舒(shu)席以(yi)水竹(zhu)為原料,使用(yong)小葉水竹(zhu)編制尤佳。從選(xuan)料到(dao)成席前后需經過(guo)裁(cai)料、開(kai)竹(zhu)、破條、切頭、劃(hua)條、起(qi)黃、勻撕(si)、蒸煮(zhu)、染色、刮篾(mie)、繪圖、制樣、編織、收(shou)邊、檢驗15道工序。制成的舒席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)色澤鮮艷,柔軟光滑,篾紋(wen)細致(zhi),折卷不(bu)斷,攜帶方便。夏日使用(yong)它(ta)(ta)可收涼爽消汗之(zhi)功,且不(bu)腐不(bu)蛀,經久(jiu)耐用(yong),實用(yong)價值極高。舒席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的傳統產品(pin)(pin)以睡席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)主,現代又開發出榻榻米席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、枕(zhen)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、童席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、座(zuo)墊(dian)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、沙發套席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、人物字畫席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、壁畫席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、茶幾墊(dian)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等新品(pin)(pin)種。它(ta)(ta)不(bu)僅是一(yi)(yi)種實用(yong)的夏令佳品(pin)(pin),而且還是一(yi)(yi)種典雅(ya)的手工藝品(pin)(pin),古今字畫均能(neng)編織入(ru)席(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),畫面自然優美,令人嘆為(wei)觀止。
徽州竹編(bian)為“民間奇籃”,并(bing)作為(wei)貢品(pin)(pin)(pin)選送進京,黃山地區盛產(chan)(chan)翠竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),歷(li)史悠久,竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)(pin)(pin)分竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雕、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)拼三(san)大(da)系列。竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)工(gong)(gong)藝形成于唐,發(fa)(fa)展于明清,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)制(zhi)(zhi)作精細,造(zao)型別致,圖案(an)新(xin)穎,大(da)多融實用與觀(guan)賞于一體(ti),傳統產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)主要是生活(huo)用品(pin)(pin)(pin)和禮品(pin)(pin)(pin),現已(yi)在(zai)此(ci)基礎上發(fa)(fa)展了竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)畫(hua)和竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)動物等新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝品(pin)(pin)(pin)。近年(nian)來,為(wei)適應(ying)外貿和旅(lv)游業發(fa)(fa)展的(de)需要,“徽州竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)”突破原來的(de)長、圓、方、扁(bian)造(zao)型和簡(jian)單的(de)圖案(an),發(fa)(fa)展成竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)畫(hua)、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)雕、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)人物、竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)獸(shou)禽等。
作為民(min)間(jian)特(te)色工(gong)藝,旌德三溪(xi)竹(zhu)編遠近聞(wen)名(ming),小到竹(zhu)筒筷,大至竹(zhu)籃、竹(zhu)篩(shai)、竹(zhu)笠,無一(yi)不凝聚著編織者(zhe)的辛勞和汗水。竹(zhu)編要經(jing)過編織、車花、拼花、穿(chuan)珠(zhu)、翻簧等(deng)流程,才(cai)能(neng)最終完成(cheng)一(yi)件精巧的工(gong)藝品(pin)。
高峰唐氏(shi)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)主要是以紫竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、湘妃竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、羅(luo)漢竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、淡竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、毛竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、黃殼竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)為原料,編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織多種功用(yong)與形(xing)態(tai)(tai)的(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)籃,竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)籃外(wai)形(xing)有(you)圓形(xing)、方形(xing)、柱形(xing)、多邊形(xing)等(deng),千姿百態(tai)(tai),各有(you)韻味。在編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)織技法上(shang)有(you)挑(tiao)壓(ya)編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、拉花編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、實編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、空編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)等(deng)。唐氏(shi)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)籃編(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)工十(shi)分(fen)精(jing)細,所用(yong)的(de)篾(mie)絲最多可達100多根。籃(lan)身有的(de)層層相套,形如寶(bao)塔(ta),又稱塔(ta)籃(lan)或托籃(lan),有的(de)鏤(lou)空編織,編篾疏朗,工整(zheng)規范,常見的(de)編織圖案有胡(hu)椒眼、六(liu)洞眼、菊花(hua)串絲等,玲瓏剔透,以其用(yong)料考究、織工細膩、色澤光亮、品(pin)種繁多、造型精美而著稱。
2008年,竹編(bian)(舒席)因其獨(du)特的制作工藝、產(chan)地優異的水竹(zhu)原料和(he)蘊含深厚(hou)的文(wen)化內涵被列(lie)為(wei)安徽(hui)省非(fei)物質文(wen)化遺產(chan),同年(nian)列(lie)入國家級非(fei)物質文(wen)化遺產(chan)名錄。
竹編(徽(hui)州竹編)(黃山(shan)(shan)區),中(zhong)國(guo)安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黃山(shan)(shan)市黃山(shan)(shan)區傳統美術,安徽(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)級非物質文化遺產之一。
安徽(hui)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)工藝品(pin)歷史悠久,始于唐宋(song),盛于明(ming)清,一直流傳至今。屯(tun)溪(xi)、歙縣、青陽、舒(shu)城(cheng)、金寨等地(di)均有出產。工藝竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)兼(jian)具實用和觀賞裝(zhuang)飾價值,歷來受人們的(de)(de)喜愛。皖南山區(qu)盛產質地(di)細柔堅韌、品(pin)種繁多的(de)(de)毛竹(zhu)(zhu)、水竹(zhu)(zhu),為(wei)徽(hui)州地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian)工藝提供了就地(di)取材之便。屯(tun)溪(xi)、太(tai)平和歙縣等地(di)的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)編(bian),在繼(ji)承傳統技藝的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,不(bu)斷有所創新。