(zhong)。二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)兩種(zhong)不(bu)同的腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)。其腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調(diao)考(kao)原至今(jin)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)諸說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)并(bing)存。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)(wei),西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)調(diao)源(yuan)(yuan)于陜、甘一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶、即(ji)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)本甘肅腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、所用以(yi)托腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)胡(hu)琴(qin)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)月琴(qin)、故(gu)日琴(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”“明末已流(liu)行內(nei)地’’之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)調(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)陜西(xi)(xi)(xi)土生土長,屬(shu)(shu)秦(qin)聲古調(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong),在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)流(liu)域(yu)發展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)(cheng)長,是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)”、“漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”、“西(xi)(xi)(xi)曲(qu)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)”;一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劉邦屯兵漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),將漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上游(you)民歌(ge)作軍謠,后(hou)帶入(ru)(ru)關中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制于樂府,集(ji)秦(qin)楚樂工傳(chuan)唱,因別于楚、秦(qin)樂及西(xi)(xi)(xi)域(yu)龜茲樂而稱漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)、秦(qin)聲;一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)唐代簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)幡綽所創“簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)冠體”而得名二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),即(ji)“梨(li)園法曲(qu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”;一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)由“徽調(diao)”、“四(si)平(ping)調(diao)”衍變(bian);一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)“起(qi)于江右”,系(xi)“弋陽腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”派生,或“西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦(qin)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”傳(chuan)入(ru)(ru)江西(xi)(xi)(xi),改竹笛、嗩(suo)吶為(wei)(wei)(wei)胡(hu)琴(qin)伴(ban)奏變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)等。西(xi)(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)、二(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)調(diao)合(he)(he)流(liu)演變(bian)的眾說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),多(duo)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)明末清初,在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)流(liu)域(yu)合(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng),先自(zi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上游(you)順(shun)流(liu)東下荊、襄、武(wu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)得以(yi)發展(zhan)(zhan),又溯(su)水(shui)洄(hui)流(liu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上游(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。
漢調二簧(huang)在(zai)發展(zhan)中曾形(xing)(xing)成安康(kang)、漢中、商雒、關中等流派,名角層出(chu)不窮。其(qi)腳色共(gong)分末(mo)、凈、生、旦、丑、外、小、貼、老(lao)、雜十個(ge)行當,表(biao)(biao)演(yan)講究細膩(ni)精到(dao),唱(chang)腔真假嗓(sang)并(bing)用(yong),悠揚婉轉。生、老(lao)旦一(yi)般用(yong)真聲演(yan)唱(chang),旦用(yong)假聲演(yan)唱(chang),凈則(ze)使(shi)用(yong)虎音(yin)。其(qi)唱(chang)腔以西(xi)皮(pi)、二簧(huang)為主,西(xi)皮(pi)用(yong)于表(biao)(biao)現愉快、爽朗的(de)情緒和(he)場面(mian)(mian),二簧(huang)用(yong)于表(biao)(biao)現悲哀、肅穆的(de)情緒和(he)場面(mian)(mian),演(yan)唱(chang)中根據劇情需要交(jiao)替使(shi)用(yong),形(xing)(xing)成甜音(yin)、苦音(yin)之分。
漢(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)分二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)和(he)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)種(zhong),俗稱(cheng)(cheng)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)為“上(shang)把(ba)(ba)”,曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)唱(chang)法上(shang)講究板(ban)(ban)起板(ban)(ban)落(luo),用(yong)(yong)(yong)“頂(ding)牙子(zi)”開(kai)口。板(ban)(ban)式(shi)有【導板(ban)(ban)】、【慢三眼】等十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)種(zhong)。西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)“下(xia)把(ba)(ba)”,唱(chang)法上(shang)眼起板(ban)(ban)落(luo),用(yong)(yong)(yong)“過(guo)牙子(zi)”開(kai)口。板(ban)(ban)式(shi)有【導板(ban)(ban)】、【一(yi)字(zi)】等十(shi)(shi)種(zhong)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)反調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)(陽板(ban)(ban)),西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)反調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)稱(cheng)(cheng)反西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。另外,還(huan)有高撥子(zi)、四平調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、徽(hui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、昆腔(qiang)(qiang)、板(ban)(ban)兒(er)腔(qiang)(qiang)、吹(chui)腔(qiang)(qiang)、高腔(qiang)(qiang)、看山(shan)腔(qiang)(qiang)等雜(za)腔(qiang)(qiang)雜(za)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。如(ru)《牧虎關》高旺,《三搜府》施公皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)徽(hui)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)演(yan)唱(chang);《大(da)賜福》、《過(guo)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)關》等全用(yong)(yong)(yong)昆曲(qu)演(yan)唱(chang);《下(xia)河東》用(yong)(yong)(yong)吹(chui)腔(qiang)(qiang)(嗩吶調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao))演(yan)唱(chang);《釘(ding)缸》用(yong)(yong)(yong)七句半演(yan)唱(chang);《小放(fang)牛》用(yong)(yong)(yong)小調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)演(yan)唱(chang)等。把(ba)(ba)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)【一(yi)字(zi)】和(he)【二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)六(liu)】唱(chang)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)門重(zhong)復一(yi)遍叫(jiao)做(zuo)“雙環環”,是(shi)洛(luo)鎮二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)特色。整個曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)委婉不足(zu),質(zhi)樸(pu)有余,故有“硬腔(qiang)(qiang)”之說。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)戲中,有二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)或西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)一(yi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)到(dao)底的(de)(de)(de),也(ye)有兩(liang)種(zhong)曲(qu)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)。有的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)句唱(chang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang),下(xia)句接(jie)(jie)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi);或前(qian)半句唱(chang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang),后(hou)半句唱(chang)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。如(ru)《二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進宮》“跪臣”一(yi)節,徐(xu)彥(yan)昭前(qian)半句用(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)【原板(ban)(ban)】唱(chang)“嚇壞(huai)了(le)(le)定(ding)國王”,楊博接(jie)(jie)“兵部侍郎”,就變成了(le)(le)西(xi)(xi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)【流水(shui)板(ban)(ban)】。這(zhe)種(zhong)變調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)改板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)“倒把(ba)(ba)”方式(shi),是(shi)漢(han)調(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)聲腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)特點之一(yi)。
伴奏樂隊的文場使(shi)用(yong)胡(hu)琴、二胡(hu)、月琴、三弦、阮、嗩吶、笛(di)子、喇叭等樂器(qi),武場則使(shi)用(yong)牙板、梆子、暴鼓、尖鼓、鑼、鐃鈸(ba)等。漢調二簧的臉(lian)譜樣式(shi)眾多(duo),比京(jing)劇和秦(qin)腔更為考(kao)究(jiu),收(shou)集到的有四百五十多(duo)個。
唱腔音樂中有西皮類(lei)(lei)九種板(ban)式,如【導板(ban)】【慢(man)一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】【一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】【二(er)流】【三流】【浪里鉆】【撩子】【滾白】【灑頭】;二(er)簧類(lei)(lei)板(ban)式有【導板(ban)】【回(hui)龍】【慢(man)一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】【一(yi)字(zi)(zi)】【扣扣板(ban)】【平板(ban)】【浪里鉆】【撩子】八種。各種板(ban)式的起板(ban)、轉板(ban)、落板(ban)都有一(yi)定規律;唱腔也兼用(yong)一(yi)些昆曲,吹腔和民(min)間小(xiao)調。
漢調二(er)簧(huang)傳(chuan)統劇目豐富,僅(jin)安康一地(di)就有一千二(er)百多(duo)種,已(yi)挖掘整理出(chu)本戲(xi)420個,折子戲(xi)517個。這些(xie)劇目的題材多(duo)取自《東周列國志》《三國演義(yi)》《封神演義(yi)》及(ji)其他歷史故事和民間傳(chuan)說(shuo),其中的代表(biao)性劇目有《文姬辨琴(qin)》《胡(hu)笳十八拍》《戰蚩尤(you)》《嘗(chang)百草》《簧(huang)天蕩》《清風(feng)亭》《二(er)度(du)梅》《打龍棚》《梁(liang)紅玉》等。
嘉慶(qing)至道光年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1796—1850),楊金年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)辦(ban)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)藝(yi)術人(ren)(ren)(ren),分赴漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)搭(da)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或自(zi)行(xing)組班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),并(bing)(bing)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)授徒(tu)。使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧在漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)扎下了(le)根子,出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)職業(ye)戲班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)仁豐班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)榮(rong)(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),于道光二(er)(er)(er)(er)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou),還去湖北、安(an)康等地(di)(di)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。楊金年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、查來松及張清(qing)(qing)壽(shou)(人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)“活(huo)靈官”),又接(jie)辦(ban)了(le)永(yong)、青(qing)長三科(ke)(ke),培(pei)訓(xun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),又分別組建(jian)起(qi)長勝(sheng)、青(qing)云、永(yong)太等班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),并(bing)(bing)跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)又代培(pei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)太、周、萬字輩(bei)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),壯(zhuang)大(da)了(le)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧力量,形成(cheng)了(le)上(shang)河調(diao)(diao)(漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)水上(shang)流(liu),當地(di)(di)欲(yu)稱(cheng)上(shang)河)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧。張清(qing)(qing)壽(shou)死后(hou)(hou)(hou)葬于鎮巴(ba)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城東北角,其第(di)子于墳側修(xiu)建(jian)“靈官廟”一(yi)座,廟內存有(you)張的(de)塑像,成(cheng)為后(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)祭祖之地(di)(di)。光緒年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1875—1908)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)鄭(zheng)(zheng)等地(di)(di),又先后(hou)(hou)(hou)辦(ban)起(qi)了(le)大(da)同社(she)、福慶(qing)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、雙慶(qing)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)。光緒三十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1907)楊偉堂(tang)、蘇巒玉(yu)、趙某(mou)(山陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren))、賀(he)(he)保(bao)保(bao)(安(an)康人(ren)(ren)(ren)),合(he)伙于南(nan)鄭(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)秦家(jia)壩大(da)安(an)寺開(kai)辦(ban)了(le)天(tian)(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),共收(shou)學徒(tu)七十余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),為當時漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最大(da)的(de)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)(hou),西鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)九榮(rong)(rong)兩(liang)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)四十余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)被接(jie)納入(ru)天(tian)(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),人(ren)(ren)(ren)員多(duo)達百(bai)余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以上(shang),曾開(kai)往(wang)四川演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。宣統二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910)于成(cheng)都(dou)首場演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)《滿床(chuang)笏》,轟動一(yi)時。至辛亥革命(ming)后(hou)(hou)(hou),李偉堂(tang)才率班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)返回(hui)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。不久,戲箱(xiang)交(jiao)由(you)鄭(zheng)(zheng)天(tian)(tian)滿領(ling)管(guan),改天(tian)(tian)泰科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為興(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she),成(cheng)為漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧的(de)主力。以后(hou)(hou)(hou)三十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,馬天(tian)(tian)慶(qing)(領(ling)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))與王吉元、王來壽(shou)等,跟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶徒(tu)培(pei)訓(xun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)福、耀、玉(yu)、勝(sheng)等輩(bei)學員,流(liu)布漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),并(bing)(bing)組班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),遂出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)寧強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)賀(he)(he)斌班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、胡(hu)家(jia)壩的(de)趙開(kai)志(zhi)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、留壩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)唐安(an)榮(rong)(rong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、德燕班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等幾(ji)(ji)十個(ge)戲班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),使漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)派二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧開(kai)始出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)盛(sheng)期。抗日戰爭后(hou)(hou)(hou)期,職業(ye)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)僅留有(you)蒲正華所領(ling)的(de)興(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she),二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧戲頓呈衰弱(ruo)景況。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國成(cheng)立后(hou)(hou)(hou),由(you)興(xing)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)社(she)和幾(ji)(ji)個(ge)業(ye)余(yu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員組成(cheng)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)平民(min)劇(ju)社(she),后(hou)(hou)(hou)改為漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)團(tuan)。1967年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)解散,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)恢復。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)文(wen)工團(tuan)合(he)并(bing)(bing),取名漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)實(shi)驗(yan)劇(ju)團(tuan)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)調(diao)(diao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)簧語音(yin)接(jie)近(jin)四川,唱(chang)腔具有(you)音(yin)調(diao)(diao)清(qing)(qing)新(xin)(xin)、柔婉的(de)特(te)點。主要(yao)盛(sheng)行(xing)于漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南(nan)鄭(zheng)(zheng)、西鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、城固、鎮巴(ba)、勉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等地(di)(di)。
自乾(qian)隆(1736—1795),蒿坪河(he)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)乾(qian)勝班(ban)(ban)、泰(tai)豐班(ban)(ban)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)后(hou),至道光年間(jian)(1821—1850),又(you)有(you)漢(han)(han)(han)榮班(ban)(ban)(漢(han)(han)(han)中(zhong)派)、仁(ren)豐班(ban)(ban)、宜太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)相繼演(yan)出(chu)(chu)。咸豐十年(1860)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)籍(ji)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范仁(ren)寶(bao)(渾(hun)名范驢(lv)子)從湖北(bei)房縣(xian)大(da)(da)覺寺率領瑞(rui)仁(ren)班(ban)(ban)回安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang),于城(cheng)內三義(yi)廟搭臺售票演(yan)出(chu)(chu),又(you)在(zai)金(jin)堂寺、萬壽寺開(kai)科(ke)授徒,培(pei)(pei)養出(chu)(chu)瑞(rui)、彩、方(fang)、盛四(si)科(ke)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。該(gai)班(ban)(ban)陣容整齊(qi)(qi),行(xing)當齊(qi)(qi)全,其唱(chang)腔雜有(you)湖北(bei)民間(jian)曲(qu)調,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)下河(he)調,具有(you)唱(chang)腔清(qing)新(xin)悅耳,表(biao)演(yan)細(xi)膩神奇的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge),習(xi)者(zhe)眾多(duo)(duo),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)調二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)長足(zu)新(xin)悅耳,表(biao)演(yan)細(xi)膩神奇的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge),習(xi)者(zhe)眾多(duo)(duo),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)調二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)長足(zu)發展(zhan)。同(tong)(tong)治年間(jian)(1862—1874)出(chu)(chu)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)、盛兩科(ke)藝(yi)術人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),先后(hou)入關中(zhong)、四(si)川演(yan)出(chu)(chu);瑞(rui)、彩科(ke)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)長期(qi)駐(zhu)足(zu)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地區(qu),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)調二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)在(zai)唱(chang)腔、表(biao)演(yan)等(deng)方(fang)面發生了(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)大(da)(da)變化(hua)。清(qing)末民案初,安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)各(ge)地班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)日益增多(duo)(duo),最有(you)影響的(de)(de)(de)為十三太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)字班(ban)(ban)。即金(jin)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、福(fu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、鼎太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、廣(guang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、隆太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、貴太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、仁(ren)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、榮太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、盛太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、喜(xi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、治太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)、裕太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)和德太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)班(ban)(ban)。后(hou)因連(lian)年災荒(huang),兵匪(fei)橫行(xing),班(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)紛紛解體(ti)。民國八(ba)年(1919)年安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)凌成(cheng)(cheng)佑,在(zai)城(cheng)防駐(zhu)軍北(bei)洋(yang)第七(qi)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)支持下,成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)同(tong)(tong)心社(she)(she),以安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)城(cheng)為大(da)(da)本營,于陜(shan)南漢(han)(han)(han)水流域各(ge)縣(xian)廟會、商會、鄉鎮售票演(yan)出(chu)(chu),二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)再一次起(qi)(qi)興。出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)青(qing)衣泰(tai)斗陳(chen)(chen)長庚,凈角陳(chen)(chen)天靜、知長福(fu),花旦閻保林(lin),丑(chou)角范大(da)(da)德、梁金(jin)玉(yu)(yu),生角徐茂才、黃(huang)大(da)(da)架,小生孫(sun)玉(yu)(yu)寶(bao)、李(li)玉(yu)(yu)喜(xi)及安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)第一代女藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)鐘(zhong)玉(yu)(yu)鳳、郭玉(yu)(yu)蓮(lian)等(deng)。抗(kang)日戰爭(zheng)爆發后(hou),京(jing)、滬各(ge)地藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逃至陜(shan)南,京(jing)劇(ju)(ju)、越劇(ju)(ju)、曲(qu)劇(ju)(ju)、話(hua)劇(ju)(ju)及秦腔傳入安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)又(you)走向了(le)(le)(le)低谷。凌成(cheng)(cheng)佑不甘現(xian)(xian)狀,在(zai)同(tong)(tong)心社(she)(she)開(kai)辦科(ke)班(ban)(ban),培(pei)(pei)養了(le)(le)(le)一批二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)藝(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),使(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)再度出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)回升之勢。中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)后(hou),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)地方(fang)政府將同(tong)(tong)心社(she)(she)與西關自樂社(she)(she)合并(bing)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民劇(ju)(ju)院,先后(hou)排演(yan)了(le)(le)(le)《小二(er)(er)黑結婚(hun)》、《窮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)恨》、《九件(jian)衣》、《北(bei)京(jing)四(si)十天》等(deng)劇(ju)(ju)目,受到(dao)觀(guan)眾歡迎。1956年安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民劇(ju)(ju)院改為安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)縣(xian)漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)團。專區(qu)各(ge)縣(xian)也(ye)先后(hou)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)起(qi)(qi)縣(xian)屬(shu)專業漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)團,從業人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員達三百余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1959年陜(shan)西省戲(xi)曲(qu)學校設(she)立(li)漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)班(ban)(ban),為漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)培(pei)(pei)養學員七(qi)十五名,充實了(le)(le)(le)漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)新(xin)生力(li)量。1981年陜(shan)西省文化(hua)局(ju)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)舉行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)首屆漢(han)(han)(han)劇(ju)(ju)會演(yan),名流薈萃,各(ge)呈異(yi)彩,把二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)戲(xi)推到(dao)一個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)。安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)漢(han)(han)(han)調二(er)(er)簧(huang)(huang)(huang)擅演(yan)文戲(xi),唱(chang)腔秀麗、委婉(wan),主要流行(xing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)康(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)、旬(xun)陽、紫陽、平利、白河(he)、漢(han)(han)(han)陰、石泉等(deng)地。
流(liu)行于西(xi)安(an)(an)、三原(yuan)、涇(jing)(jing)陽、鳳翔、長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)、藍田、周至、戶縣(xian)(xian)、咸陽、耀縣(xian)(xian)等(deng)地(di)。注重唱(chang)(chang)工,劇本(ben)水(shui)詞(ci)少,正(zheng)、悲(bei)劇多,曲牌(pai)、打擊樂(le)多帶秦腔(qiang)風味。最得文人(ren)(ren)(ren)、商紳、旗、滿、回(hui)民和軍(jun)政要人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)喜好。嘉慶(qing)末年(nian),漢(han)中(zhong)來字輩出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)學生(sheng)賀鴻生(sheng),領班(ban)(ban)(ban)往關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)寶(bao)雞、虢鎮、周至、戶縣(xian)(xian)、涇(jing)(jing)陽、三原(yuan)、富平及西(xi)安(an)(an)南關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)地(di)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。受(shou)其影響,涇(jing)(jing)陽、長(chang)(chang)安(an)(an)、周至等(deng)地(di),亦先(xian)后組織(zhi)起二(er)(er)簧(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)。光緒(xu)年(nian)間(1875—1908),出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了三原(yuan)的(de)清(qing)義(yi)班(ban)(ban)(ban),涇(jing)(jing)陽吳(wu)寡(gua)婦(fu)班(ban)(ban)(ban),并(bing)開始有(you)(you)坤伶(ling)清(qing)唱(chang)(chang)或(huo)掛衣登(deng)臺。吳(wu)寡(gua)婦(fu)班(ban)(ban)(ban)搜羅(luo)藝人(ren)(ren)(ren),延聘(pin)文人(ren)(ren)(ren)修改劇本(ben),聲譽日增。慈禧太后逃(tao)至西(xi)安(an)(an)后,該(gai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)曾應詔(zhao)承奉獻演(yan),得到慈禧贈(zeng)匾嘉獎。辛亥革(ge)命(ming)(ming)后,陜西(xi)督都張翔初(chu),革(ge)命(ming)(ming)軍(jun)師長(chang)(chang)張云山(shan)(shan),支持(chi)在(zai)西(xi)安(an)(an)創辦了二(er)(er)簧(huang)鳴(ming)(ming)盛(sheng)學社(she)(she),先(xian)后培養學員(yuan)二(er)(er)百(bai)余人(ren)(ren)(ren),成為關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)區二(er)(er)簧(huang)的(de)最大(da)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban)。教師有(you)(you)趙安(an)(an)子、吳(wu)李乾等(deng)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)科(ke)(ke)的(de)演(yan)員(yuan)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)鳴(ming)(ming)歧、劉(liu)(liu)鳴(ming)(ming)祥、張鳴(ming)(ming)峰(feng)、雷鳴(ming)(ming)震等(deng),成為關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)(er)簧(huang)的(de)中(zhong)堅力量,曾受(shou)聘(pin)于四川、甘肅、河南等(deng)地(di)傳藝和演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)二(er)(er)簧(huang)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)主要劇目有(you)(you)《火輪牌(pai)》、《汜(si)水(shui)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《破桃山(shan)(shan)》、《出(chu)(chu)(chu)五關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》、《過巴州》、《鎖陽城》、《四平山(shan)(shan)》等(deng)。1925年(nian)駐(zhu)軍(jun)賈興運組織(zhi)的(de)二(er)(er)簧(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban),演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一時(shi)而解體(ti)。1931年(nian),藝人(ren)(ren)(ren)王(wang)安(an)(an)奎創辦志(zhi)義(yi)科(ke)(ke)班(ban)(ban)(ban),培養出(chu)(chu)(chu)演(yan)員(yuan)劉(liu)(liu)志(zhi)俊、劉(liu)(liu)志(zhi)勝、馮志(zhi)才、邵志(zhi)福(fu)、董志(zhi)杰等(deng),同時(shi)還出(chu)(chu)(chu)現有(you)(you)慶(qing)義(yi)社(she)(she)和中(zhong)興社(she)(she),因難(nan)以立足西(xi)安(an)(an)而多巡回(hui)于外(wai)縣(xian)(xian)演(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。1949年(nian)初(chu),原(yuan)“鳴(ming)(ming)盛(sheng)學社(she)(she)”、“慶(qing)義(yi)社(she)(she)”等(deng)漢(han)調二(er)(er)簧(huang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)合(he)并(bing)為“大(da)眾(zhong)劇社(she)(she)”,活動三年(nian)散班(ban)(ban)(ban)。自此,關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)地(di)區再無(wu)專業(ye)二(er)(er)簧(huang)劇團,僅西(xi)安(an)(an)、藍田、戶縣(xian)(xian)尚有(you)(you)二(er)(er)簧(huang)研究會,經常組織(zhi)一些業(ye)余演(yan)唱(chang)(chang)活動。
盛行(xing)于(yu)(yu)鎮(zhen)安(an)、山陽(yang)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣、洛(luo)(luo)南(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地。向以武(wu)戲(xi)見(jian)長,演(yan)(yan)《八(ba)蠟廟》、《紅桃山》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)劇(ju),使用真(zhen)槍真(zhen)刀。同治、光緒(xu)年間(jian)(1862—1908),出(chu)科于(yu)(yu)漢(han)中西鄉(xiang)沙河坎(kan)楊金(jin)年科班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的名(ming)(ming)藝人(ren)賀鴻生(sheng)(sheng),曾從湖北(bei)(bei)、關(guan)(guan)中往返(fan)于(yu)(yu)商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛(luo)(luo)地區傳播二(er)(er)簧,培(pei)養出(chu)趙安(an)子、吳寶卿、演(yan)(yan)技超(chao)群(qun),頗受觀眾歡迎。光緒(xu)二(er)(er)十(shi)四年(1898),清廷還詔趙、吳進宮(gong)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)。姚(yao)政班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)先后(hou)(hou)舉辦科班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),培(pei)養出(chu)“廣”、“慶(qing)”兩科藝人(ren)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)余名(ming)(ming),壯大(da)(da)了(le)洛(luo)(luo)鎮(zhen)二(er)(er)簧的演(yan)(yan)出(chu)隊伍。二(er)(er)十(shi)世紀(ji)二(er)(er)、三(san)(san)十(shi)年代,二(er)(er)簧戲(xi)繼續發(fa)展,出(chu)現的班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社有(you)柞(zuo)水(shui)縣北(bei)(bei)河代大(da)(da)爺(ye)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣城內孔海山的商(shang)(shang)(shang)山升(sheng)平社,商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣北(bei)(bei)區的屈(qu)映南(nan)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),鎮(zhen)安(an)縣城姚(yao)再(zai)勝(sheng)(sheng)的五(wu)(wu)(wu)福班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),云蓋寺的安(an)樂(le)社和(he)柞(zuo)水(shui)石鎮(zhen)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣黑龍口、韓峪川、楊斜、東鄉(xiang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地的二(er)(er)簧班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),共十(shi)余個。藝人(ren)有(you)代大(da)(da)爺(ye)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的劉(liu)(liu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)燕(紅生(sheng)(sheng)、武(wu)旦(dan))、張志富(二(er)(er)凈)、朱長福(外(wai))、龔金(jin)娃(末)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),五(wu)(wu)(wu)福班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的尹榮山(凈)、董興(xing)平(旦(dan))、金(jin)雙慶(qing)(生(sheng)(sheng))、雷(lei)鳴(ming)震(生(sheng)(sheng))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),安(an)樂(le)社的羅(luo)福娃、陳(chen)大(da)(da)炮、劉(liu)(liu)子勝(sheng)(sheng)(生(sheng)(sheng))、張長生(sheng)(sheng)(丑(chou))、高志海(旦(dan))等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣、山陽(yang)、柞(zuo)水(shui)縣各班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的李(li)保林、王(wang)廣翠、陳(chen)剛娃、黃亮子、呂慶(qing)華、張慶(qing)鴻等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。演(yan)(yan)出(chu)的劇(ju)目主要有(you)《斬黃袍》《天水(shui)關(guan)(guan)》《端午門(men)》《受禪(chan)臺》《天才吃饃》《南(nan)北(bei)(bei)會》《洪(hong)羊洞》《白門(men)樓》《清河橋》《大(da)(da)開榜》《元宵謎》《梵王(wang)宮(gong)》《漁舟配》《鼓滾(gun)劉(liu)(liu)封》《雙投(tou)唐》《草橋關(guan)(guan)》《月(yue)(yue)明樓》《望兒樓》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰爭期間(jian),洛(luo)(luo)鎮(zhen)漢(han)調二(er)(er)簧呈現蕭條(tiao)之勢,不少班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社解體。至抗(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰爭末期,只有(you)柞(zuo)水(shui)抗(kang)(kang)建(jian)(jian)劇(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)、鎮(zhen)安(an)三(san)(san)勝(sheng)(sheng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)還在(zai)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)。中華人(ren)民共和(he)國成立(li)后(hou)(hou),1955年5月(yue)(yue)以大(da)(da)同社和(he)抗(kang)(kang)建(jian)(jian)劇(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)為(wei)基(ji)礎建(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)商(shang)(shang)(shang)洛(luo)(luo)新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)劇(ju)團(tuan)(tuan),1956年秋,鎮(zhen)安(an)縣以三(san)(san)勝(sheng)(sheng)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)基(ji)礎組建(jian)(jian)了(le)群(qun)眾劇(ju)團(tuan)(tuan)。1957年后(hou)(hou)又(you)相繼組建(jian)(jian)成立(li)了(le)山陽(yang)縣和(he)鎮(zhen)安(an)縣兩個縣級專(zhuan)業漢(han)劇(ju)團(tuan)(tuan),經常于(yu)(yu)本縣及商(shang)(shang)(shang)縣、洛(luo)(luo)南(nan)、丹鳳等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地巡回(hui)演(yan)(yan)出(chu)。并招(zhao)收(shou)學員,培(pei)養出(chu)武(wu)新(xin)艾等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一批演(yan)(yan)員。
經研究認定,漢調二簧形(xing)成(cheng)較早,各地其他皮(pi)簧聲腔劇種都與之存在(zai)淵(yuan)源關(guan)系,它對川劇、徽劇、京劇等的(de)形(xing)成(cheng)和發展有著不(bu)可(ke)忽略的(de)影響。
如今,漢(han)調(diao)二簧觀眾銳減,經(jing)濟(ji)上出現困難(nan),不斷走向衰落,專業(ye)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)紛(fen)紛(fen)解散,僅剩(sheng)下安康漢(han)濱區一(yi)個劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)還在維持演出,而且這個惟一(yi)的(de)劇(ju)(ju)團(tuan)也(ye)正瀕臨解散的(de)危機。在此(ci)情勢下,有必要大聲呼(hu)吁,應該盡快對這一(yi)古老(lao)劇(ju)(ju)種進行搶救和(he)保護。
龔尚武,男,漢族,1937年生,陜西漢陰(yin)人,第(di)二批國家級非物質文化遺產項目漢調二簧代表性傳承(cheng)人。
王發蕓,女,漢族,1941年生(sheng),陜西安(an)康人(ren),國家二(er)級(ji)演員,第二(er)批(pi)國家級(ji)非物質文化(hua)遺產項目(mu)漢調二(er)簧(huang)代(dai)表性傳承人(ren)。
1956年,陜(shan)西省文(wen)化(hua)局及(ji)陜(shan)西省劇目工作室(shi)在安(an)康設立專區(qu)戲曲發掘組(zu),全面(mian)組(zu)織二黃老藝人(ren)們口述傳代輩份、班(ban)社來往和(he)源流沿革(ge);以及(ji)迄今對古戲樓(lou)遺存至今的(de)班(ban)社壁題留字(zi)。
2019年11月,《國家級非物(wu)質文化(hua)遺產代(dai)表性項目(mu)保護(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)名單(dan)(dan)(dan)》公布,安(an)康市(shi)群眾藝術館(guan)、竹溪(xi)縣山二黃劇種保護(hu)傳(chuan)承展演中(zhong)心獲得“漢調二簧(huang)”項目(mu)保護(hu)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)資(zi)格。
重要演出
1981年,陜(shan)西省(sheng)文化廳在安康舉辦“陜(shan)西省(sheng)首(shou)屆漢劇會演”,陜(shan)南地區有十(shi)余個專業劇團參加演出,出現(xian)了空前繁榮(rong)的局面。
2015年10月(yue)16日(ri)晚,為喜迎“第十(shi)一(yi)屆中國文化藝術(shu)節”倒(dao)計時一(yi)周(zhou)年,由寧陜縣(xian)文廣局主(zhu)辦、廣貨街鎮沙溝漢(han)(han)劇自(zi)樂班社(she)承辦的漢(han)(han)調二(er)黃(huang)專場演出在寧陜縣(xian)電影院精彩上演。
榮譽表彰
2012年,平利縣(xian)選送(song)的漢調二(er)黃戲《八(ba)仙(xian)游八(ba)仙(xian)》在首屆漢調二(er)黃自樂班社擂(lei)臺賽中榮獲一等獎(jiang)。