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歷史與發展

建(jian)窯(yao)，宋(song)代名(ming)窯(yao)之一，亦稱(cheng)“建(jian)安窯(yao)”、“烏(wu)(wu)泥窯(yao)”，分布在(zai)南平(ping)建(jian)陽水(shui)吉窯(yao)、南平(ping)茶洋窯(yao)、武夷(yi)山遇林亭窯(yao)，三處窯(yao)址(zhi)統稱(cheng)建(jian)窯(yao)系。以燒黑釉瓷聞名(ming)于世。小碗(wan)最多，胎骨烏(wu)(wu)泥色(se)，釉面多條狀結(jie)晶紋(wen)，細如兔(tu)毛，稱(cheng)“兔(tu)毫(hao)盞(zhan)”。也(ye)有燒成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“鷓鴣斑(ban)”，“銀星(xing)斑(ban)”的，別(bie)致美觀。釉下(xia)毫(hao)紋(wen)，是利用(yong)酸性釉料所后成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的酸化痕跡作裝飾，因建(jian)窯(yao)瓷皆仰燒，釉水(shui)下(xia)垂，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)口緣釉色(se)淺。由(you)于器壁斜度不(bu)同，流(liu)速快，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)纖(xian)細毫(hao)紋(wen)，流(liu)速稍慢(man)則粗，就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兔(tu)毫(hao)之狀。有的器底，刻有“供御”和“進”琖等(deng)字(zi)樣，為貢(gong)瓷。

建窯所產的黑釉“建盞”影響十分廣泛，深受日、韓、臺等(deng)(deng)地區茶(cha)道的重視(shi)。其(qi)中(zhong)，“曜變天目”、“油滴建盞”等(deng)(deng)南宋曠世珍品(pin)被日本視(shi)為國寶級文物，飲譽四方。

圖示兔(tu)毫茶碗文獻記載：建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)產創燒(shao)于(yu)晚唐五代時(shi)期，興盛于(yu)兩(liang)宋(song)，元代中(zhong)后期趨于(yu)衰落，明(ming)代停(ting)燒(shao)。數百(bai)年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)”的(de)恢(hui)復(fu)和(he)研(yan)究(jiu)，一直為陶瓷界所關注、研(yan)究(jiu)者所追求(qiu)。1979年(nian)(nian)開始，離休(xiu)干(gan)部栗(li)(li)金旺領(ling)著女(nv)婿孫建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興和(he)女(nv)兒栗(li)(li)云及(ji)外孫女(nv)孫莉，運用(yong)現代科學(xue)技術(shu)與傳統技藝(yi)相結合，歷經艱辛，不懈(xie)探索，分析了數千片建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)殘(can)片的(de)燒(shao)成(cheng)規律，經過數萬次坯釉配方調試(shi)，以及(ji)數千次燒(shao)成(cheng)工藝(yi)的(de)改(gai)進，來(lai)努(nu)力提高(gao)制品成(cheng)功率。試(shi)制出兔(tu)毫、油滴、曜變等系(xi)列建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)，恢(hui)復(fu)了建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)系(xi)列傳統技藝(yi)，終于(yu)使失傳的(de)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)”系(xi)技藝(yi)復(fu)原(yuan)，重現人(ren)間，讓國之(zhi)瑰寶重煥光彩。

2008年(nian)以來(lai)，星辰、建(jian)(jian)(jian)窯兩所向國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)部、省(sheng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)廳申報(bao)研制(zhi)發掘的“建(jian)(jian)(jian)窯建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)制(zhi)作（燒(shao)制(zhi)）技藝”，分別于2009年(nian)5月、被列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)第(di)(di)三批(pi)省(sheng)級(ji)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)錄。栗金旺(wang)、孫建(jian)(jian)(jian)興入(ru)(ru)(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)第(di)(di)二(er)批(pi)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產項(xiang)目代表性(xing)傳承人名(ming)單福(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)廳授予(yu)“南平(ping)市星辰天目陶瓷(ci)研究所”（建(jian)(jian)(jian)窯建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)燒(shao)制(zhi)技藝）為(wei)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)第(di)(di)一批(pi)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產生產性(xing)保護示范基地。2011年(nian)5月被列(lie)入(ru)(ru)(ru)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產名(ming)錄，孫建(jian)(jian)(jian)興入(ru)(ru)(ru)選(xuan)(xuan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)第(di)(di)四(si)批(pi)非物質(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產項(xiang)目代表性(xing)傳承人名(ming)單。

制作技藝

在(zai)歷史(shi)上，建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)以黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)著稱(cheng)(cheng)。依據釉(you)(you)(you)面紋理的(de)不同，建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)瓷(ci)大(da)致可分(fen)為(wei)烏金、兔毫、油滴(di)、鷓(zhe)鴣斑、曜變和雜色六大(da)類(lei)。建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)瓷(ci)中(zhong)碗類(lei)占絕大(da)多(duo)(duo)數，宋(song)代文獻(xian)稱(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“甌”或“盞(zhan)”，俗稱(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)。其胎質(zhi)厚實堅硬，截面呈黑(hei)色或灰(hui)黑(hei)、黑(hei)褐色，叩擊可聞金屬之(zhi)聲。建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)大(da)多(duo)(duo)口(kou)大(da)底小、形如漏斗，多(duo)(duo)為(wei)淺圈(quan)足，足根(gen)多(duo)(duo)見修刀。其造型古樸渾(hun)厚，手(shou)感壓沉(chen)，從形態上可以分(fen)為(wei)敞口(kou)、撇口(kou)、斂(lian)口(kou)和束(shu)口(kou)四類(lei)。建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)都(dou)用(yong)正(zheng)燒(shao)，因建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)普遍釉(you)(you)(you)汁(zhi)肥厚，為(wei)避免在(zai)燒(shao)制過程中(zhong)底部發(fa)生粘(zhan)連，其外(wai)壁(bi)多(duo)(duo)施半(ban)釉(you)(you)(you)，且口(kou)沿釉(you)(you)(you)層較薄，而器(qi)(qi)內(nei)底聚釉(you)(you)(you)較厚。建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)對土壤有著嚴(yan)格要求。建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)所以會誕生在(zai)閩北(bei)，是因為(wei)閩北(bei)有著得天獨厚的(de)資(zi)源，建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)所產(chan)的(de)黑(hei)釉(you)(you)(you)“建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”，就是采用(yong)閩北(bei)地(di)產(chan)含(han)鐵(tie)質(zhi)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)紅、黃(huang)壤土等(deng)粉碎(sui)加工后制成(cheng)(cheng)。建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)的(de)傳統手(shou)工制作技藝流程，要經過選瓷(ci)礦(kuang)、瓷(ci)礦(kuang)粉碎(sui)、淘洗、配(pei)料、陳腐(fu)、練(lian)泥、揉泥、拉坯(pi)、修坯(pi)、素燒(shao)、上釉(you)(you)(you)、裝窯(yao)(yao)(yao)、焙燒(shao)等(deng)13道工序。“建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”的(de)制坯(pi)成(cheng)(cheng)型，是采用(yong)手(shou)工拉坯(pi)成(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)。將雙手(shou)將泥拉成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi)(qi)坯(pi)，要成(cheng)(cheng)足在(zai)胸，一(yi)氣呵(he)成(cheng)(cheng)。靈活(huo)運(yun)用(yong)，推、拉、收(shou)、放(fang)等(deng)手(shou)法，在(zai)準確(que)適(shi)度的(de)內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)個(ge)力的(de)調合中(zhong)，找(zhao)到器(qi)(qi)壁(bi)最(zui)佳形式成(cheng)(cheng)型。

燒制技藝

宋時(shi)(shi)建(jian)窯(yao)產(chan)出的(de)黑釉瓷(ci)產(chan)品，主(zhu)要以曜變、金兔毫、銀兔毫、油滴、鷓鴣(gu)斑紋(wen)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。“建(jian)盞”是在(zai)窯(yao)內(nei)高溫焙燒的(de)過程中，通過火的(de)藝術(shu)，使釉面產(chan)生各種自(zi)然奇特的(de)斑紋(wen)。在(zai)古時(shi)(shi)，這(zhe)些斑紋(wen)人(ren)工(gong)難(nan)以控制(zhi)，形(xing)成的(de)各種變幻莫測的(de)釉色，讓人(ren)感覺(jue)象宇宙(zhou)星空(kong)的(de)景色，精美絕倫，給(gei)人(ren)以質(zhi)樸、典(dian)雅(ya)的(de)美感。屬于我(wo)國古代(dai)結(jie)晶藝術(shu)釉，是宋時(shi)(shi)建(jian)窯(yao)的(de)杰出成就。有關專家認為(wei)(wei)，南平市星辰天(tian)目陶瓷(ci)研究所(suo)燒制(zhi)出以往所(suo)沒有的(de)天(tian)目瓷(ci)，其制(zhi)作(zuo)的(de)建(jian)盞，在(zai)器(qi)形(xing)、釉色和本質(zhi)結(jie)構上(shang)均達到“形(xing)似、神似 、質(zhi)似”的(de)藝術(shu)水平。

由于這類結晶釉在(zai)(zai)(zai)窯爐高(gao)溫(wen)中易變，難以(yi)控制(zhi)，加(jia)上(shang)氧化鐵含量高(gao)的(de)(de)坯體難以(yi)承受高(gao)溫(wen)變化，要(yao)燒(shao)制(zhi)一件(jian)(jian)(jian)外觀(guan)沒有缺陷的(de)(de)，又(you)具有美麗斑(ban)(ban)紋的(de)(de)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是很困難的(de)(de)，即使運(yun)用現代科技手段所產(chan)出(chu)的(de)(de)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，成品幾率低，優(you)秀(xiu)的(de)(de)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)面上(shang)更少。其(qi)中曜變盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斑(ban)(ban)紋光彩奪目(mu)，異(yi)常(chang)絢麗，在(zai)(zai)(zai)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中最(zui)為珍(zhen)貴。在(zai)(zai)(zai)當時人工(gong)傳統燒(shao)制(zhi)幾千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中，才能偶然(ran)得到(dao)一兩(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)曜變斑(ban)(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。燒(shao)制(zhi)上(shang)百萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)中，得到(dao)一兩(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)油滴斑(ban)(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，“目(mu)前世界上(shang)僅存的(de)(de)三(san)件(jian)(jian)(jian)曜變斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，分別(bie)珍(zhen)藏在(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)靜(jing)嘉堂文庫、藤(teng)田美術館和(he)龍光院，被該國(guo)視為國(guo)寶。據公元1511年出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)《君臺觀(guan)左右賬記》史冊(ce)里(li)記載(zai)：曜變斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)乃無(wu)上(shang)神品，值(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)匹(pi)絹(juan)；油滴斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是第二重寶，值(zhi)五(wu)千(qian)匹(pi)絹(juan)；兔毫盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)值(zhi)三(san)千(qian)匹(pi)絹(juan)。從這里(li)不難看出(chu)，建(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)燒(shao)制(zhi)出(chu)的(de)(de)黑釉碗(wan)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，其(qi)價值(zhi)高(gao)得令(ling)人瞠目(mu)。”

建盞的(de)工藝特點表明，燒(shao)(shao)成一(yi)件完美作品，必然伴隨(sui)著(zhu)大量的(de)廢品和(he)次品，從(cong)我們走進古窯(yao)(yao)遺址(zhi)，就會看到那漫山(shan)遍(bian)野地瓷片，說明了宋(song)代建窯(yao)(yao)藝人，要燒(shao)(shao)制(zhi)難(nan)度大，成功率低的(de)茶碗，是因流行于宋(song)代的(de)斗(dou)茶文化藝術(shu)，也充(chong)分說明了建窯(yao)(yao)的(de)歷史與斗(dou)茶歷史息(xi)(xi)息(xi)(xi)相關。

傳承現狀

作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我國瓷(ci)壇(tan)明珠的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)，自(zi)元代(dai)初(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)期以后卻逐漸被歷史的(de)(de)塵(chen)土(tu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)掩埋，一度陷入(ru)沉寂。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)使失傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)茶盞(zhan)重見(jian)人(ren)(ren)間(jian)，栗(li)金(jin)(jin)旺(wang)、孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)栗(li)云及孫(sun)莉(li)一家(jia)(jia)三(san)(san)(san)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)，歷經(jing)三(san)(san)(san)十多年(nian)的(de)(de)努力(li)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)原有(you)研(yan)發(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)釉、金(jin)(jin)（銀）兔毫制(zhi)品(pin)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)風(feng)格的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，不斷創(chuang)新和(he)(he)發(fa)展。陸續挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘研(yan)發(fa)出建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)黃（紅(hong)、藍、虹(hong)彩(cai)(cai)）兔毫、金(jin)(jin)（銀、紅(hong)、藍、虹(hong)彩(cai)(cai)）油滴(di)(di)、國寶(bao)油滴(di)(di)（星(xing)）建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)、白點（藍點、黑(hei)點、銀點、虹(hong)彩(cai)(cai)）鷓鴣斑、曜(yao)變(bian)、異毫、毫變(bian)、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)、黃天目(mu)(mu)、蓼冷汁、灰(hui)被、金(jin)(jin)（銀）彩(cai)(cai)文字天目(mu)(mu)、鐵(tie)繡斑、木葉、玳瑁、柿紅(hong)釉等(deng)三(san)(san)(san)十種(zhong)系列(lie)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”制(zhi)品(pin)，經(jing)國家(jia)(jia)、省級專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)組織評審檢測分析和(he)(he)鑒定，主要性能(neng)指(zhi)標均達(da)到國際(ji)國內領(ling)先和(he)(he)國際(ji)先進(jin)水(shui)平(ping)。這些拙樸雋永(yong)、形神(shen)兼備(bei)的(de)(de)仿宋(song)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產品(pin)，無論胎釉、造型、花紋都可與古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)相媲美，再現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)千年(nian)古窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之盞(zhan)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術魅(mei)力(li)。孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)，曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德化紅(hong)旗瓷(ci)廠配(pei)方(fang)試(shi)制(zhi)組技術員(yuan)，后進(jin)入(ru)西北輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)學院陶(tao)瓷(ci)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)（現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陜西科(ke)(ke)技大學）學習(xi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恢復(fu)與挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘我國宋(song)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技藝(yi)(yi)，1979年(nian)，借調福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，參加由中(zhong)(zhong)央工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)美術學院、福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)組織恢復(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)（建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)兔毫釉）科(ke)(ke)研(yan)組，主要負(fu)責配(pei)方(fang)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，經(jing)過一年(nian)的(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)試(shi)驗，初(chu)步試(shi)制(zhi)出仿宋(song)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兔毫盞(zhan)。這期間(jian)，孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)認識了(le)(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省輕工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)栗(li)云。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)全面地(di)恢復(fu)失傳(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技藝(yi)(yi)，1981年(nian)，孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)栗(li)云夫妻先后從省城(cheng)調到閩北工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)之余，他們在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)幫(bang)助(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)燒制(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兔毫盞(zhan)、油滴(di)(di)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)，1982年(nian)，幫(bang)助(zhu)南(nan)平(ping)陶(tao)瓷(ci)廠仿制(zhi)燒出油滴(di)(di)盞(zhan)，該制(zhi)品(pin)經(jing)有(you)關(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)鑒定，確(que)認是成功的(de)(de)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)更全面、系統(tong)地(di)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)掘建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技藝(yi)(yi)，1991年(nian)，孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)岳父栗(li)金(jin)(jin)旺(wang)領(ling)頭創(chuang)辦(ban)了(le)(le)(le)民營(ying)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)機構—福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)平(ping)星(xing)辰天目(mu)(mu)陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，任所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)長(chang)，2008年(nian)，孫(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)(xing)與岳父栗(li)金(jin)(jin)旺(wang)、妻子栗(li)云以及女兒孫(sun)莉(li)創(chuang)辦(ban)了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)平(ping)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，一家(jia)(jia)三(san)(san)(san)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)投入(ru)到系列(lie)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”的(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)，使建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)的(de)(de)技藝(yi)(yi)得(de)以完善并傳(chuan)(chuan)承、發(fa)展。孫(sun)莉(li)受家(jia)(jia)庭環境薫陶(tao)，大學畢業(ye)(ye)后跟著(zhu)外公和(he)(he)父母癡迷于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)(ke)研(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。用近(jin)10年(nian)的(de)(de)青春時光與泥相伴，現(xian)已掌握(wo)了(le)(le)(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技藝(yi)(yi)，尤其是曜(yao)變(bian)的(de)(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)成型及燒成技藝(yi)(yi)，作(zuo)品(pin)‘油滴(di)(di)天球瓶’入(ru)選中(zhong)(zhong)國第二屆新秀陶(tao)藝(yi)(yi)家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)品(pin)雙(shuang)年(nian)展。2008年(nian)，孫(sun)莉(li)擔任了(le)(le)(le)南(nan)平(ping)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)長(chang)。她覺(jue)得(de)“通過努力(li)地(di)去塑造著(zhu)自(zi)己所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)希望(wang)的(de)(de)完美建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)，不斷地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)，去提(ti)高(gao)技藝(yi)(yi)水(shui)平(ping)而得(de)到的(de)(de)那種(zhong)成就感，是最快樂的(de)(de)事情了(le)(le)(le)。”現(xian)今，她的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)作(zuo)品(pin)，分別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)國家(jia)(jia)、省級有(you)關(guan)(guan)會議(yi)及參展上(shang)(shang)，獲得(de)金(jin)(jin)獎，銀、銅獎和(he)(he)優(you)秀獎，并獲國家(jia)(jia)專(zhuan)利兩項。 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傳承意義

隨著人民生活水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高，人們(men)對精神文化生活的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求越迫(po)切，建(jian)盞(zhan)文化重新(xin)被人們(men)所認識(shi)。日本人把中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)茶習俗發展成其(qi)獨(du)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶道(dao)文化，長期(qi)以來，優(you)秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)盞(zhan)，是日本國(guo)上層階級(ji)所珍(zhen)藏(zang)和使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶物。如今，武夷茶正強勁崛起，建(jian)盞(zhan)與茶緊(jin)密結合，必將也隨之興盛。

一只(zhi)質樸、典雅的(de)(de)“建盞(zhan)”就是(shi)充分(fen)利用了釉(you)料的(de)(de)材質，把固有的(de)(de)潛(qian)在的(de)(de)美表現(xian)出(chu)來，它所給予(yu)人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)不僅是(shi)大(da)自然和(he)宇(yu)宙的(de)(de)壯(zhuang)觀美，還有視覺和(he)觸(chu)覺所不能(neng)(neng)覺察到的(de)(de)，一種(zhong)靠心靈才能(neng)(neng)感(gan)受到的(de)(de)美。建窯建盞(zhan)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)作工(gong)藝(yi)，將流(liu)暢、簡煉(lian)、實用的(de)(de)造型、精光內蘊的(de)(de)釉(you)色和(he)匠心獨到的(de)(de)斑紋和(he)諧(xie)地(di)統一于建窯珍品(pin)中(zhong)，使之無庸置疑地(di)屹立于中(zhong)國(guo)古代黑釉(you)瓷制(zhi)(zhi)造的(de)(de)巔峰，成為一朵富有詩意的(de)(de)瓷壇奇葩。

“建(jian)(jian)窯建(jian)(jian)盞”是我國(guo)古代(dai)(dai)黑釉瓷的巔峰之作，對其技藝(yi)的保護(hu)、傳(chuan)承與發展(zhan)有著重(zhong)要的現實意義。它對認識我國(guo)悠久(jiu)的歷史文明，促進我國(guo)對外交(jiao)流，弘揚中華民族傳(chuan)統文化都(dou)有著無可替代(dai)(dai)的重(zhong)要作用。

2011年3至(zhi)5月，一(yi)家三代傳承人受福建(jian)省(sheng)非(fei)物質文化遺產博覽苑特邀(yao)，舉(ju)辦(ban)了“建(jian)窯建(jian)盞燒制技(ji)藝成果展”。當(dang)我(wo)們走進非(fei)遺博覽苑，靜靜品味建(jian)窯建(jian)盞的科技(ji)含量、文化底蘊和藝術魅力(li)，將會(hui)為這鳥語(yu)花香的光陰倍(bei)添一(yi)份(fen)春(chun)情(qing)春(chun)趣。

2016年(nian)3月22日(ri)下午，“天工(gong)開物——非(fei)(fei)物質文化遺(yi)產(chan)全(quan)國(guo)精品邀請展”在上海灘大美術館(guan)盛大開幕（展期從3月22日(ri)持續至4月15日(ri)），“不為”建盞(zhan)作(zuo)為建窯(yao)建盞(zhan)燒制技藝受邀參加本次(ci)(ci)展覽(lan)。此次(ci)(ci)展覽(lan)匯聚(ju)五湖(hu)四海著名非(fei)(fei)遺(yi)技藝及其傳(chuan)承人，向(xiang)觀眾展現(xian)全(quan)國(guo)非(fei)(fei)遺(yi)精品。